Abstract: THIS INVENTION relates to a method of or system for detecting presence of diamond in an object. The method comprises receiving classification data associated with photons emitted from object as a result of positron annihilation due to irradiation of the object with photons of a predetermined energy at which giant dipole resonance (GDR) occurs due to a nuclear reaction between the photons and carbon. The method then comprises the step of determining whether or not the object is potentially a diamond or diamondiferous by processing the received classification data with a trained machine-based learning classifier. The system typically implements the method described herein.

Abstract: A system and method may utilize holography to facilitate fabrication techniques such as 3D printing and lithography. The system may include a light source, a hologram of an original object or lithographic pattern recorded in a holographic medium, and a target such as a reservoir of photosensitive material or a photosensitive material attached to a substrate. Illuminating the hologram with the appropriate light source may cause a holographic image of the original object or lithographic pattern to form on the photosensitive material within the reservoir or on the substrate. Formation of the holographic image may result in the formation of a new object from the photosensitive material, or may facilitate removal or retention of photosensitive material as part of a lithographic process.

Abstract: A system and method may utilize holography to facilitate fabrication techniques such as 3D printing and lithography. The system may include a light source, a hologram of an original object or lithographic pattern recorded in a holographic medium, and a target such as a reservoir of photosensitive material or a photosensitive material attached to a substrate. Illuminating the hologram with the appropriate light source may cause a holographic image of the original object or lithographic pattern to form on the photosensitive material within the reservoir or on the substrate. Formation of the holographic image may result in the formation of a new object from the photosensitive material, or may facilitate removal or retention of photosensitive material as part of a lithographic process.

Abstract: An apparatus, method and computer-readable medium configured to transport a constituent of fluid sample that binds to a functionalized magnetic particle. The apparatus includes a substrate connected to an input port, a magnetic nanowire, and either a temporally changing magnetic field generator or a spin-polarized current source. The magnetic nanowire is disposed in a surface of the substrate. The width and thickness of the magnetic nanowire are configured so that a domain wall propagating along the nanowire in response to the temporally changing magnetic field continuously couples to a superparamagnetic particle introduced into the input port.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for making carbon nanotube slurry. The method includes the following steps. First, a carbon nanotube array is provided on a substrate, the carbon nanotube array comprises a number of carbon nanotubes. Second, the carbon nanotube array is trimmed by a laser to obtain a trimmed carbon nanotube array comprising a plurality of trimmed carbon nanotubes having uniform lengths. Third, the trimmed carbon nanotube array is removed from the substrate to obtain the trimmed carbon nanotubes. Fourth, the trimmed carbon nanotubes are mixed with an inorganic binder and an organic carrier to obtain the carbon nanotube slurry.

Abstract: Provided is a method of manufacturing a reflective color filter. According to the method, the reflective color filter may reflect light having a desired wavelength by controlling the distance between colloidal particles. The method of manufacturing a reflective color filter may include forming colloidal particles having a charged surface, forming colloidal crystals by controlling distances between the colloidal particles, and forming a photonic crystal composite by fixing the colloidal crystals having the colloidal particles.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of producing a chemically pure and stably dispersed organic nanoparticle colloidal suspension using an ultrafast pulsed laser ablation process. The method comprises irradiating a target of an organic compound material in contact with a poor solvent with ultrashort laser pulses at a high repetition rate and collecting the nanoparticles of the organic compound produced. The method may be implemented with a high repetition rate ultrafast pulsed laser source, an optical system for focusing and moving the pulsed laser beam, an organic compound target in contact with a poor solvent, and a solvent circulating system to cool the laser focal volume and collect the produced nanoparticle products. By controlling various laser parameters, and with optional poor solvent flow movement, the method provides stable colloids of dispersed organic nanoparticles in the poor solvent in the absence of any stabilizing agents.

Abstract: A method of synthesizing transition metal phosphide. In one embodiment, the method has the steps of preparing a transition metal lignosulfonate, mixing the transition metal lignosulfonate with phosphoric acid to form a mixture, and subjecting the mixture to a microwave radiation for a duration of time effective to obtain a transition metal phosphide.

Abstract: A method of making a transparent conductive film includes the steps of: providing a carbon nanotube array. At least one carbon nanotube film extracted from the carbon nanotube array. The carbon nanotube films are stacked on the substrate to form a carbon nanotube film structure. The carbon nanotube film structure is irradiated by a laser beam along a predetermined path to obtain a predetermined pattern. The predetermined pattern is separated from the other portion of the carbon nanotube film, thereby forming the transparent conductive film from the predetermined pattern of the carbon nanotube film.

Abstract: Provided herein is methods of treating a medical implant and methods of using the same.

Abstract: The movement-free bending method means the one of deformation methods for a one- or two-dimensional nanostructures using an ion beam capable of bending and deforming them and furthermore, changing a bending direction without requiring a motion such as a rotation of the nanostructures. The present invention affords a movement-free bending method for deforming the nanostructure 20 having the one-dimensional or two-dimensional shape by irradiating the ion beam 10, wherein a bending direction of the nanostructure 20 is controlled depending on energy of the ion beam 10 or a thickness of the nanostructure 20.

Abstract: The surface of a material is textured and by exposing the surface to pulses from an ultrafast laser. The laser treatment causes pillars to form on the treated surface. These pillars provide for greater light absorption. Texturing and crystallization can be carried out as a single step process. The crystallization of the material provides for higher electric conductivity and changes in optical and electronic properties of the material. The method may be performed in vacuum or a gaseous environment. The gaseous environment may aid in texturing and/or modifying physical and chemical properties of the surfaces. This method may be used on various material surfaces, such as semiconductors, metals and their alloys, ceramics, polymers, glasses, composites, as well as crystalline, nanocrystalline, polycrystalline, microcrystalline, and amorphous phases.

Abstract: A simple method is developed in the present invention for fabricating periodic ripple microstructures on the surface of an ITO film by using single-beam femtosecond laser pulses. The periodic ripple microstructures composed of self-organized nanodots can be directly fabricated through the irradiation of the femtosecond laser, without scanning. The ripple spacing of ˜800 nm, ˜400 nm and ˜200 nm observed in the periodic ripple microstructures can be attributed to the interference between the incident light and the scattering light of the femtosecond laser from the surface of the ITO film. In the present invention, the self-organized dots are formed by the constructive interference formed in the surface of the ITO film, where includes higher energy to break the In—O and Sn—O bonds and then form the In—In bonds. Therefore, the dots have higher surface current greater than other disconstructive regions of the ITO film.

Abstract: Methods for converting graphite oxide into graphene by exposure to electromagnetic radiation are described. As an example, graphene oxide may be rapidly converted into graphene upon exposure to converged sunlight.

Abstract: The disclosure related to a method for making a nanowire structure. First, a free-standing carbon nanotube structure is suspended. Second, a metal layer is coated on a surface of the carbon nanotube structure. The metal layer is oxidized to grow metal oxide nanowires.

Abstract: A polarizer includes a substrate, a carbon nanotube film, and a number of metal particles. The carbon nanotube film is located over the substrate and includes a number of carbon nanotube yarns, each of which comprises a number of substantially parallelly bundled carbon nanotubes. The metal particles are adhered to the carbon nanotubes of the carbon nanotube film.

Abstract: A process of sorting metallic single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) from semiconducting types by disposing the SWNTs in a dilute fluid, exposing the SWNTs to a dipole-inducing magnetic field which induces magnetic dipoles in the SWNTs so that a strength of a dipole depends on a conductivity of the SWNT containing the dipole, orienting the metallic SWNTs, and exposing the SWNTs to a magnetic field with a spatial gradient so that the oriented metallic SWNTs drift in the magnetic field gradient and thereby becomes spatially separated from the semiconducting SWNTs. An apparatus for the process of sorting SWNTs is disclosed.

Abstract: A system and method are disclosed for the precision fabrication of Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS), Nano-Electro-Mechanical Systems (NEMS), Microsytems, Nanosystems, Photonics, 3-D integration, heterogeneous integration, and Nanotechology devices and structures. The disclosed system and method can also be used in any fabrication technology to increase the precision and accuracy of the devices and structures being made compared to conventional means of implementation. A platform holds and moves a substrate to be machined during machining and a plurality of lasers and/or ion beams are provided that are capable of achieving predetermined levels of machining resolution and precision and machining rates for a predetermined application. The plurality of lasers and/or ion beams comprises a plurality of the same type of laser and/or ion beam.

Abstract: The surface of a material is textured and crystallized in a single step by exposing the surface to pulses from an ultrafast laser. The laser treatment causes pillars to form on the treated surface. These pillars provide for greater light absorption. The crystallization of the material provides for higher electric conductivity and changes in optical properties of the material. The method may be performed in a gaseous environment, so that laser assisted chemical etching will aid in the texturing of the surface. This method may be used on various material surfaces, such as semiconductors, metals, ceramics, polymers, and glasses.

Abstract: The movement-free bending method means the one of deformation methods for a one- or two-dimensional nanostructures using an ion beam capable of bending and deforming them and furthermore, changing a bending direction without requiring a motion such as a rotation of the nanostructures. The present invention affords a movement-free bending method for deforming the nanostructure 20 having the one-dimensional or two-dimensional shape by irradiating the ion beam 10, wherein a bending direction of the nanostructure 20 is controlled depending on energy of the ion beam 10 or a thickness of the nanostructure 20.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of fabricating transparent conductive films based on nanomaterials, in particular, silver nanowires. The present invention incorporates a single step of annealing and patterning the conductive films by using a high energy flash lamp without post treatment to improve the conductivity and create substantially invisible patterns on the films for use in touch panel or display manufacturing industry.

Abstract: A photoresist layer is lithographically exposed to form lithographically exposed photoresist regions and lithographically unexposed photoresist regions. The photoresist layer is developed with a non-polar or weakly polar solvent including a dissolved neutral polymer material. A neutral polymer layer is selectively formed on physically exposed surfaces of a hard mask layer underlying the photoresist layer. The neutral polymer layer has a pattern corresponding to the complement of the area of remaining portions of the photoresist layer. The remaining portions of the photoresist layer are then removed with a polar solvent without removing the neutral polymer layer on the hard mask layer. A block copolymer material can be subsequently applied over the neutral polymer, and the neutral polymer layer can guide the alignment of a phase-separated block copolymer material in a directed self-assembly.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a polarizer utilizes a support, which is coated with a photoresist. A carbon nanotube film is located over the photoresist, and one portion of the carbon nanotube film is submerged in the photoresist. Metal or semi-metallic particles are deposited over the carbon nanotube film and the photoresist, which is removed. The carbon nanotube film with the metal particles or semi-metallic particles is adhered to a substrate to obtain the polarizer.

Abstract: A method of preparing thermoelectric material particles, the method comprising: disposing a first electrode and a second electrode in a dielectric liquid medium, wherein the first and second electrodes each comprise a thermoelectric material; applying an electrical potential between the first and second electrodes to cause a spark between the first and second electrodes to provide a vaporized thermoelectric material at a sparking point of at least one of the first and second electrodes; and cooling the vaporized thermoelectric material with the dielectric liquid medium to prepare the thermoelectric material particles.

Abstract: A curable resin composition is provided which uses a fumarate copolymer which is excellent in thermal discoloration resistance as a binder component and is capable of forming details of a color filter. The curable resin composition of the present invention is a photocurable resin composition for forming a protective layer, RGB pixels, a black matrix or a spacer of a color filter, and contains as a binder component a fumarate copolymer having at least a molecular structure wherein a constituent unit represented by the following Formula 1 and a constituent unit having an acidic functional group(s) are linked, preferably further having a constituent unit with an ethylenically unsaturated bond: wherein, each of R1 and R2 is independently a branched C3-8 alkyl group which may be substituted, or a C4-8 cycloalkyl group which may be substituted.

Abstract: A method of formation of nanowires at a surface of a substrate attached to a solid immersion lens. The method includes formation of a catalyst element at the surface of the substrate and growth of nanowires from the catalyst element formed at the surface of the substrate. The catalyst element is a metal nanoparticle and the formation of the catalyst element at the surface of the substrate deposits the metal nanoparticle using a light beam focused by the solid immersion lens at the surface of the substrate.

Abstract: The present invention introduces a new technique allowing the fabrication of high-aspect ratio nanoscale semiconductor structures and local device modifications using FIB technology. The unwanted semiconductor sputtering in the beam tail region prevented by a thin slow-sputter-rate layer which responds much slower and mostly to the high-intensity ion beam center, thus acting as a saturated absorber funnel-like mask for the semiconductor. The protective layer can be deposited locally using FIB, thus enabling this technique for local device modifications, which is impossible using existing technology. Furthermore, such protective layers allow much higher resolution and nanoscale milling can be achieved with very high aspect ratios, e.g. Ti layer results in aspect ratio higher than 10 versus bare semiconductor milling ratio of about 3.

Abstract: A nanogap sensor includes a first layer in which a micropore is formed; a graphene sheet disposed on the first layer and including a nanoelectrode region in which a nanogap is formed, the nanogap aligned with the micropore; a first electrode formed on the grapheme sheet; and a second electrode formed on the graphene sheet, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are connected to respective ends of the nanoelectrode region.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a lithography mask with carbon-based-charging-dissipation (CBCD) layer is disclosed. The method includes providing a substrate, depositing an opaque layer on the substrate, coating a photoresist and depositing a charging dissipation layer on the photoresist. The photoresist is patterned by an electron-beam writing. The CBCD layer is removed during developing the photoresist.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of patterning a layered material. A layered material is provided, and a photoresist layer is formed thereon. The photoresist layer is patterned by a focused laser beam to expose a part of the layered material. The exposed layered material is etched to pattern the layered material.

Abstract: A continuous flow system for the synthesis of nanoparticles includes a feeding unit connected to the first reactor a flow path, at least one first reactor unit possessing a heatable reactor-zone, a second reactor unit which follows the first reactor in the same cascade; a mixing unit and a second feeding unit between the reactor units, and feeding pumps connected to a raw material source and/or a control unit which is capable of controlling at least one pressure controller and/or controlling the temperature of at least one heatable reactor-zone; each heatable reactor-zone is followed by a cooling unit in the cascade. In addition, a process for the synthesis of nanoparticles, preferably metal-containing nanoparticles, and nanoparticles of biologically active organic molecules wherein the process is accomplished using the system.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a polarized color filter wherein a transparent substrate is provided and coated with a photoresist layer. A wave-shaped mask may then be prepared and a periodic wave-shaped surface may be placed in contact with the photoresist layer, treating the photoresist layer with a primary exposure process. An external force may be applied to the wave-shaped mask, and the transparent substrate or wave-shaped mask by be rotated by a predetermined degree. The photoresist layer may be treated with a secondary exposure process, wherein the photoresist layer is developed in order to obtain a photoresist pattern layer. A metal layer may be coated on the transparent substrate with the photoresist pattern layer. The photoresist pattern layer and the portion of the metal layer on the photoresist pattern layer may then be removed such that the remaining metal layer forms a periodic hole substrate.

Abstract: There is provided a method for efficiently manufacturing metal nano particles without condensing laser beams by using a lens etc. In this method, first, metallic foil pieces, which are a starting material, are dispersed in a dispersion liquid. Next, laser beams are irradiated directly to the metallic foil pieces without providing a condensing means, by which many metal fine particles are yielded. The particle diameters of the metal fine particles obtained can be controlled to sizes from nano particles to submicron particles by utilizing the relationship between the shape (especially thickness) of the metallic foil piece which is a starting material and the absorbed energy of the laser beam.

Abstract: The various embodiments herein provide a method of producing silver nanoparticles using an electromagnetic levitation melting process. The method comprises levitating and melting a silver sample using a suitable levitation coil and stabilizing a droplet of molten silver. The silver droplet is heated and levitated simultaneously by an induction furnace as a generator. Argon gas is used to provide the inert atmosphere and also applied to cool and condense the silver vapor into a silver nano powder to obtain a silver nano particle. The synthesized silver nanoparticles are collected by brushing them off the brass cylinder using inert gas and are kept in pure Hexane. The size of the nanoparticles is controlled by rate of cooling and heating temperature. The electromagnetic levitation melting method is applied to provide the high purity of silver nano particles with no vacuum equipments.

Abstract: An RF inductor such as a Tesla antenna splices nanotube ends together to form a nanostructure in a polymer foam matrix. High Internal Phase Emulsion (HIPE) is gently sheared and stretched in a reactor comprising opposed coaxial counter-rotating impellers, which parallel-align polymer chains and also carbon nanotubes mixed with the oil phase. Stretching and forced convection prevent the auto-acceleration effect. Batch and continuous processes are disclosed. In the batch process, a fractal radial array of coherent vortices in the HIPE is preserved when the HIPE polymerizes, and helical nanostructures around these vortices are spliced by microhammering into longer helices. A disk radial filter produced by the batch process has improved radial flux from edge to center due to its area-preserving radial vascular network. In the continuous process, strips of HIPE are pulled from the periphery of the reactor continuously and post-treated by an RF inductor to produce cured conductive foam.

Abstract: A method for sorting carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is disclosed. In one embodiment, a method for sorting CNTs of the present disclosure comprises providing to a surface of a substrate, the surface modified with a trans isomer of photo-isomerization-reactive diazo compound, a dispersion containing a mixture of conducting CNTs and semiconducting CNTs; removing CNTs which are not associated with the modified surface from the surface; and irradiating the modified surface to detach the CNTs associated with the modified surface.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for fabricating an ultra-fine nanowire by combining a trimming process and a mask blocking oxidation process. The ultra-thin nanowire is fabricated by a combination of performing a trimming process on a mask to reduce a width of the mask and blocking an oxidation through the mask. A diameter of the floated ultra-thin nanowire fabricated by the method is controlled to 20 nm below by a thickness of a deposited silicon oxide film, a width of the silicon oxide nanowire after trimming, and a time and a temperature for performing a wet oxidation process. Also, since a speed of the wet oxidation process is faster, the width of the nanowire obtained by a conventional photolithography is reduced faster. Moreover, when fabricating an ultra-thin nanowire by using the method, the cost is reduced and it is more feasible to be implemented.

Abstract: A method of fabricating pillared graphene assembles alternate layers of graphene sheets and fullerenes to form a stable protostructure. Energy is added to the protostructure to break the carbon-carbon bonds at the fullerene-to-graphene attachment points of the protostructure and allow the bonds to reorganize and reform into a stable lower energy unitary pillared graphene nanostructure in which open nanotubes are conjoined between graphene sheets. The attachment points may be functionalized using tether molecules to aid in attachment, and add chemical energy to the system. The arrangement and attachment spacing of the fullerenes may be determined using spacer molecules or an electric potential.

Abstract: A device for generating sprays of charged droplets, and resulting nanoparticles, the device comprising a first needle connected to an electrical potential line to generate a first spray of charged particles from the first needle, and a second needle spaced apart from and facing the first needle, and connected to an electrical line configured to ground the second needle or to apply a voltage to the second needle that is the same polarity as the voltage applied to the first needle. The device also comprising an electric field modifier connected to the first needle, and configured to modify an electrical field to generate a second spray of charged particles from the second needle.

Abstract: First and second anchor features are formed on a substrate via a chromeless photolithography process. An elongated bridging feature is formed between the anchor features on the substrate via the chromeless photolithography process. A distance between the anchor features is sufficient to minimize lateral displacement at a center portion of the bridging feature without significant reduction in mechanical stability of the bridging feature.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the development and fabrication of thin-film polymer nanocomposites containing vertically aligned nanomaterials, such as single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). In certain embodiments, the present invention utilizes liquid crystal mesophases of hexagonally packed cylindrical micelles that orient with their long axes parallel to an applied magnetic field, thereby directing the alignment of the nanomaterials, such as SWNTs, sequestered in the micellar cores. In certain embodiments, the mesophase may be a stable, single-phase material containing monomers that can be polymerized after nanotube alignment to form the nanocomposite polymer.

Abstract: An elongated, chromeless, bridging feature is formed on a photolithography mask with an etching depth that causes a nominal phase difference of more than 180 degrees to energy passing through the photolithography mask. A corresponding photoresist feature is formed using the bridging feature. The phase difference may be chosen to minimize dimensional variation of the corresponding photoresist feature.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing crystalline nanoparticle semiconductor material. The method includes the steps of mixing a precursor in a solvent to form a reaction mixture and subjecting the reaction mixture to microwave dielectric heating at sufficient power to achieve a superheating temperature of the reaction mixture. A growth-phase reaction is permitted to proceed, wherein nanoparticles are formed in the heated reaction mixture. The reaction is then quenched to substantially terminate nanoparticle formation.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a patterned layer is disclosed. Firstly, a semiconductor substrate is provided. Then, a precursory gas on the semiconductor substrate is formed. Finally, a patterned layer on the semiconductor substrate is deposited by reacting the precursory gas with at least one electron beam or at least one ion beam. The present invention not only fabricates a patterned layer on the substrate in a single step but also achieves a high lithographic resolution and avoids remains of contaminations by using the properties of the electron beam or the ion beam and the precursory gas.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a sheet or a fabric with crystalline TiO2 nano-particles includes providing a polymer material as a support, and then synthesizing the crystalline TiO2 nano-particles with immobilizing them on a surface of the support, followed by forming the fabric or the sheet. The fabric is a textile or a nonwoven fabric. A type of the support is a fiber or a sheet type. The synthesizing of the crystalline TiO2 nano-particles is performed by occurring a sol-gel reaction under a microwave irradiation, wherein a TiO2 precursor, water, an alcohol, and an ionic liquid applied in the sol-gel reaction during the synthesizing.

Abstract: A nanofiber manufacturing system in which nanofiber is formed from a raw material liquid by electrostatic explosions in a nanofiber forming space and the formed nanofiber is collected and deposited on a main surface of a base sheet. The system includes: a first dielectric belt having dielectric property; sheet conveying devices for conveying the base sheet in the nanofiber forming space; a sheet contacting device for putting a back surface of the base sheet and a first surface of the first dielectric belt into contact with each other; a dielectric belt driving device for running the first dielectric belt in a conveyance direction of the base sheet within the nanofiber forming space while the first surface is kept in contact with the back surface of the base sheet; and a voltage applying device for applying a voltage to the second surface of the first dielectric belt so that dielectric polarization occurs to the first dielectric belt.

Abstract: There is provided a biosensor for detecting a thiol group and a method of manufacturing the biosensor. In detail, in the method, Au nano particles are manufactured by irradiating radiation (Step 1), a PTh-EDOT/ITO film is manufactured by forming a poly(thiophene-co-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PTh-EDOT) layer on an indium tin oxide (ITO) coated substrate using cyclic voltammetry (CV) (Step 2) (Step 2); and a Au nano particle modified PTh-EDOT/ITO film is manufactured by dispersing the Au nano particles manufactured in Step 1 onto the PTh-EDOT/ITO film manufactured in Step 2 (Step 3).

Abstract: In a method of producing a metal structure by photoreducing metal ion, a substance capable of suppressing growth of metal crystal is added to a medium in which metal ion is dispersed to prevent growth of the metal crystal produced by photoreduction of the metal ion, thereby processing resolution of a metal structure formed of the metal crystal is improved.

Abstract: A light emitting device having a vertical structure and a method for manufacturing the same, which are capable of increasing light extraction efficiency, are disclosed. The method includes forming a light extraction layer on a substrate, forming a plurality of semiconductor layers on the light extraction layer, forming a first electrode on the semiconductor layers, forming a support layer on the first electrode, removing the substrate, and forming a second electrode on a surface from which the substrate is removed.

Abstract: A method of synthesizing a metal oxide nanowire includes the steps of: combining an amount of a transition metal or a transition metal oxide with an amount of an alkali metal compound to produce a mixture; activating a plasma discharge reactor to create a plasma discharge; exposing the mixture to the plasma discharge for a first predetermined time period such that transition metal oxide nanowires are formed; contacting the transition metal oxide nanowires with an acid solution such that an alkali metal ion is exchanged for a hydrogen ion on each of the transition metal oxide nanowires; and exposing the transition metal oxide nanowires to the plasma discharge for a second predetermined time period to thermally anneal the transition metal oxide nanowires. Transition metal oxide nanowires produced using the synthesis methods described herein are also provided.