Abstract: An electrostatic precipitator (1) to precipitate one or more materials (9) out of an exhaust gas flow (5) has a spray electrode (2) having an active part (14) for generating a corona discharge (6) and a flushing liquid supply (21), by means of which flushing liquid (10) is supplied into the precipitator (1) for removing deposits (11), made of the material(s) (9) to be separated, that settle on the spray electrode (2). The precipitator (1) uses less cleaning liquid and the cleaning is carried out more reliably. For this purpose, a flushing device (8) directs the flushing liquid (10) across a head region (12) of the spray electrode (2) onto the active part (14) of the spray electrode (2) as a flushing stream (22).

Abstract: A system for coating objects, comprising a coating booth and an electrostatically operating separation unit. A feeding device, by which deposition liquid can be fed to the upper region of each deposition surface, is assigned to each deposition electrode of the deposition unit. The feeding device has a feed channel which can be filled with deposition liquid and which in the lower region thereof is formed by two spring plates. Two slide plates are also seated against the opposite deposition surfaces of the deposition electrode and can be moved back and forth between a position in which the lower edges of said slide plates are located above the lower edges of the spring plates and a position in which the lower edges of said slide plates are located below the lower edges of the spring plates.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and systems for a bipolar ionization device that includes an electrically insulated base, a power input terminal, an anode engaged to the base and the power input terminal, a cathode that partially circumscribes the anode, and plurality of tines extending perpendicularly from the anode having a lower portion and a top portion, wherein the lower portion is engaged to the anode and is wider than the top portion.

Abstract: A device for collecting particles that have a high electron affinity, particularly explosive particles, from a gas, includes a flow channel (12a) in which at least one electrically positive collector electrode (20a) and at least one ionising electrode (18a) are arranged, between which an electrical field is present so that the particles having high electron affinity can be indirectly charged by corona discharge on the ionising electrode (18a) and can be displaced towards the collector electrode (20a).

Abstract: A device for collecting particles in air comprising a collecting chamber (4), a capillary tube (12) whereof one end (12.1) terminates in the chamber (4), a collecting electrode, the capillary tube (12) containing polarisable liquid. Sufficient difference in voltage is applied between the liquid and the collecting electrode (16) for a corona effect between the drop of liquid at the end of the capillary tube (12) and the collecting electrode (12) and the spraying of the drop (20) by electrospray. The corona discharge causes flow of air through the collecting chamber (4) and the electrospray ensures wetting of the collecting electrode (16).

Abstract: A compact electrostatic particulate collector for sampling contaminants has a collection chamber defined by a titanium inner surface of a wall. A potential inducer is disposed within the chamber to create a field potential between itself and the wall of the chamber. A blower is disposed to propel air to be sampled through the chamber. At least one rinse channel is disposed to wet the inner surface of the wall of the chamber substantially 100%. The rinse channel is angled to direct a rinse liquid in a spiral direction around the inner surface of the wall. Contaminants in the air being sampled are electro statically biased into the rinse liquid on the wall and rinsed out of the chamber for collection.

Abstract: A mast electrode design for a wet electrostatic precipitator including a first and a second electrode section connected together via a connector assembly. The connector assembly includes an axial protrusion extending from an end of the first electrode section which is inserted into an axial bore formed in an end of the second electrode section.

Abstract: A wet electrostatic precipitator is disclosed to include a condensation-growth chamber, a precipitation chamber connecting with the condensation-growth chamber, three dual-sleeve members mounted in the precipitation chamber, three discharge electrodes connecting with the dual-sleeve members, two insulating members covering on the inner surface of the precipitation chamber, and two ground electrodes mounted on the outside of the precipitation chamber. Thus, a uniform water film is formed on the surface of the insulating members to wash away the particles from waste gas. The condensation-growth chamber is provided for the particles to grow therein and thereby enhances the collection efficiency. The insulating member acts as a shield between the discharge electrodes and the ground electrodes and thereby avoids a short circuit or sparks.

Abstract: According to one aspect of the invention a device for purification of air is provided, including a metal plate electrical connections connected to the metal plate in order to impress a voltage on the metal plate, a heating element for heating the metal plate, and a nozzle connected to a water supply in order to spray the metal plate with water. In further embodiments the device includes a metallic cylinder, a fan disposed at one end of the cylinder and a restriction disposed at the other end of the cylinder, together with live coils for providing an electric field, where the centre of the electric field around the coils coincides with the location of the device's other units.

Abstract: A tubular collector for precipitating electrically loaded aerosols from a gas stream stands vertically in a gas stream duct. The stream flows upwards in the section. The tubular collector includes at least one group of pipe bundle which extends at the most over the internal width of the duct and including at least one dimensionally stable pipe bundle whose lower side or side that faces the flow rests on a grating or perforated metal sheet connected to an electric reference potential. At least the top side or side away from the stream of a group of pipe bundles is uniformly sprayed with rinsing liquid. The pipes of a group of pipe bundles are held apart by spacers so that the stream flows over their outer and inner sides. The pipes of a group of pipe bundles are identical and have different adjustment heights. The pipes have such a length that at least when a turbulent flow enters one pipe, a laminar gas stream is formed downstream.

Abstract: A hybrid wet electrostatic precipitator for collecting sub-micron and nano-particulate material. The collector can be made up of three concentric tubes or pipes with an internally formed gas path communicating between an inlet and an outlet. A first collector and discharging zone can be provided in the gas path to create a corona discharge to charge particles and to collect particulate. A second collector can be formed by a porous wall which can act as a filtration device. A third collector can be formed by two or more of the concentric circular tubes, one porous and one solid, with a zone of uniform electric field between them. The porous tube can be either the inner tube or the middle tube. A liquid pool can be placed between the first and third collectors to provide chemical treatment of the gas flow or simply filtration as the gas passes through. A high-tension voltage supply can be used to supply a discharge voltage capable of generating a corona discharge into the flow in the first zone.

Abstract: An apparatus for removing particulate matter from a gas stream containing particulate matter, the apparatus including: a mist-producing element that mixes a gas stream entering the apparatus with liquid droplets; and a down flow Wet Electrostatic Precipitator (WESP) pass section having ionizing electrodes that electrically charge the particulate matter and the intermixed liquid droplets, and collecting surfaces in the form of an array of polygonal tubes, wherein the collecting surfaces are under the influence of an electrical field to attract and remove electrically-charged particulate matter and intermixed liquid droplets from the gas stream. An embodiment utilizing two down-flow Wet Electrostatic Precipitator (WESP) sections (i.e.

Abstract: A linear trap which allows for charge separation and ion mobility separation in a speedy manner, and enables measurement with high duty cycle. A mass spectrometer comprises an ion source, an ion trap for trapping ions ionized by the ion source, an ion trap controller for controlling a voltage on an electrode included in the ion trap, and a detector for detecting the ions ejected from the ion trap. The ion trap controller includes a table for each mass-to-charge ratio, the table containing a frequency of the voltage used for charge separation, and a gain of the voltage for ejecting a first ion with a first charge outside the ion trap, and retaining in the ion trap a second group of ions with a second charge that is lower than that of the first charge. The ion trap controller controls the voltage based on the mass-to-charge ratio set. The mass spectrometer has significantly improved sensitivity, as compared to the prior art.

Abstract: Electrostatic precipitators, including wet electrostatic precipitators, having a bank of conductive tubes which receive a gas stream having entrained particulates and an electrode connected to an electric current, wherein the tubes each include an internal restriction creating a hydrostatic pressure more evenly distributing the gas flow between the tubes eliminating the requirement for flow distribution devices, such as air straighteners and perforated plates.

Abstract: Electric oil separator that separates oil from an airflow of a ventilator. The separator includes an emission electrode and a collecting electrode. Moreover, the separator includes an injection device structured and arranged to inject oil as a cleaning fluid onto at least one of the emission electrode and the collecting electrode, so as to inject oil obliquely to a longitudinal axis of the collecting electrode.

Abstract: In an apparatus for the purification of a gas which apparatus includes a three section conduit with an ionization and cleaning section in which particles contained in water-saturated air are ionized and then conducted through a chamber with grounded walls so that part of the particles are deposited on these walls, an additional cleaning section which includes grounded tubes past which the gas is conducted to remove additional charged particles and a filter section in which dry remaining fine particles are removed from the gas stream, the deposited particles are flushed from all three sections and the flushing water including the particles is cleaned and recycled.

Abstract: A gas particle partitioner (GPP) removes particles from an aerosol with high efficiency and with no or minimum changes to the thermodynamic conditions and chemical composition of the gas phase of the aerosol. A permeable grid electrode surrounds a corona wire and separates an interior corona discharge area from an exterior aerosol charging zone. A particle free fluid washes the corona discharge area to minimize any transport of gas components produced by corona discharge to the aerosol. The charged particles in the aerosol are deflected by an electric field in a fractionator to selectively produce a particle free sample stream, which is then separated by a flow splitter from the aerosol.

Abstract: A portable liquid collection electrostatic collection precipitator for analyzing air is provided which is a relatively small, self-contained device. The device has a tubular collection electrode, a reservoir for a liquid, and a pump. The pump pumps the liquid into the collection electrode such that the liquid flows down the exterior of the collection electrode and is recirculated to the reservoir. An air intake is provided such that air to be analyzed flows through an ionization section to ionize analytes in the air, and then flows near the collection electrode where ionized analytes are collected. A portable power source is connected to the air intake and the collection electrode. Ionizable constituents in the air are ionized, attracted to the collection electrode, and precipitated in the liquid. The precipitator may also have an analyzer for the liquid and may have a transceiver allowing remote operation and data collection.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and device for separating materials in the form of particles and/or drops from a gas flow, in which method the gas flow is directed through a collection chamber the outer walls of which are grounded, and in which high tension is directed to the ion yield tips arranged in the collection chamber, thus providing an ion flow from the ion yield tips towards the collection surfaces, separating the desired materials from the gas flow. It is characteristic of the invention that the collection surfaces conducting electricity are electrically insulated from the outer casings; and that high tension with the opposite sign of direct voltage as the high tension directed to the ion yield tips is directed to the collection surfaces. According to an embodiment of the invention the electrical insulation is made of ABS, and the surface conducting electricity comprises a thin chrome layer arranged on the insulation layer.

Abstract: A precipitation tube bundle for wet electrostatic filters is provided. The precipitation tube bundle consists of a plurality of single-piece precipitation tubes which are held at a distance from each other by an upper support collar, a central guide ring and a lower guide ring. The application is advantageous in that the tube bundle can be produced simply and economically, individual tubes can be replaced and when an electrical breakdown occurs in one of the precipitation tubes, the adjacent tubes are not damaged.

Abstract: An electrostatic precipitator includes an upright hollow body having a lower smoke inlet and an upper smoke outlet, with a pair of spaced horizontal partitions formed in the hollow body between the inlet and outlet. A set of parallel ducts extends vertically between the partitions, and a pair of distributor frames is arranged in the hollow body, with one of the distributor frames disposed over the ducts and the other of the distributor frames disposed under the ducts. Between the distributor frames is stretched a plurality of wires that extend through respective ducts. Furthermore, each of the distributor frames is formed with a plurality of terminals to be electrically connected to one electrode of a DC high-voltage power supply, but the ducts are adapted to be electrically connected to the other electrode of the DC high-voltage power supply.

Abstract: A condensing wet electrostatic precipitator for cleaning hot gases is constructed of collection electrode modules which establish longitudinally extending collection electrodes and a cooling jacket, each collection electrode module having a configuration including at least one part-tubular section and a cooling fluid chamber integral with the part-tubular section for containing cooling medium for cooling the part-tubular section. In some arrangements, the collection electrode modules are spaced apart laterally to enable the passage of the hot gases through the collection electrodes in a direction transverse to the longitudinal direction in which the collecting electrodes extend.

Abstract: An electrostatic precipitation system (100) utilizes laminar flow of a particulate-laden gas in order to enhance the removal of sub-micron sized particulates. The system incorporates a vertically oriented housing (105) through which the gas flows downwardly therethrough to a lower outlet port (110). The gas, which may be a flue gas enters the laminar flow precipitator (102) through an inlet port (108) for passage through a charging section (104). The charging section (104) imparts a charge to the particulates carried by the flue gas. The flue gas and charged particles then flow to a collecting section (106) which is downstream and below the charging section (104). The collecting section (106) is formed by a plurality of substantially parallel tubular members, each tubular member defining a collecting passage therein.

Abstract: An image-forming element is disclosed comprised of a support and a coating thereon containing a cobalt(III)complex and a compound containing a conjugated .pi. bonding system capable of forming at least a bidentate chelate with cobalt(III). The coating is predominantly free of anions which will form conjugate acids by deprotonation of a cobalt(II)complex containing the chelating compound. In one preferred form the image-forming element is radiation-sensitive. In this form the image-forming element can contain a photoactivator capable of initiating reduction of the cobalt(III)complex. An imaging process is disclosed in which the coating is exposed to actinic radiation to produce an image. Images can be recorded directly within the image-forming coating or in a separate image-recording element or layer by use of the residual cobalt(III)complex or by use of one or more of the reaction products produced by exposure.

Abstract: A heat-developable diazotype sheet containing an acid-stabilized diazonium salt in one layer thereof and an acid-neutralizing component in another layer thereof is shown wherein at least 25% by weight of the acid-neutralizer component comprises imidazole derivatives of a specific formula.

Abstract: A photosensitive printing plate comprising a support having thereon a photosensitive layer comprising a photo-curable composition and an o-quinonediazide compound in an amount of about 0.05 to 4 parts by weight per part by weight of the photo-curable composition.

Abstract: A method of coloring a water-absorbable plastic partially or totally in a single color or multiple colors in such a manner that no migration or separation of the coloring agents used can take place. A copolymer of a coupler monomer and a water-absorbable plastic monomer, a polymer of a coupler polymer and a water-absorbable plastic monomer or a polymer of a coupler monomer and a water-absorbable plastic polymer is formed into an intermediate product shaped in the form of any desired final product. The intermediate product is immersed in an aqueous solution of a developer consisting of a diazonium double salt and allowed to swell, whereby the diazo-component of the developer penetrates into the plastic. The swollen product is then immersed in an aqueous acid or alkaline solution having an optimum pH value for coupling reaction to allow formation of an azoic dye on the plastic as a result of the coupling reaction.

Abstract: A liquid developer for use in developing binary diazo copying materials which consists essentially of an alkali metal salt of an aminoacid and/or an alkaline earth metal salt of an aminoacid.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improvement in a material adapted for imagewise exposure to actinic light comprising a transparent or translucent support having a positive-acting quinone diazide light-sensitive coating composition in direct contact with one surface thereof, the improvement comprising that the surface of said coating in direct contact with said support is substantially photodecomposed, and that a gradient exists in said coating wherein the percentage of undecomposed light-sensitive quinone diazide increases with increasing distance from said support. The invention also relates to a method for preparing the novel material.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for producing improved quality photographs on microfilm and improved quality diazo microfiche duplicates. A negative half-tone image of a real world subject is produced on a photosensitive medium. A negative of that image is then formed on microfilm, such negative being a positive half-tone image of the real world subject. Diazo duplicates are then made, if desired, using the negative image (positive half-tone image of the real world subject) on the microfilm as the master.

Abstract: Photographic element designed to prevent duplication by contact copying with actinic light, formed from a synthetic organic polymer having a nitrogen gas permeability suitable for use as a vehicle in a vesicular film, and a light sensitive diazotype composition dispersed therein in which the diazotype composition includes a light decomposable diazonium salt and a coupler for forming a dye with said diazonium salt. Upon image-wise exposure and development, the light-struck areas are vesiculated and an azo dye is formed in the nonlight-struck areas. The image formed from the vesicules relative to the azo dye provide sufficient contrast for viewing by projected light but insufficient contrast for contact copying with UV light.

Abstract: A processor for developing diazo film defined by a pair of flat platens disposed within a housing and spaced apart a distance only slightly greater than the thickness of the film. The housing includes intake and outlet openings aligned with the space between the platens and means for advancing an incoming film from the intake opening, through the space between the platens and for discharging it through the outlet opening. The platen facing the emulsion side of the film is heated and includes at least one passage through which a metered amount of aqueous ammonia is passed for each film that is to be developed. The ammonia is vaporized in the passage and discharged against the emulsion side of the film. A transverse groove in the emulsion facing surface of the platen communicates with the passage to distribute the ammonia vapor over the full width of the film. The developing temperature is between about 150.degree.-200.degree. F.

Abstract: Photographic masks, suitable for reproduction in a photoresist layer -- by exposure of the latter to actinic light under the mask, and development of the photo-resist image -- of the pattern of a microelectronic component or device, are made by exposure to light in accordance with an original (especially by contact exposure under a primary mask) containing the pattern to be reproduced, of light-sensitive material having a flat, rigid, dimensionally stable transparent base such as glass and a thin (e.g. 0.

Abstract: Disclosed is an alkali-soluble photosensitive composition having an excellent stability in photosensitivity and developing property over a long storage time and a high ink-sensitivity. The composition comprises an aromatic azido compound and a novolak resin prepared by condensation polymerizing, in the presence of an acid catalyst, formaldehyde, a phenol compound of the following formula (I) and another phenol compound or compounds of the following formula (II) and/or formula (III). ##STR1## wherein, R.sub.1 =H or -CH.sub.3, R.sub.2 =alkyl of 3-15 carbon atoms, phenyl or cyclohexyl, and R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 =alkyl of 1-3 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A diazotype material useful for making duplicates of continuous tone originals, such as X-ray films, comprising a transparent film support having a coating of a layer thereon consisting essentially of at least two light-sensitive diazo compounds having different photolysis rates, couplers for the diazo compounds, an ultraviolet radiation absorbing material and homogeneously distributed in the layer at least about 7% by weight, based on the weight of lacquer, of an inert particulate material such as silica. The use of this material makes it possible to approximate a logarithmic photolysis, thereby providing sufficient linearity in the corresponding characteristic curve to achieve the desired duplicating results.

Abstract: A developer composition for photosensitive coatings on substrates, particularly lithographic printing plates sensitized with substantially water-insoluble diazonium compounds, which is comprised of an aqueous solution of a substantially water-soluble organo-lithium salt, e.g., lithium naphthenate, lithium benzoate, lithium ricinoleate, etc. The novel developers quickly remove unexposed areas of the plate and yet do not detrimentally dissolve the exposed areas of the plate.

Abstract: 3-Substituted coumarins are efficient sensitizers for light-sensitive unsaturated materials such as unsaturated vesiculators which release a gas upon exposure to radiation, unsaturated monomers and photocrosslinkable unsaturated polymers, and azides such as photocrosslinkable polymeric azides used in photomechanical resists and lithographic plates. Water soluble derivatives can be used for aqueous coatable or aqueous processable systems.

Abstract: A developing station for developing microfiche includes a pair of closely spaced walls, an inflatable tube defining the developing region of the station, a system for inflating the tube to seal the region, and a member for transporting a copy sheet into the region. The transporting member is withdrawn from the region during the developing step and moved back into the region subsequent to the developing step to transport the copy sheet from the developing region.

Abstract: Light-sensitive compositions containing a quinone diazide which are useful in positive-working photoresists and positive-working lithographic printing plates are developed with a developing composition comprising methyltriethanol ammonium hydroxide. The developing composition provides the advantage that it is free of metal ions and, accordingly, does not contaminate the surface of the image. It is additionally advantageous in that it provides extended development latitude, increased exposure latitude, improved resist contrast, improved prebake latitude, a low depletion rate and minimal loss of image layer thickness.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improvement in the process for the production of photocopies with two-component diazotype material which cannot be developed by the action of heat alone and which, during continuous passage through a photocopying machine, is first exposed imagewise to light emitted by a mercury lamp and is then exposed, for the purpose of development, to an ammonia/water mixture, in vapor form, in a development chamber, the improvement comprising employing light emitted from a gallium-modified or indium-modified mercury lamp for the imagewise exposure of the diazotype material, and exposing the diazotype material, which has been exposed to light, to an ammonia/water vapor mixture in the development chamber, said mixture in terms of vapor pressure being unsaturated and containing at most 25 per cent by weight of ammonia, at a temperature of about 105 to 120.degree. C and at a predetermined pressure. The invention also relates to an apparatus for performing the process.

Abstract: A lithographic photographic material has a photosensitive layer comprising gelatin having an isoelectric point of at least 7 and a condensation product formed between a diazonium salt of a para-aminodipheynylamine derivative and an aldehyde. The photosensitive layer can be photoinsolubilized and will form a photo-relief.A method for using the lithographic photographic material comprises partially photoinsolubilizing the photosensitive layer and then immersing it in a bath of an acid or direct dye to form level dying, washing the dye material with water to remove unexposed areas, thereby forming an image composed of the dye photoinsolubilized resin layer corresponding to the exposed areas.

Abstract: A heat developable light-sensitive material comprising at least one layer containing a diazonium salt and a metal-.beta.-diketonate. If desired, these two essential components can be incorporated into different layers of the light-sensitive materials. The heat developable light-sensitive materials forms stable positive images upon exposure and heating.

Abstract: Diazotype material which after imagewise exposure can be developed by applying onto its sensitized surface between 1.5 and 4.5 cm.sup.3 per square meter of developing solution, consists of a paper support, the same side of which is coated successively with a sealing layer containing as a filmforming binder polyvinylacetate or a copolymer of styrene with butadiene and a light-sensitive layer having a dry weight of at most 8 g per square meter and comprising a diazonium compound, polyvinyl alcohol with a degree of hydrolysis over 75% and starch particles, whereby the weight ratio polyvinyl alcohol to starch particles is 1 : 5 to 20. The light-sensitive layer may also comprise an azo-coupling component.

Abstract: Copying by photographic means of plates having coded audio and video information of a very fine structure. Use is made of an aromatic diazosulphide as light-sensitive system, wherein, after exposure, a metal nuclei image is produced by contact with metal salt, which metal nuclei image is at or below the surface and which is intensified by means of physical development to an externally reflective and, as such, readable image.

Abstract: An imaging system is provided wherein a blocked dye precursor is activated by an amine to an unblocked form which, in the presence of an inert cobalt (III) complex containing amine releasing ligands, undergoes a redox reaction to form a dye. The amine generated during the redox reaction causes further dye formation, giving increased speed.

Abstract: A method for increasing the ink-receptivity of a light-sensitive planographic printing plate comprising a support having thereon a light-sensitive layer comprising an o-quinonediazide based light-sensitive material which is rendered alkali solution-soluble by irradiation of active light and a condensate of an aldehyde and a substituted phenol represented by the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or a halogen atom, and R.sub.3 is an alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group.

Abstract: The present invention provides a device for eliminating the residue waste of aqueous ammonia solution, comprising a first portion of ammonia gas and a second portion of steam, of a developer system in an ammonia type diazo machine. The device provides for separating the first and second portions, recirculating the first portion to the developer system, condensing the second portion to form water and conveying the water via an inlet duct to an evaporator tank. A heater is provided for heating the evaporator tank to vaporize the water therein and an outlet duct is provided for expelling the water vaporized in the tank to an exhaust system of the machine.

Abstract: A process for thermal development, which comprises irradiating with microwaves an imagewise exposed thermally developable recording material in thermal contact with a conductive layer or material having a surface electric resistance ranging from about 1 ohm/.quadrature. to about 10.sup.5 ohm/.quadrature., whereby the heat generated in the conductive layer or material develops the thermally developable recording material.

Abstract: A photosensitive composition comprising 2-azidobiphenyl or its derivative and a triplet sensitizer produces a stable image by irradiation.Both of coloring and fixing are conducted by irradiating with light of different spectral distributions.

Abstract: Photopolymerizable compositions and processes for photopolymerizing such compositions are provided, said process comprising admixing with said epoxides, photosensitive organohalogen compounds and thereafter applying energy to the resulting mixture. The organohalogens decompose to liberate an active catalyst which then serves to initiate polymerization of the epoxide material.