Abstract: An electro-wetting apparatus includes a liquid having conductivity or polarity and a first electrode and a second electrode that apply voltage to the liquid. The electro-wetting apparatus also includes a dielectric layer provided between the liquid and the first electrode. The electro-wetting apparatus further includes a voltage-applying unit that applies a voltage signal between the first electrode and the second electrode, where the voltage signal is periodically changed between a first voltage of zero (0) volt or more and a second voltage of larger than the first voltage.

Abstract: OPC areas are used for adjusting recording parameters (power and strategy). In an optical disc including two recording layers, the recording power for one recording layer is likely to be influenced by a transmittance variance or the like provided by the recording state of the other recording layer (either already recorded or unrecorded). In addition, recording is performed while changing the power. For these reasons, the OPC areas are located so as not to be at the same radial positions among the recording layers. However, as the number of recording layers is increased, the area size for securing the OPC areas is increased, which may undesirably lead to an increase of the lead-in zone or the lead-out zone (decrease of the user data zone) and a decrease of the OPC area size in each recording layer (decrease of the number of times of usage by the user).

Abstract: A compatible near field optical recording/reproducing apparatus includes a solid immersion lens unit including a first lens, which has an aspherical surface in which light incident from the first light source is condensed, and a second lens, which realizes a high numerical aperture via a near field effect by light condensed by the first lens and has an aspherical surface. An effective beam size-controlling device controls an effective size of a light beam transmitted to the solid immersion lens unit such that either near field light or far field light is transmitted to an information storage medium by the solid immersion lens unit and a focal point adjusting optical system adjusts a focal position of light transmitted to the information storage medium according to the type of the information storage medium.

Abstract: The invention is able to enhance a recording speed. In the invention, a recording mark (RM) composed of a cavity is formed by vaporizing a two-photon absorbing material by a two-photon absorption reaction as an embodiment of a photoreaction against a recording light beam (L1) as recording light to be condensed at the time of recording information. Also, in a recording layer (101), the information is reproduced on the basis of a return light beam (L3) formed by modulation of a readout light beam (L2) irradiated as prescribed readout light at the time of reproducing inform in conformity with the presence of absence of the recording mark (RM).

Abstract: An information recording/reproducing device includes with a recording medium having a recording surface and a probe array in which a plurality of probes are disposed in a direction intersecting at least a track direction for carrying out either the record processing or the reproduction processing of information by scanning a plurality of information tracks in parallel with the track direction along the rack direction on the recording surface. One of the recording medium and the probe array is divided into a plurality of divided portions in the intersecting direction, so that each of them is configured to include at least one information track or probe. The information recording/reproducing device also includes a first driving element for driving each of the plural portions divided in the intersecting direction and a second driving element for driving each of the probe arrays in the track direction with respect to the recording surface.

Abstract: A method for inspecting an optical information storage medium includes the steps of: irradiating the storage medium with a laser beam and rotating the medium by a constant linear velocity control technique by reference to the radial location at which the laser beam forms a spot on the medium; changing the rotational velocities according to the radial location on the medium between at least two linear velocities that include a first linear velocity Lv1 and a second linear velocity Lv2 higher than the first linear velocity Lv1; generating a focus error signal and/or a tracking error signal based on the light reflected from the medium; performing a focus control and/or a tracking control on the laser beam that irradiates the medium based on the focus and/or tracking error signal(s); and passing the branched outputs of control loops for the focus and/or tracking error signal(s) through predetermined types of frequency band-elimination filters for the focus and/or tracking error signal(s) to obtain residual errors

Abstract: A method and apparatus to control a position in which data is to be recorded on a holographic data recording medium by using interference between a reference light and a signal light, the method including: irradiating the reference light and the signal light on the holographic data recording medium; generating a focus error signal that indicates a distance difference between a first focus corresponding to a focus of the reference light on the holographic data recording medium and a second focus corresponding to a focus of the signal light on the holographic data recording medium, based on information about a reflective signal light generated when the irradiated signal light is reflected from a reflective transmission layer of the holographic data recording medium; and moving the second focus to a position of the first focus, based on the focus error signal.

Abstract: An optical information storage medium includes a light transmitting layer, a first information storage layer, an intermediate layer mainly made of resin, a second information storage layer, and a substrate. The light transmitting layer, the first information storage layer, the intermediate layer, the second information storage layer, and the substrate are layered in this order from a reproduction light incident side. Each of the first information storage layer and the second information storage layer includes: a light absorbing film that absorbs reproduction light to generate heat; and a reproduction film that is heated by the heat generated by the light absorbing film so as to reproduce a signal shorter in mark length than a resolution limit of an optical system of a reproducing apparatus.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for reading a Fourier hologram recorded on a holographic storage medium with a holographic storage system. The method comprises the steps of: —calculating a characteristic value from a detected image of a reconstructed Fourier hologram in at least two relative positions of a reference beam and said storage medium, each of the characteristic values being indicative of a misalignment of the reference beam and said storage medium at the respective relative position, —calculating a servo value from the measured characteristic values, —determining an aligned relative position of said reference beam and said storage medium by means of a predetermined servo function using the calculated servo value, —setting the relative position of the reference beam and said storage medium to said aligned relative position, and —detecting an image at said aligned relative position.

Abstract: It is aimed to provide an optical head, an optical disc device and an information processing device capable of suppressing the amount of third-order astigmatism created upon recording or reproducing information on or from a multi-layer optical disc including at least three information recording surfaces.

Abstract: An optical data recording medium, in which irradiation of a light beam is used for recording and/or reproducing data includes (i) a substrate having an a rise and/or a recess which are a light-incident surface, (ii) a reflective layer, provided on the light-incident surface of the substrate, for reflecting the light beam, (iii) a light absorption layer for converting, to heat, a light of the light beam to heat on the surface of the reflective layer, (iv) a reproducing layer, provided on the surface of the heat-light converting layer, having a transmittance that changes in accordance with a light intensity distribution of the light beam. The optical data recording medium is excellent in super-resolution property, and enables reproduction of a shorter mark length.

Abstract: An optical disc apparatus reliably executes a seek operation even if an optical disc is warped. Tilt adjustment values spanning from the inner circumference to the outer circumference of an optical disc are stored. When seeking from a start address to a destination address, a tilt adjustment value A at the start address and a tilt adjustment address C at the destination address are not directly used. A tilt adjustment value k·C (k<1) is used during a coarse seek operation until the neighborhood of the destination address and a tilt adjustment value C is used during a fine seek operation from the neighborhood of the destination address to the destination address.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a recording medium (100) having substrate (220) and markable coating (230). The apparatus also includes a recording/transmitting device including a light source (150) having at least two separate lasers, a unified apochromatic lens structure (148, 200, 300) having at least two separate lenses functioning as one structure, and a light separating means (201, 301). Lens structure (148, 200, 300) and light separating means (201, 301) enable light (152) to a) pass through lens structure (148, 200, 300) with at least two different wavelengths directed to at least two different spots on medium (100), so as to cause a localized change in chemical and/or physical properties to form at least two optically detectable marks (242) in markable coating (230), or b) pass through lens structure (148, 200, 300) with at least two different wavelengths directed to at least two different spots on medium (100), so as to cause at least one optically detectable mark (242) to reflect light (152).

Abstract: Provided is an objective lens for which expressions 0.83<(pM/pL)<1.17 and 0.83<(pM/pT)<1.17 or expressions 0.80<(pM/pL)<1.20 and 0.86<(pM/pT)<1.14 are satisfied, where pL is the ratio of fifth-order spherical aberration to third-order spherical aberration, the spherical aberrations being caused by a difference in the thickness of a cover layer of an optical recording medium, pT is the ratio of fifth-order spherical aberration to third-order spherical aberration, the spherical aberrations being caused by a change in the temperature of an environment of the objective lens, and pM is the ratio of fifth-order spherical aberration to third-order spherical aberration, the spherical aberrations being caused by a change in incident magnification.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel physical structure for a multilayer optical information recording medium including a plurality of information recording layers, and a recording method and a recording/reproduction apparatus for such a recording medium using the same. The multilayer optical information recording medium according to the present invention includes a test recording area for performing test recording for data recording and/or reproduction conditions in at least one of an inner zone and an outer zone. The test recording area is categorized as one of at least two categories of test recording areas (OPC-A area and OPC-B area). In the OPC-B area, an upper limit value is set on a recording power for the test recording.

Abstract: Optical information media having a support substrate and an inorganic nanomaterial data layer are disclosed. The data layer provides enhanced stability and optical performance as compared to conventional data layers.

Abstract: The device comprises a scanning apparatus with a pickup for reading and/or recording data on a storage medium, a holding fixture for providing a parking position for the scanning apparatus, and a magnetic drive actuator for a movement of the scanning apparatus, wherein the holding fixture comprises a heat sink for cooling down the pickup. The scanning apparatus is in particular of a swing arm type and the pickup is an optical pickup comprising a laser diode.

Abstract: A pickup for accessing moving storage media, carrying substantially parallel information tracks, has a carrier, an actuator and suspension elements joining the carrier and the actuator. The actuator has a body and a lens and is movable in a tracking direction and in a focus direction. The suspension elements extend substantially in an information direction orthogonal to the tracking direction and the focus direction and are arranged at opposite sides of the body in the tracking direction, where they are stacked at each side in focus direction. Each suspension element has two parts, where a first part is connected to the carrier and a second part is connected to the body of the actuator. According to the invention, the suspension elements are constituted as suspension wires, where each suspension wire is folded, where the first part and the second part are constituted as a first side and a second side of the folded suspension wire and where the both sides form an acute angle with each other.

Abstract: A method comprising performing a first set of power calibration procedures on an optical record carrier at a first recording speed in a first set of calibration areas and performing a further set of power calibration procedures on the optical record carrier at a recording speed different from the first recording speed, wherein the further set of power calibration procedures partly uses information from the first set of calibration areas is disclosed. The technique is useful in scenarios where the recording is required to be done with more than one speed on the same optical record carrier. The technique reduces the overall power calibration time and increases the number of power calibrations that can be done on the optical record carrier. The technique is useful for data, audio and video recorders.

Abstract: A semiconductor laser driving device is provided with a high frequency superimposing circuit (3) for superimposing a frequency current onto a laser driving current (6) of a semiconductor laser (1) provided in an optical head device; and a high frequency superimposition control circuit (5) which controls the frequency of the high frequency current corresponding to the temperature of the semiconductor laser (1).

Abstract: An optical data store is specified, having a data storage layer with a non-toxic and biodegradable polymer as light-sensitive storage medium which has photo-inducible anisotropy, for the induction of which a threshold value of the optical intensity has to be exceeded. The light-sensitive material is preferably bacteriorhodopsin which, by way of example, is immobilized in a manner embedded in a suitable matrix material or, if appropriate, in a crosslinked manner. The storage medium permits a high storage density and can be applied in a simple manner, for instance by printing onto a substrate.

Abstract: Provided is a highly reliable optical recording head which has a small fluctuation of a quantity of light applied on a recording medium due to temperature. The optical recording head is provided with a light guide section for guiding light applied from a light source, a slider relatively moving to the recording medium, and a light transmitting section, which is arranged on the slider, transmits the light outputted from the light guide section and outputs the light toward the recording medium. The optical recording head is further provided with an adhesive layer, which is sandwiched between the light transmitting section and the light guide section and fixes the positions of the light transmitting section and the light guide section, and an elastic cohesive layer, which is sandwiched between the portions other than the light transmitting section of the slider and the light guide section.

Abstract: An information recording method for a multi-layered optical recording medium that can form information recording layers in 3 layers or more. When all the information recording layers are blank, the information recording layer that is the closest to the light incident surface is irradiated with a laser beam to start recording. High quality information recording is thus implemented in consideration of adherence of foreign matters and occurrence of scratches.

Abstract: A low-cost information recording medium is provided by which good recording quality can be obtained even when high-density is made using a blue laser. The information recording medium on or from which information can be recorded and reproduced by irradiating the recording layer with laser beam is configured so that the content of O atoms is 20 atom % or more but 70 atom % or less, the content of M atoms is 1 atom % or more but 50 atom % or less and the content of Sb atoms is 10 atom % or more but 70 atom % or less when total number of the Sb atoms, the O atoms and the M atoms contained in the recording layer is 100 atom % and the recording layer does not contain Au, Pt and Pd.

Abstract: An optical pickup with a simplified structure in which, according to the type of optical disc, diffracted light from three types of laser light can be directed efficiently onto a photodetector and appropriate focus control can be performed based on the signals detected by the photodetector, and a diffractive optical element that can be used in the optical pickup, which has a semiconductor laser 10 that can emit three types of laser light, a diffractive optical element 42 that diffracts the laser light reflected from the optical disc 31, and a single photodetector 43 that detects the diffracted light exiting the diffractive optical element 42.

Abstract: Provided are a device and a method for identifying whether or not an information recording medium is a pre-formatted disc, and an information recording medium as a pre-formatted disc. In an information processing device that executes recording of data onto a disc, such as a video camera, a process of identifying which one of the following discs a loaded disc is, that is, whether the loaded disc is (a) an unrecorded blank disc, (b) a pre-formatted disc to which a padding process has been applied, or (c) an already-recorded disc, is executed as a process of recognizing the loaded disc. With this configuration, a padding process that needs to be executed during a formatting process or finalizing process in conventional devices becomes unnecessary, thus enabling quick processing without making the user wait during the start of recording or finalizing process.

Abstract: Then, in order to achieve the above-described object, in the optical disk of the present invention, while micro-hologram layers 7 and 8 made of plural layers are provided in an inner portion of a plate body 2 along a thickness direction of the plate body 2, dimensions of micro-holograms 4 along the thickness direction of the plate body 2, which configure the micro-hologram layer 7 formed on the side of one surface of the plate body 2 within the micro-hologram layers 7 and 8 constructed of the plural layers, are made smaller than dimensions of micro-holograms 3 along the thickness direction of the plate body 2, which configure a micro-hologram layer 8 formed on the side of an inner layer of the plate body 2.

Abstract: An optical pickup device is provided with: a light source; an objective lens focusing light from the light source on an information recording surface of an optical recording medium; a lens holder holding the objective lens; and a collision prevention member provided on the lens holder, and preventing collision between the optical recording medium and the objective lens. The collision prevention member is formed with a sheet member, and is disposed on the lens holder so that a side surface, substantially parallel to a thickness direction, of the sheet member faces the information recording surface.

Abstract: An optical head that is restrained from becoming larger, even if it is used for an optical-information recording medium that includes a plurality of information recording layers. In this optical head, a collimating lens is formed by a concave lens disposed on the side of a light source and a convex lens disposed on the side of an objective lens. A collimating-lens actuator moves the convex lens in a direction where a spherical aberration is cancelled which is generated according to the thickness of a light transmission layer up to an information recording layer of the optical-information recording medium. An aperture stop is provided on the side of the collimating lens with respect to the objective lens, and the aperture stop is located near the focal position of the convex lens on the side of the objective lens.

Abstract: The invention performs super resolution reproduction with a recording layer and a signal reproducing functional layer laminated on a grooved substrate. A length of a mark recorded in a Mark Position method is only one length that is less than the resolution limit in an optical system to be used, and recording marks are formed both on a land and in a groove of the grooved substrate.

Abstract: The subject matter is a test device for characterizing a material used in an optical storage medium (10). It comprises a laser source (20) intended to direct an incident laser beam (21) towards the optical storage medium (10), the incident laser beam (21) passing through a focusing objective (22) before reaching the optical storage medium (10) and before being reflected thereat as a reflected laser beam (25). It furthermore comprises a diaphragm (23) for reducing the numerical aperture of the incident laser beam (21) below that of the focusing objective (22), this diaphragm (23) being situated between the laser source (20) and the focusing objective (22) and an interception device (26) for intercepting a cross section of the reflected laser beam (25) after it traverses the focusing objective (22) but before it reaches the diaphragm (23).

Abstract: A plurality of parallel rib prototypes are provided on a flat base plate. A plurality of semiconductor elements are placed in each trench between adjacent ones of the rib prototypes, and a transparent member is bonded to each of the semiconductor elements. Electrode pads of the semiconductor elements are wire bonded to connection electrodes. The trenches are then filled with an encapsulating resin. Thereafter, middle portions, in the longitudinal direction, of the rib prototypes are cut with a dicing saw, and adjacent ones of the semiconductor elements are separated from each other, thereby obtaining semiconductor devices.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an optical system for extracting signal light components from a beam including the signal light components and stray light components. The optical system includes a condensing optical element situated on an optical path of the beam for condensing the beam, a polarization changing unit for changing the state of polarization of at least one of the signal light components and the stray light components included in the incident beam transmitted through the condensing optical element, and an extracting element for extracting the signal light components included in the beam transmitted through the polarization changing unit.

Abstract: A spatial light modulator (SLM) having a phase mask that is provided as an internal component thereof. The phase mask can be provided as a multilevel surface of relatively higher index of refraction material on an inner surface of a transmissive cover window or as a separate transmissive window between the cover window and the pixels of the SLM. If the phase mask is to be used with a liquid crystal SLM, then it may be desirable to planarize the surface of the cover window contacting the liquid crystal by providing a layer of relatively lower index of refraction material adjacent the multilevel surface. The phase mask can also be provided on the transmissive cover window by patterned ion deposition, exposing patterned light to a photopolymeric material, or in some other suitable fashion. Arranging for the pixel electrodes to be at one of multiple levels rather than lying in an exactly planar relationship can also effectively create the phase mask.

Abstract: A laser beam emitted from a laser light source is divided into two laser beams, a 2-dimensional spatial modulation is performed to one of the two divided laser beams based on recording information, the modulated laser beam is projected as signal light onto a recording medium, the other laser beam is projected as reference light onto the recording medium, and the recording information is recorded onto the recording medium. The recording information recorded on the recording medium is reproduced based on the laser beam transmitted through or reflected by the recording medium. An optical system includes: a rotatable mirror portion for guiding the reference light to the recording medium at an angle according to the direction of its reflecting surface; a vibration proofing member coupled with a rear surface of the mirror portion; and a driving mechanism which decides an angle position of the mirror portion and is coupled with the mirror portion.

Abstract: In spindle motors journaled on fluid-dynamic-pressure bearings, especially in such spindle motors employed in recording-disk drives in implementations that subject the drives to vibration and shock, sealing performance of a capillary seal formed between motor rotor-side and stator-side bearing surfaces, cohesiveness of oil-repellant on rotor-side/stator-side dry-area surfaces adjoining the capillary seal section, and motor inter-component adhesive strength are improved. The capillary-seal-constituting rotor-side/stator-side surface(s) are exposed to a plasma or to ultraviolet rays under predetermined conditions to improve the wettability of the surface(s) for the bearing fluid. The dry-area surface(s) are similarly irradiated so as to improve their wettability for the oil-repellant. Adhesively bonded component surfaces are likewise irradiated so as to improve their wettability for the adhesive, enhancing adhesive strength.

Abstract: An optical disc discriminating method and an optical disc discriminating apparatus which can discriminate a type of optical disc with a simple configuration, causes a drive means to vary an incident angle of a laser light beam with respect to an optical disc while irradiating the optical disc with the laser light beam from a light beam generating section, causes a photodetector to detect a diffraction light of the laser light beam from a recording track of the optical disc, detects a value corresponding to the incident angle when the diffraction light is detected, and discriminates the type of the optical disc on the basis of the detected value.

Abstract: Analog components whose characteristics greatly differ from one another are removed as much as possible from an optical disc drive. Provided are means 38, 39 for changing the sampling frequency of a pulsed read signal to a different frequency, means 40, 41 for changing the modulation clock frequency by the same ratio as the sampling frequency, and means for automatically setting the sampling frequency changing means and the modulation clock changing means based on the channel clock.

Abstract: A lens system includes a lens (18) and a non-periodic phase structure (16). A temperature-dependence of the spherical aberration of the lens is compensated by a temperature dependence of the spherical aberration of the non-periodic phase structure. A wavelength-dependence of the defocus of the lens is compensated by a wavelength-dependence of the defocus of the non-periodic phase structure. A wavelength-dependence of the spherical aberration of the non-periodic phase structure is compensated by a wavelength-dependence of the spherical aberration of the lens.

Abstract: A media (e.g., Blu-Ray) first content package includes a link to an application for sending second content to a remote device, especially a mobile telephone. The application is included in the first content. The second content is not included in the first content. The application presents a list of second content choices, selectable by a user. The application receives a destination address for the second content from user input and sends the destination address to a second content server. The second content server contacts the remote device having the indicated destination address, and confirms that receipt of second content will be accepted. Upon receiving confirmation, the second content server transmits the second content to the remote device. The technology may be used to provide content to mobile devices, such as mobile phones, in association with distributed media such as Blu-Ray discs configured for being played by a media player.

Abstract: An information signal area on an information signal recording surface is provided as pits on a mirror in accordance with modulated information data, and is covered with a metal alloy reflective film. Sections that do not include pits corresponding to the information data are provided in the information signal area, and portions of the metal alloy reflective film on the sections are formed as perforated marks corresponding to the information data. In this case, the reproduction signal amplification level of a prepit signal and the reproduction signal amplitude level of a perforated mark signal can be obtained as substantially equal values by adjusting the depth and width of pits and/or adjusting the width and length of perforated marks. Hence, waveform distortion due to a waveform equalization circuit and variations in binary signals due to displacement of the slice level are reduced so that signals can be stably and reliably detected with the same reading apparatus.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for performing track-seeking in an optical disk drive. In one embodiment, the optical disk drive is about to perform a series of operations comprising a plurality of prior operations and a track-seeking operation, and the track-seeking operation is divided into a pre-seek procedure and a true-seek procedure. First, a microprocessor of the optical disk drive performs the prior operations. Whether the microprocessor is unoccupied is then detected before performing the prior operations is completed. When the microprocessor is detected to be unoccupied, the microprocessor performs the pre-seek procedure. The true-seek procedure is then performed according to results of the pre-seek procedure to move the pick-up head to a destination address of an optical disk.

Abstract: A recording and reading system for a multi-layered optical recording medium includes: a multi-layered optical recording medium including a plurality of recording layers and a single servo layer; and an optical head. The optical head includes a recording and reading objective lens of a signal recording and reading optical system and a servo objective lens of a servo signal detection optical system that are disposed on a common actuator. The recording and reading objective lens is mounted on the common actuator through a minute-drive apparatus so as to be minutely driven in a focusing direction relative to the servo objective lens. When the servo objective lens is focused on the servo layer, a reading light beam is quickly focused on a target one of the plurality of recording layers.

Abstract: A method for reading/writing data of a disk drive that includes a spindle motor for rotating a disk and a head for reading/writing data from and to the disk. The method includes the steps of; (i) adjusting a position of the head for the first time to space apart the head from a center of the disk at a specific distance, wherein when the head is spaced apart from the center of the disk at the specific distance, the disk vibrates at the minimum magnitude during raising operation of the spindle motor from a low speed to a high speed; (ii) raising the spindle motor from the low speed to the high speed; and (iii) adjusting a position of the head for the second time to move the head to a desired track in the disk for reading/writing data in the desired track.

Abstract: An optical pickup apparatus changes a propagation direction of luminous fluxes, out of a laser light reflected by a disc, in four luminous flux regions set about a laser optical axis so as to mutually disperse these luminous fluxes. A signal light region in which only a signal light is present appears on a detection surface of a photodetector. A plurality of sensors for a signal light are placed at positions irradiated with the signal light within the region. When an arithmetic process is performed on a detection signal outputted from each sensor, a DC component occurring in a tracking error signal is suppressed.

Abstract: A simple circuit configuration allows an optical disc apparatus to reduce a problem of sound skips occurring due to damage on an optical disc. To this end, an LPF extracts a low-frequency component from a tracking actuator drive signal obtained by a tracking actuator driver. When the optical disc apparatus reads and writes information to and from the optical disc, a sled drive signal supplier outputs a sled pulse signal, as a drive signal for a sled motor, for a set-up predetermined time within each interval of a predetermined length, the sled pulse signal having a level corresponding to a level of the low-frequency component obtained by the LPF. On the other occasions, the sled drive signal supplier outputs the low-frequency component obtained by the LPF as the drive signal for the sled motor.

Abstract: A method for producing a semiconductor laser having an edge window structure includes the steps of forming masks of insulating films on a nitride-based III-V compound semiconductor substrate including first regions and second regions periodically arranged in parallel therebetween; and growing a nitride-based III-V compound semiconductor layer in a region not covered by the masks. The first region between each two adjacent second regions has two or more positions, symmetrical with respect to a center line thereof, where laser stripes are to be formed. The masks are formed on one or both sides of each of the positions where the laser stripes are to be formed at least near a position where edge window structures are to be formed such that the masks are symmetrical with respect to the center line. The nitride-based III-V compound semiconductor layer includes an active layer containing at least indium and gallium.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a first circuit and a second circuit. The first circuit may be configured to generate status signals and an error signal in response to accessing a storage medium. The error signal provides a first value based on an accuracy of accessing the storage medium. The second circuit may be configured to offset the first value of the error signal to a second value to increase the accuracy of accessing said storage medium. The status signals include one or more of a data signal and a differential signal. In a first mode, an offset signal is generated in response to the data signal. In a second mode, the offset signal is generated in response to the differential signal.

Abstract: An apparatus for recording information in an optical-information recording media by holography includes a signal-light irradiation unit, a reference-light irradiation unit, a reference light angle adjustment unit, and a positioning unit for positioning irradiation positions of the signal light and the reference light. The optical-information recording media is divided into N (N?2) recording regions, M multiplexed information can be recorded in the respective recording regions by the reference light angle adjustment unit which changes the angle of the reference light at M angles (?1, ?2, . . . , and ?M) corresponding to a multiplexing number (M?2), management information for the M multiplexed information is multiplexed and recorded in the same recording region as a-th information (1?a?M) with a reference light angle ?a, and the management information on all the N recording regions are recorded at a common reference light angle.

Abstract: An optical information recording/reproducing apparatus equipped with a mechanism for moving an optical pickup to an arbitrary radial position of an optical information recording medium using holography. A total sum signal of signals is generated at the photodetector for receiving signals reproduced from the optical information recording medium, and a radial position of the pickup is obtained from the number of pulses in the total sum signal to thereby allow the pickup to move to an arbitrary radial position.