Abstract: Copolymers of glycidyl methacrylate and allyl glycidyl ether having pendant epoxy groups, having an inherent viscosity of at least about 0.25, preferably within the range of about 0.25 to about 0.38, and an epoxy equivalent of at least about 0.65 epoxide equivalent per 100g. of polymer are provided which upon admixture with a radiation-sensitive aryldiazonium salt provide compositions which exhibit improved sensitivity, curing rates and other properties. Articles for recording and storing information from a laser source and other articles such as microfilm are derived from such compositions by subjecting a coated substrate to an energy source of sufficient intensity to decompose the radiation-sensitive catalyst and thus effect polymerization via the epoxy groups of the copolymer.

Abstract: A film for use in Lippmann photography is formed with a photosensitive emulsion on a transparent base and a separable reflective layer adhering to the emulsion. This separable layer may be a reflective coating carried by a soluble coating, or both soluble and insoluble coatings, or may be a reflective coating of a normally liquid metal which adheres to the emulsion and is readily separated by solvent or reactant.

Abstract: Copolymers of certain keto-olefins and SO.sub.2 are sensitive to light and form films useful as photoresists in the manufacture of printed circuits, integrated circuits, printing plates and the like.

Abstract: Direct-print images of improved stability against prolonged light-exposure are obtained in a photodevelopable element by spectrally sensitizing the photodevelopable emulsion, providing in the emulsion layer or a superposed layer a compound absorbing radiation in the inherent sensitivity range of the silver halide, and effecting image-wise exposure with radiation comprising light of the spectral range for which the silver halide has been spectrally sensitized.

Abstract: A process for improving the coating of photographic materials by substantially removing coating irregularities and applying more uniform coatings is described.

Abstract: In a first main aspect azo dyestuffs of the formula ##STR1## wherein A, B, X and Y are certain substituents, in a second main aspect azo dyestuffs of the formula ##STR2## wherein B' represents certain substituents and in a third main aspect azo dyestuffs of the formulaA.sub.1 --N.dbd.N--B.sub.1 --NH--CO--X.sub.1 --Y--Z.sub.1 --OC--HN--B.sub.1 --N.dbd.N--A.sub.1wherein A.sub.1, B.sub.1, X.sub.1, Z.sub.1 and Y are certain substituents as well as the use of said azo dyestuffs in photographic material are disclosed.

Abstract: Holographic recording media which form permanent holograms with excellent recording sensitivity are prepared from .alpha.-diketones which are capable of intermolecular hydrogen atom abstraction dissolved in a transparent, cured vinyl benzene polyester polymerhost.

Abstract: A process is described for the hardening of a protein-aceous layer or layers, more especially of gelatin layers, e.g. gelatin layers in a photographic material, by the application on this layer or layers of a coating composition comprising a low molecular weight, fast-acting, carboxyl group-activating hardening agent in combination with a film-forming, hydrophilic, polymeric, fast-acting hardening agent carrying one or more carboxyl group-activating substituents.

Abstract: A Christiansen cell is provided, which, upon photomodulation, gives a color image having reduced deterioration of color at the edges of the image. The reduced deterioration results by adding a multifunctional epoxy compound and a curing agent for the epoxy compound to the light sensitive medium of a Christiansen cell.

Abstract: An image-forming element is disclosed comprised of a support and a coating thereon containing a cobalt(III)complex and a compound containing a conjugated .pi. bonding system capable of forming at least a bidentate chelate with cobalt(III). The coating is predominantly free of anions which will form conjugate acids by deprotonation of a cobalt(II)complex containing the chelating compound. In one preferred form the image-forming element is radiation-sensitive. In this form the image-forming element can contain a photoactivator capable of initiating reduction of the cobalt(III)complex. An imaging process is disclosed in which the coating is exposed to actinic radiation to produce an image. Images can be recorded directly within the image-forming coating or in a separate image-recording element or layer by use of the residual cobalt(III)complex or by use of one or more of the reaction products produced by exposure.

Abstract: As quick-acting hardeners for protein-containing photographic layers, which do not adversely affect the sensitizers and color couplers in the photographic materials, carbodiimide compounds containing sulphobetaine groups are used.

Abstract: Photographic elements with surfaces having improved slip are produced by incorporating in a surface layer a polyester of the formula --O--CO--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --CO--O--R-- wherein n = 1-8 and R is selected from certain aliphatic or hydroaromatic groups.

Abstract: A process is provided to produce a novel photographic base by applying an aqueous coating composition containing aluminum oxide particles to at least one surface of a substrate, drying the coated substrate, applying a molten film of a polyolefin over at least one of the coated surfaces of the coated substrate, adhering the polyolefin to the coated surface, and cooling the polyolefin film to a temperature below the melt point of the polyolefin. The photographic base so produced may be further treated by applying a coating of a light sensitive silver halide emulsion to one side of the photographic base paper and drying the emulsion coated paper.

Abstract: An anti-halation layer for photographic materials comprising at least one first binder which is swollen by an aqueous alkaline solution and comprises about 10 to about 25% by weight of alkyl acrylate units, 52 to 65% by weight of alkyl methacrylate units and about 18 to about 30% by weight of suitable acid monomer units, and at least a second binder agent which is soluble in an alkaline aqueous solution but which can withstand a strongly alkaline preliminary bath and is readily stripped away only at a successive rinsing operation.

Abstract: An improved package for photopolymerized recording materials is disclosed. The package consists essentially of a cover plate, a substrate spaced apart from said cover plate, at least one of the said cover plate or said substrate having a coating on an internal surface of a photopolymerizable compound or a catalyst therefore, and fluid ingress means for introducing fluid into the space between said cover plate and said substrate. In a particularly preferred embodiment the ingress means is associated with a collapsible vessel located outside the basic package. Also disclosed are methods for using the package such as in holographic nondestructive testing.

Abstract: The sensitivity of organic volume phase holographic recording media comprising an .alpha.-diketone in an acrylic polyester polymer can be improved by heating the recording media during or after recording.

Abstract: A process for obtaining camera speed direct positive images which employs a photographic element comprising a film support, a layer of photosensitive silver halide, and a layer containing a colorant (e.g. colloidal silver). The silver halide layer is first imagewise exposed, and the latent image developed in the presence of a compound capable of producing sulfide ions e.g. thiourea, and then the photographic element is immersed in a chemical bleach which removes the silver image generated in the silver halide layer and removes the colorant in the areas corresponding to the exposed areas of the silver halide layer, leaving a direct positive image in those areas of the colorant-containing layer which are directly under the unexposed nonimage areas of the silver halide layer.

Abstract: The amine salts of linear polyaniline compounds, including substituted polyaniline compounds, are useful, semiconductors. These materials are generally soluble in popular organic solvents and have resistivities between 10.sup.-.sup.3 and 10.sup.9 ohm-cm. These compounds are useful in the formation of semiconductor compositions, including self-supporting films, and various semiconductor elements such as antistatic films and fibers.

Abstract: Process for preparing photographic materials yielding on imagewise exposure to radiation a direct positive image is provided, which comprises the deposition of a thin layer of catalytically active metal onto a carrier base on the surface of which has been deposited an intermediate adhesive layer or surface filled by the deposition thereon and in direct contact therewith of a second thin layer of a photosensitive inorganic compound capable of reacting catalytically with the metal layer when activated upon exposure to radiation, so that the metal layer is destroyed on the illuminated areas but remains intact on the nonilluminated areas of the photographic material, creating in this way a direct positive metal image, capable of being stabilized and intensified.

Abstract: Polymeric particles are homogeneously dispersed in aqueous medium by a process which comprises dissolving a water-insoluble film-forming polymer in a water-insoluble, ethylenically unsaturated monomer which is liquid at room temperature. The solution formed is dispersed by stirring in an aqueous solution of a hydrophilic colloid and of a dispersing agent, stirring being continued until a stable dispersing of polymer-in-monomer solution droplets having a diameter between 1 and 10 microns, preferably between 1 and 6 micron, in said aqueous solution is obtained. While continuously stirring the dispersion in the presence of a free-radical forming polymerization initiator, the dispersion is heated at the decomposition temperature of said polymerization initiator to effect polymerization of the water-insoluble, liquid monomer and to form an aqueous dispersion of solvent-free polymer particles.

Abstract: A composition suitable as a negative working photoresist composition comprising an N-vinyl compound such as N-vinyl carbazole, an organic halogen compound which is a source of free radicals, and as a binder, a maleic acid anhydride modified rosin. The resist composition is deposited on a suitable support and is exposed to a pattern of radiation in the usual way. A negative image is obtained by development with an alkaline liquid.

Abstract: A photographic light-sensitive material with an uppermost layer thereon containing a gelatin derivative and silicic anhydride colloid.

Abstract: Silver halide photographic sensitive materials which comprise a surface layer containing acid treated gelatin and alkali treated gelatin, wherein the ratio by weight of the alkali treated gelatin to the acid treated gelatin is about 0.5 to less than about 100%.

Abstract: This invention provides photosensitive compositions based on leuco dye and dye bases and which exhibit improved sensitivity and improved resistance to dark fogging as a consequence of the incorporation of organic bis-sulfide or sulfinyl ester compounds into photosensitive compositions comprising at least one leuco dye and at least one styryl, cyanine or merocyanine dye base. Preferably an additional improvement comprises provision of an overcoat for the photosensitive composition of this invention when in the form of thin films on a support such as a polyester or a paper sheet or glass plate. The overcoat acts to improve the shelf life and photosensitometric properties of the photosensitive composition.

Abstract: This invention relates to a silver halide photographic material at least one gelatin layer of which contains a copolymer derived fromI vinyl acetate and another monomerIi an allyl or methallyl acyl acetate and optionallyIii a sulphonate with an allyl or methallyl group.The material can be hardened to a greater degree than the usual materials.

Abstract: This invention relates to free-radical, non-silver,photosensitive films, particularly those suitable for optical development as described in United States Patent 3,510,300. The invention comprises the incorporation of metal di-substituted dithiocarbamates and dithiophosphinates into otherwise known photosensitive compositions to inhibit fog formation and to provide aging stability to such compositions. Preferably, an additional improvement comprises provision of an overcoat for the photosensitive composition of this invention when in the form of thin films on a support such as a polyester of a paper sheet or glass plate. The overcoat acts to improve the shelf life and photosensitometric properties of the photosensitive composition.

Abstract: Recording medium comprising a film of a polymer of 1-methylvinyl methyl ketone on a support is suitable for recording information with electron beams. This recording medium has high resolution and good sensitivity.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic light-sensitive material in which a surface layer thereof contains an inorganic material comprising as a main component alumina-magnesium silicate to improve upon the characteristics of the surface.

Abstract: A combination of improved coatability of a coating composition onto an anionic surfactant-containing contiguous layer of a radiation-sensitive or non-radiation sensitive film element, plus better control of static electricity on the resulting coated film element, especially on a radiation sensitive photographic element, results from using a coating composition containing a surfactant mixture of (a) a certain type of cationic perfluorinated alkyl surfactant, such as perfluorooctylsulfonamido-(N-propyl-3-N,N,N-trimethyl) ammonium iodide, with (b) a certain type of nonionic alkylphenoxypoly(propylene oxide) surfactant, such as para-isononylphenoxy decaglycidol, as a coating aid in the application of fluid coatings, preferably by simultaneous coating techniques, to form multiple layers in an element during the making of the element. The presence of a hydrophilic polymeric binder, such as gelatin, in the coating composition is desirable.

Abstract: Recording medium comprising a film of a polymer of 1-methylvinyl methyl ketone on a support is suitable for recording information with electron beams. This recording medium has high resolution and good sensitivity.

Abstract: A novel photosensitive member is disclosed which is suitable for the formation of images on the exterior surfaces of structures such as buildings and ships which comprises a combination of a substrate member and photosensitive layer with both opaque and adhesive layers to provide for attachment of the member to the surface of the structure as well as the imaging thereof under outdoor conditions.

Abstract: A photographic light-sensitive material comprising a support having thereon at least one silver halide photographic layer and at least one layer containing a styrene-maleic acid copolymer in which about 10 to 70 mol % of the carboxylic acid groups of the styrene-maleic acid copolymer is esterified with a compound represented by the following formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a phenyl group, and n is 1 or 2.

Abstract: A method of stabilizing a color image resulting from the photomodulation of a Christiansen cell is provided by adding a cross-linking monomer to an optically homogeneous, photopolymerizable medium of a Christiansen cell in an amount sufficient to produce cross-linked polymer upon exposure to actinic light which stabilizes the color image formed and maintains the optical homogeneity of the medium. An improved color image can be formed by also adding to the medium a small amount of a nitroso dimer.

Abstract: A photographic light-sensitive material comprising a support having thereon at least one light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer and with at least one photographic layer of the photographic light-sensitive material containing a liquid organopolysiloxane having therein at least one siloxane unit, in which (1) a methyl group and (2) an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxyalkyl group, an aralkyl group, an aryloxyalkyl group or a 2,3-epoxypropyloxyalkyl group with each group having at least 5 carbon atoms are attached to the silicon atom of the siloxane unit.

Abstract: A method of controlling developer activity in the processing of photosensitized printing plates; comprising, exposing a photographic test film, comprising, a film adapted to pass substantial amounts of light through some portions thereof and substantially lesser amounts of light through other portions thereof, preferably transparent portions and opaque portions, and having a background area and a plurality of insets separated from one another and surrounded by and separated by the background area, the background area having a plurality of regularly spaced dots, having a relatively small total dot perimeter per unit area and a constant dot size and adapted to pass substantial amounts of light through said dots, separated by lines adapted to transmit substantially lesser amounts of light through said lines, each of the insets having a plurality of regularly spaced dots, having a larger total dot perimeter than the small dot perimeter and constant dot size and adapted to pass small amounts of light through said

Abstract: Photographic elements comprising a silver halide emulsion layer give less fog in negative type emulsions and increased speed in direct-positive emulsions when said emulsions are developed in the presence of an organic heterocyclic or thioaryl-substituted tertiary phosphine.

Abstract: The useful pot life of epoxide compositions containing a phenyldiazonium hexafluorophosphate as a latent polymerization catalyst is appreciably extended when the diazonium compound contains one or more alkoxy or benzyloxy radicals as substituents on the phenyl radical. The substituents are preferably located on carbon atoms that are ortho or para with respect to the carbon atom bearing the diazonium radical.

Abstract: A method for forming an image, which comprises subjecting an image-recording material comprising a metal layer and an inorganic material layer to imagewise exposure by application of electromagnetic radiation, and then heating the exposed material to cause a thermal doping of the unexposed area of the metal layer. This method permits the formation of negative-positive type images. The product finds a wide range of valuable industrial applications, for example, as an ordinary image-recording material, laser recording material, electron beam recording material or microrecording material, and also for producing a print-wiring plate, relief metal plate for relief and lithographic printing, or a master for electrostatic printing.

Abstract: Non-conductive real images are formed on substrates by depositing reducible metal salt compositions thereon from an aqueous acidic solution of pH 1.5-5 containing bromide ions and exposing the coated substrates to radiant energy to reduce the metal salt to metallic nuclei and to produce a real image of metal, which is intensified and built up by electroless metal deposition. The metal salt composition can either be selectively deposited and then exposed, or uniformly deposited and then selectively exposed, to produce the real image.

Abstract: This invention relates to light sensitive compositions comprising a photosensitizer and a substrate useful in preparing photographic images.

Abstract: This invention concerns a photoimaging procedure in which the image is characterized by a differential concentration of sulfate groups, depending upon the degree of light exposure, and is developable by selective absorption of dyes and other procedures. The sulfate groups can be obtained by SO.sub.2 treatment of hydroperoxy groups produced in a photooxidation imaging procedure.

Abstract: The invention relates to relief plates for flexographic printing comprising a relatively soft elastomeric base (U) having a modulus of elasticity of from 10 to 200 kg/cm.sup.2 and a thickness of from 0.5 to 6 mm and, firmly bonded thereto, a thin, relatively hard, difficultly soluble intermediate layer Z having a modulus of elasticity of from 1 .times. 10.sup.3 to 2.1 .times. 10.sup.6 kg/cm.sup.2 and a thickness of from 5 to 500 .mu. and, firmly bonded to said intermediate layer Z, a relief layer P' consisting of a photocrosslinked elastomeric mixture having a modulus of elasticity of from 30 to 2000 kg/cm.sup.2 and a thickness of from 200 to 300 .mu., the modulus of elasticity of the photocrosslinked relief layer P' being the same as or higher than that of the base U and the neutral surface of the relief plate lying in or near the intermediate layer Z. The invention also relates to photosensitive laminates for the production of such plates.

Abstract: A channeled photosensitive element and a process and apparatus for laminating the same are described. In particular, a substantially solid, photoresist-forming layer having grooves or channels therein is applied with pressure to a surface having raised areas, such as a printed circuit board without entrapping air bubbles.

Abstract: Anti-fog compounds for silver halide photographic emulsions are disclosed. These compounds comprise the addition products of lower alkylene oxides and organic polyamines. The addition products of ethylene diamine and propylene oxide-ethylene oxide are especially useful in this application.

Abstract: A photomask material which comprises a transparent support having thereon an aluminum oxide thin film formed by anodic oxidation, the oxide thin film containing with a uniform distribution over the entire film a number of fine pores having a light-sensitive silver halide therein, and a method for producing the photomask material which comprises providing an aluminum thin layer on a transparent support, anodically oxidizing the aluminum thin layer by contacting the aluminum thin layer with an electrolytic solution such that the rate of anodic oxidation of the aluminum thin layer is continuously reduced in a direction of from one portion of the thin layer to another portion of the thin layer to thereby render the thin layer transparent, and incorporating a light-sensitive silver halide in a number of the resulting fine pores formed in the aluminum oxide thin film and uniformly all over the aluminum oxide thin film.

Abstract: A photographic material comprising a support having thereon a photosensitive silver halide emulsion layer containing a hydroquinone derivative which releases a development inhibitor or a development accelerator at development and including an absorbing colloid layer for adsorbing the development inhibitor or accelerator containing silver halide particles which are not substantially developed by development on the silver halide emulsion layer or between the silver halide emulsion layer and the support.

Abstract: A thermodevelopable light-sensitive material having a reduced frequency to fog formation by heat, comprising a support and at least one layer containing (a) an organic silver salt, (b) a catalytic amount of a light-sensitive silver halide or a compound capable of forming a light-sensitive silver halide by reaction with the organic silver salt (a), (c) a reducing agent (d) a binder, and (e) an N-haloacetamide. In order to increase the transparency of the thermodevelopable photographic layer of the material and the density of the image and to improve its preservability, a topcoating of polymer can be formed on the light-sensitive layer.

Abstract: A stabilizer precursor comprising a certain halo organic compound having a halogen substituent which is a chlorine, bromine or iodine atom in a photothermographic element or composition provides improved post-processing stability. This stabilizer precursor is useful in photothermographic materials, for example, comprising photosensitive silver salt and an oxidation-reduction image-forming combination comprising a heavy metal salt oxidizing agent with a reducing agent. Certain of the halo organic compounds are incubation antifoggants for certain of the photothermographic materials.

Abstract: Chromophore-substituted vinyl-halomethyl-s-triazine compounds are provided capable of free-radical generation upon excitation with radiation having a wavelength of from about 330 to about 700 millimicrons.

Abstract: Photographic elements are disclosed containing a hydrophilic colloid layer hardened with a compound having two vinylsulfonyl radicals coupled through a divalent hydrocarbon radical chosen from the group consisting of (1) an aliphatic radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, (2) --X--Y--X-- in which X is an alkylene group having 1 or 2 carbon atoms and Y is a phenylene group and (3) a phenyl-substituted methylene group. The compounds may be utilized generally in hardenable hydrophilic colloid compositions. Except for those compounds incorporating an alkylene divalent hydrocarbon radical, the hardeners are new compounds. .Iadd.