Abstract: Disclosed are embodiments of a lithographic patterning method that incorporates a combination of photolithography and self-assembling copolymer lithography techniques in order to create, on a substrate, a grid-pattern mask having multiple cells, each with at least one sub-50 nm dimension. The combination of different lithographic techniques further allows for precise registration and overlay of the individual grid-pattern cells with corresponding structures within the substrate. The resulting grid-pattern mask can then be used, in conjunction with directional etch and other processes, to extend the cell patterns into the substrate and, thereby form openings, with at least one sub-50 nm dimension, landing on corresponding in-substrate structures. Once the openings are formed, additional structures can be formed within the openings.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a microstructure includes filling a microchannel with a slurry including a sol-gel binder, removing a portion of the slurry from the microchannel such that a slurry layer is disposed on or between the plurality of microchannel walls, and heating the microstructure for a sufficient time and at a sufficient temperature to cure and bind the slurry layer to the microchannel walls.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to imaging agents and drug delivery systems.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for synthesizing a nanoparticle using a carbene derivative. More specifically, provided is a method for synthesizing a nanoparticle by adding one or more precursors to an organic solvent to grow a crystal, wherein a specific carbene derivative is used as the precursor.

Abstract: In one aspect, the present invention provides a process for forming polymeric nanoparticles, which comprises using a static mixer to create a mixed flowing stream of an anti-solvent, e.g., by introducing a liquid anti-solvent into a static mixer, and introducing a polymer solution into the mixed flowing anti-solvent stream such that controlled precipitation of polymeric nanoparticles occurs. The nanoparticles can then be separated from the anti-solvent stream.

Abstract: A supported nanofiber medium useful for segregating chemical species is provided by selecting a polymer, selecting a substrate; and electrospinning the polymer to form a nanofiber medium on the supporting substrate. When the substrate is a planar surface, the nanofiber medium will be a mat suitable for conducting chromatographic separation. When the substrate is a filament, the nanofiber medium is an annular mat suitable for solid phase microextraction. The nanofiber media formed may be selectively cross-linked and at least partially carbonized to carbon nanofibers. The nanofiber medium is supported on the substrate without the use of binder material.

Abstract: Provided is a core/multishell semiconductor nanocrystal including a core and multiple shells, which exhibits a type-I band offset and high photoluminescence quantum yield providing a bright tunable emission covering the visible range from about 400 nm to NIR over 1600 nm.

Abstract: Nanocrystalline metal powders comprising tungsten, molybdenum, rhenium or niobium can be synthesized using a combustion reaction. Methods for synthesizing the nanocrystalline metal powders are characterized by forming a combustion synthesis solution by dissolving in water an oxidizer, a fuel, and a base-soluble, ammonium precursor of tungsten, molybdenum, rhenium, or niobium in amounts that yield a soichiometric burn when combusted. The combustion synthesis solution is then heated to a temperature sufficient to substantially remove water and to initiate a self-sustaining combustion reaction. The resulting powder can be subsequently reduced to metal form by heating in a reducing gas environment.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for producing a modified surface (5) comprising: patterning a surface (7) by forming thereon a porous molecular network (9) defined by non-covalent interactions between constituent molecules; and depositing in said porous network (9) and on said patterned surface (11) molecules (13) so as to form a self-assembled monolayer (15), wherein both said patterning and said depositing are effected by contact with liquids.

Abstract: Nanowire and larger, post-based HEMTs, arrays of such HEMTs, and methods for their manufacture are provided. In one embodiment, a HEMT can include a III-N based core-shell structure including a core member (e.g., GaN), a shell member (e.g., AlGaN) surrounding a length of the core member and a two-dimensional electron gas (2-DEG) at the interface therebetween. The core member including a nanowire and/or a post can be disposed over a doped buffer layer and a gate material can be disposed around a portion of the shell member. Exemplary methods for making the nanowire HEMTs and arrays of nanowire HEMTs can include epitaxially forming nanowire(s) and epitaxially forming a shell member from each formed nanowire. Exemplary methods for making the post HEMTs and arrays of post HEMTs can include etching a III-N layer to form II-N post(s) followed by formation of the shell member(s).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing uniform size polymeric nanoparticles containing poorly soluble drugs, and more particularly, to a method for manufacturing uniform size polymeric nanoparticles containing poorly soluble drugs, including a first step of dissolving a biodegradable polymer in a non-volatile polar organic solvent, a second step of adding poorly soluble drugs to water and the biodegradable polymer solution to produce a dispersion, and a third step of adding the dispersion to emulsifier solutions in a batch under the condition of low mechanical energy level stirring.

Abstract: Submicron powders of metal silicon nitrides and metal silicon oxynitrides are synthesized using nanoscale particles of one or more precursor materials using a solid state reaction. For example, nanoscale powders of silicon nitride are useful precursor powders for the synthesis of metal silicon nitride and metal silicon oxynitride submicron powders. Due to the use of the nanoscale precursor materials for the synthesis of the submicron phosphor powders, the product phosphors can have very high internal quantum efficiencies. The phosphor powders can comprise a suitable dopant activator, such as a rare earth metal element dopant.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of metal nanoparticles, selected from the group consisting of lead, bismuth, zinc, antimony, indium, gold, nickel, cobalt, palladium, platinum, iridium, osmium, rhodium, ruthenium, rhenium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, niobium, molybdenum, tungsten, tantalum, cadmium, silver and/or copper, on a rotating body, characterized in that a reduction of corresponding metal salts, corresponding metal salt complexes, corresponding metal hydroxides and/or corresponding metal oxides by polyols having a number of hydroxyl groups in the polyol of 1 to 10 and a molecular weight of the polyols of 2000 to 18 000 Da is effected.

Abstract: Separation of carbon nanotubes or fullerenes according to diameter through non-covalent pi-pi interaction with molecular clips is provided. Molecular clips are prepared by Diels-Alder reaction of polyacenes with a variety of dienophiles. The pi-pi complexes of carbon nanotubes with molecular clips are also used for selective placement of carbon nanotubes and fullerenes on substrates.

Abstract: A process for the production of a microparticle or a nanoparticle of a chemical compound comprising the steps of providing a solution of said chemical compound in a first liquid; providing a second liquid in which said chemical compound is insoluble or substantially insoluble; combining said liquids in a region of high shear thereby causing formation of said particles; and isolating said particles of said compound. The processing time of a coacervation style process can be reduced and the yield can be substantially increased both by control of the precipitation step which allows for desolvation step to be dispensed with leading to significant process time reduction. The invention also provides a molecular mixing unit comprising an outer body defining a mixing zone; a shear means to provide shear liquid in said mixing zone; at least one fluid inlet means for a first liquid; at least one fluid inlet means for a second liquid and a fluid outlet means.

Abstract: The invention disclosed relates to porous carbon of spherical morphology having tuned porosity and to a method of making same, comprising: (a) providing a precursor solution, by combining in an aqueous solution a colloidal silica template material and a water-soluble pyrolyzable carbon source, wherein the particle size of the colloidal silica template and the colloidal silica/carbon source weight ratio are controlled, (b) atomizing the precursor solution into small droplets by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (c) directing the droplets into a high temperature furnace operating at a temperature of 700-1200° C., under an inert gas atmosphere, where the droplets are transformed into solid spherical composite carbon/silica particles, (d) collecting the resulting composite carbon/silica particles exiting from the furnace, and (e) removing the silica from the particles, to provide substantially pure porous carbon of spherical morphology having tuned porosity defined by surface area and pore size.

Abstract: A process for preparing stabilized metal nanoparticles, the process comprising reacting a metal compound with a reducing agent in the presence of a stabilizer in a reaction mixture comprising the metal compound, the reducing agent, and the stabilizer, wherein the reaction mixture is substantially free of solvent, to form a plurality of metal-containing nanoparticles during the solvent-free reduction process with molecules of the stabilizer on the surface of the metal-containing nanoparticles.

Abstract: The invention encompasses a method for making nano-sized particles of water-insoluble pharmaceuticals comprising: (1) dissolving the water-insoluble pharmaceutical in a water-miscible solvent, optionally with water and inactive pharmaceutical ingredients, to make a solution; (2) rapidly mixing the solution with an anti-solvent which creates a high level of supersaturation, wherein the anti-solvent is water with optional inactive pharmaceutical ingredients; (3) simultaneously applying energy to the resulting mixture during the mixing of solution and anti-solvent as nano-sized drug particles precipitate out and form a slurry mixture under supersaturation; and (4) optionally isolating the nano-sized particles of water-insoluble pharmaceuticals from the slurry mixture.

Abstract: The disclosure provides drug delivery methods and compositions. More particularly, the application provides liposomal delivery compositions comprising a nanostructure.

Abstract: A method of realizing selective separation of metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes and semiconducting carbon nanotubes from bundled carbon nanotubes; and obtaining of metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes separated at high purity through the above method. Metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes are dispersed one by one from bundled carbon nanotubes not only by the use of a difference in interaction with amine between metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes and semiconducting carbon nanotubes due to a difference in electrical properties between metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes and semiconducting carbon nanotubes but also by the use of the fact that an amine is an important factor in SWNTs separation. The thus dispersed carbon nanotubes are subjected to centrifugation, thereby attaining separation from non-dispersed semiconducting carbon nanotubes.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for forming devices using nanotubes. In one embodiment, an apparatus for depositing nanotubes onto a workpiece comprises a vessel configured to contain a deposition fluid having a plurality of nanotubes including first nanotubes having a first characteristic and second nanotubes having a second characteristic. The apparatus further includes a sorting unit in the vessel configured to selectively isolate or otherwise sort the first nanotubes from the second nanotubes, and a field unit in the vessel configured to attach the first nanotubes to the workpiece. For example, the field unit can attach the first nanotubes to the workpiece such that the first nanotubes are at least generally parallel to each other and in a desired orientation relative to the workpiece.

Abstract: A method of forming a nanotube grid includes placing a plurality of catalyst nanoparticles on a grid framework, contacting the catalyst nanoparticles with a gas mixture that includes hydrogen and a carbon source in a reaction chamber, forming an activated gas from the gas mixture, heating the grid framework and activated gas, and controlling a growth time to generate a single-wall carbon nanotube array radially about the grid framework. A filter membrane may be produced by this method.

Abstract: In various embodiments, methods for synthesizing single-crystalline zero-valent metal nanorings, such as single-crystalline copper nanorings, are described herein. The methods include providing a solution containing a metal cation, a complexing agent bound to the metal cation, thereby forming a metal complex that is at least partially soluble in the solution, and a reducing agent operable for reducing the metal complex to a zero-valent metal and then heating the solution for a sufficient time and at a sufficient temperature until zero-valent metal nanorings form. The solution may be an aqueous solution in an embodiment. Single-crystalline metal nanorings produced by the methods described herein may have a diameter less than about 100 ?m and a wall thickness between about 10 nm and about 500 nm.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to easily isolable and re-dispersible transition metal nanoparticles, their manufacture and use as IR-absorbers, in particular in transparent thermoplastic or crosslinkable polymers. A further aspect of the invention is a composition of these transition metal nanoparticles and thermoplastic or crosslinkable polymers and an architectural or automotive glazing containing these transition metal nanoparticles.

Abstract: Metal and metal oxide nanoparticles can be prepared via a simple synthesis by using a hydrolysable gallotannin, such as tannic acid, to reduce a metal precursor compound and to act as a stabilizer for the resultant nanoparticles. By controlling the molar ratio of hydrolysable gallotannin to metal precursor and/or the initial pH of the reagents one can achieve control over the size and polydispersity of the resultant nanoparticles. In particular, the controlled addition of a metal precursor into a solution of the hydrolysable gallotannin, as described herein, can yield small nanoparticles, for example 1 nm to 40 nm diameter nanoparticles, with low polydispersity. The methods disclosed herein can be performed at room temperature.

Abstract: This invention describes a process for producing a nanoscale zero-valent metal, including reduction of a metal ion solution with a dithionite compound, wherein the reduction is carried out under alkaline conditions under substantially an inert atmosphere. A nanoscale zero-valent metal obtainable by this process, and having a new crystalline form, is also described. The nanoscale zero-valent metal produced by the process of the invention is preferably iron, and is advantageously used for the remediation of contaminated water.

Abstract: An improved process for synthesising discrete high definition silver nanoparticles in large batch volumes. The method enables the reproducible production of silver nanoparticles having a predetermined size, shape and surface chemistry. The process comprises the steps of forming silver seeds from a reagent comprising, a silver source and a reducing agent; and growing the thus formed silver seeds into silver nanoparticles wherein the step forming silver seeds and/or growing the silver seeds into silver nanoparticles is performed using micro fluidic flow chemistry.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the self-assembly of a spherical-morphology block copolymer into V-shaped grooves of a substrate. Although spherical morphology block copolymers typically form a body-centered cubic system (bcc) sphere array in bulk, the V-shaped grooves promote the formation of a face-centered cubic system (fcc) sphere array that is well ordered. In one embodiment, the (111) planes of the fcc sphere array are parallel to the angled side walls of the V-shaped groove. The (100) plane of the fcc sphere array is parallel to the top surface of the substrate, and may show a square symmetry among adjacent spheres. This square symmetry is unlike the hexagonal symmetry seen in monolayers of spherical domains and is a useful geometry for lithography applications, especially those used in semiconductor applications.

Abstract: A method for removal of heavy metal ions from water including submerging an aquatic plant or dried material thereof in said water and subsequently irradiating the water in which the aquatic plant or dried material has been submerged with microwave irradiation.

Abstract: A method for the non-catalytic growth of nanowires is provided. The method includes a reaction chamber with the chamber having an inlet end, an exit end and capable of being heated to an elevated temperature. A carrier gas with a flow rate is allowed to enter the reaction chamber through the inlet end and exit the chamber through the exit end. Upon passing through the chamber the carrier gas comes into contact with a precursor which is heated within the reaction chamber. A collection substrate placed downstream from the precursor allows for the formation and growth of nanowires thereon without the use of a catalyst. A second embodiment of the present invention is comprised of a reaction chamber, a carrier gas, a precursor target, a laser beam and a collection substrate. The carrier gas with a flow rate and a gas pressure is allowed to enter the reaction chamber through an inlet end and exit the reaction chamber through the exit end.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of making and using and compositions of metal nanoparticles formed by green chemistry synthetic techniques. For example, the present invention relates to metal nanoparticles formed with solutions of plant extracts and use of these metal nanoparticles in removing contaminants from soil and groundwater and other contaminated sites. In some embodiments, the invention comprises methods of making and using compositions of metal nanoparticles formed using green chemistry techniques.

Abstract: Separation of carbon nanotubes or fullerenes according to diameter through non-covalent pi-pi interaction with molecular clips is provided. Molecular clips are prepared by Diels-Alder reaction of polyacenes with a variety of dienophiles. The pi-pi complexes of carbon nanotrubes with molecular clips are also used for selective placement of carbon nanotubes and fullerenes on substrates.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the formation of sublithographic features in a semiconductor structure using self-assembling polymers. The self-assembling polymers are formed in openings in a hard mask, annealed and then etched, followed by etching of the underlying dielectric material. At least one sublithographic feature is formed according to this method. Also disclosed is an intermediate semiconductor structure in which at least one interconnect wiring feature has a dimension that is defined by a self-assembled block copolymer.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for producing chain agglomerations of nano-scale metal particles includes feeding at least one decomposable moiety selected from the group consisting of organometallic compounds, metal complexes, metal coordination compounds and mixtures thereof into a reactor vessel; exposing the decomposable moiety to a source of energy sufficient to decompose the moiety and produce nano-scale metal particles; and deposit or collection of chain agglomerations of nano-scale metal particles.

Abstract: Methods are generally disclosed for synthesis of porous particles from a solution formed from a leaving agent, a surfactant, and a soluble metal salt in a solvent. The surfactant congregates to form a nanoparticle core such that the metal salt forms about the nanoparticle core to form a plurality of nanoparticles. The solution is heated such that the leaving agent forms gas bubbles in the solution, and the plurality of nanoparticles congregate about the gas bubbles to form a porous particle. The porous particles are also generally disclosed and can include a particle shell formed about a core to define an average diameter from about 0.5 ?m to about 50 ?m. The particle shell can be formed from a plurality of nanoparticles having an average diameter of from about 1 nm to about 50 nm and defined by a metal salt formed about a surfactant core.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing metal nanorods includes: a step of adding a reducing agent to a metallic salt solution; a step of radiating light into the metallic salt solution containing the reducing agent; and a step of leaving the light-radiated metallic salt solution containing the reducing agent stationary in a dark place so as to grow metal nanorods. Metal nanorods can be also grown by forming a mixed solution by fractionating the above light-radiated metallic salt solution and mixing the fractionated metallic salt solution into a non-radiated metallic salt solution containing the reducing agent, or mixing a non-radiated metallic salt solution and the reducing agent into the above light-radiated metallic salt solution; and leaving the mixed solution stationary in a dark place so as to grow metal nanorods.

Abstract: Continuous, conducting metal patterns can be formed from metal nanoparticle containing films by exposure to radiation (FIG. 1). The metal patterns can be one, two, or three dimensional and have high resolution resulting in feature sizes in the order of micron down to nanometers Compositions containing the nanoparticles coated with a ligand and further including a dye, a metal salt, and either a matrix or an optional sacrificial donor are also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods of preparing metal oxide nanoparticles are described. The methods involve the thermal decomposition of a metal-carboxylate complex within a continuous, flow-through, tubular reactor. The resulting metal oxide nanoparticles contain iron and can be magnetic, non-agglomerated, crystalline or a combination thereof.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide a method for producing a dispersion of metal nanoparticles which enables to control the shape and the particle diameter over a wide range, a dispersion of metal nanoparticles having superior dispersion stability, and a method for producing the same. In addition, the present invention further aims to provide a dispersion of metal nanoparticles which has a volume resistivity of 2×10?6 to 6×10?6 ?·cm and is suitable for use as an electrically conductive material, and a method for producing the same. Moreover, the present invention further aims to provide a method for synthesizing metal nanoparticles which can produce metal nanoparticles suitable for use as electrically conductive materials by synthesizing the metal nanoparticles from a insoluble metal salt which is free of corrosive materials.

Abstract: The present invention provides high quality monodisperse or substantially monodisperse InAs nanocrystals in the as-prepared state. In some embodiments, the as-prepared substantially monodisperse InAs nanocrystals demonstrate a photoluminescence of between about 700 nm and 1400 nm.

Abstract: The present invention provides metal nanowires containing at least metal nanowires having a diameter of 50 nm or less and a major axis length of 5 ?m or more in an amount of 50% by mass or more in terms of metal amount with respect to total metal particles.

Abstract: Fabrication of refractory metal nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes is disclosed. As an example, a method may include providing a solvent and providing a surfactant having a first surfactant configured to stabilize low oxidation states of a refractory metal and a second surfactant configured to protect refractory metal nanoparticles. The method may further include providing a refractory metal precursor and providing a reactant for reacting with the refractory metal precursor and forming refractory metal nanoparticles. The refractory metal may include rhenium, tungsten, tantalum, or hafnium. The refractory metal nanoparticles may include rhenium, tungsten, tantalum, or hafnium nanoparticles. A carbon nanotube product may include refractory metal nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes, where the refractory metal nanoparticles may include rhenium, tungsten, tantalum, or hafnium nanoparticles.

Abstract: Synthesis of nanoparticles with particle size control is provided by the method of using two different metal-containing precursors, a capping component, an optional reducing agent, and then contacting the two precursors with the capping component to form a reaction solution, which is heated to produce first and second metals-containing nanoparticles. By controlling the ratio of the concentration of the capping component to the total concentration of the two metal-containing precursors, the nanoparticles can have diameters ranging between about 1 nm to about 15 nm. A decrease in the concentration of the capping component typically increases the size of the nanoparticles. Preferred compositions include Pt and Co-containing alloy nanoparticles. Controlled synthesis of larger, about 6 nm to about 12 nm, sized nanoparticles can be achieved in a solvent-free reaction process.

Abstract: The separation of carbon nanotubes into metallic carbon nanotubes and semiconducting carbon nanotubes is made to be possible simultaneously with the dispersion of the carbon nanotubes by using viologen.

Abstract: A producing method includes a preparing step of preparing a chemical compound having at least one of elements of alkali metals and alkali earth metals along with platinum, and a reducing step of reducing the prepared chemical compound with a reducing agent to form platinum nanoparticles.

Abstract: The present invention has an object of providing a single-stage production method that enables the production of ultra fine metal nanoparticles and ordered alloy nanoparticles within solution. The production method includes irradiating a solution of a salt or complex of a metal element, thereby decomposing and/or reducing the salt or complex within the solution and generating metal nanoparticles having an average particle size within a range from 0.3 to 100 nm within the solution.

Abstract: A molecular manipulator includes a light-sensitive molecule, including a double bond, which changes a cis-trans configuration of the double bond in response to illumination by light of a selected wavelength, and a probe, for example, a probe of a scanned-proximity probe microscope, to which the light-sensitive molecule is attached. A method of making the molecular manipulator includes covalently bonding the light-sensitive molecule to the probe. A method of moving a nanostructure includes controllably grasping, moving, and releasing the nanostructure with the molecular manipulator.

Abstract: The invention is a novel photo-induced method for converting large quantities of silver nanospheres into nanoprisms, the nanoprisms formed by this method and applications in which the nanoprisms are useful. Significantly, this light driven process results in a colloid with a unique set of optical properties that directly relate to the nanoprism shape of the particles. Theoretical calculations coupled with experimental observations allow for the assignment of the nanoprism plasmon bands and the first identification of two distinct quadrupole plasmon resonances for a nanoparticle. Finally, unlike the spherical particles from which they derive and which Rayleigh light scatter in the blue, these nanoprisms exhibit-scattering in the red, permitting multicolor diagnostic labels based not only on nanoparticle composition and size but also on shape.

Abstract: To provide a method for producing a silver nanowire, including heating a silver complex in an aqueous solvent at a temperature equal to or below the boiling point of the aqueous solvent in the presence of at least one of a hydroxyketone compound and a hydroxylamine compound, and a silver nanowire obtained by the method.

Abstract: Carbon nanotubes have been reversibly and readily oxidized and reduced with common chemicals in solution, thereby allowing the nanotubes to be used as catalysts for chemical reactions and as stable charge storage devices.