Abstract: It is known that a vehicle speed reference signal suitable for slip control can be obtained by fully releasing the braking force at one or more vehicle wheels intermittently and to obtain the true vehicle speed from the signal provided by the free-rotating wheels. However, this technique results in the stopping distance of the vehicle being longer than desired since the braking effectiveness is considerably reduced. To avoid this disadvantage, the present invention compares a speed reference signal cyclically with the instantaneous velocity signals of the wheels and to weight the comparison result dependent on whether the instantaneous velocity signal comes from a driven wheel or a non-driven wheel. The weighted comparison result provides a correcting factor for the speed reference signal.

Abstract: An adjustable brake-actuating device of the spindle and nut type eliminating need of an adjusting thread includes an actuating nut driven by an actuating lever through a one-way clutch, which opens during the release stroke of the lever, and a clutch-spring encircling the actuating nut to limit the release movement of the actuating nut to an amount corresponding to the desired brake pad clearance.

Abstract: Th collapsible mandrel includes a core upon which the coil is wound removably secured to a pair of spaced parallel flanges. The core includes a pair of hollow, partially semicircular members each having an arc length less than 180.degree. and a pair of transition members each disposed to fill a different one of two spaced gaps between the pair of hollow members. Each of the hollow members has a plurality of spaced grooves on the outer surface thereof substantially parallel to the pair of flanges to receive the material which is to be wound to provide the coil. A shaft is disposed coaxially of the axis of the core extending between the pair of flanges internally of the core. The shaft includes an arrangement to releasably lock the core and the pair of flanges into an integral unit when the coil is being wound. Upon completion of the winding of the coil, the shaft and the pair of flanges are unlocked and removed.

Abstract: Dual-circuit pressure control valves are known in which the control pistons are acted upon by a common control force. A preload distributor constructed as beams of balance to compensate for differences in the control behavior of the two control valves due to manufacturing tolerances have not provided the desired compensation. Therefore, according to the present invention an improved compensation arrangement is provided in the form of a compensating piston which is subjected to the outlet pressures of the two brake circuits.

Abstract: An arrangement enabling continuous control of vehicles on a track divided into individual areas comprises at least one track-conductor loop associated with the track in each of the areas having N transpositions therein, where N is an integer greater than two, the loop communicating data between the vehicles and a fixed control station by being coupled at opposite ends thereof to a different one of two supply units coupled to the control station and by being inductively coupled to communicating equipment on the vehicles. The one loop further comprises coupling elements disposed intermediate adjacent ones of the N transpositions to subdivide the loop into N track-conductor loops.

Abstract: Known brake actuating devices include a pressure source and a valve arrangement operated by a brake pedal with the pressure fluid being fed by the valve arrangement to a control chamber which has as one of its boundaries a pressure piston acting on a master cylinder piston. The pressure piston of the known device is operated mechanically by the brake pedal upon failure of the pressure fluid supply. However, the brake pedal travel is increased in so doing. According to the present invention the control chamber has a second piston forming a boundary thereof opposite the pressure piston which keeps a pressure fluid channel open between the control chamber and the valve arrangement in the normal operating condition and closes the pressure fluid channel during failure of the pressure fluid supply so that the pressure piston is operated by the second piston without any appreciable increase in brake pedal travel.

Abstract: Hydraulic brake systems are known which include master cylinders, wheel brake cylinders and wheel slip control apparatus in which a fluid flow from a fluid source to the pressure chamber of the master cylinder is controlled by a valve device. The wheel slip control apparatus controls valves and modulates the pressure in the associated wheel brake cylinder in the event of an imminent locked condition of a wheel. In the known systems the cup seal of the master cylinder is subjected to excessive loads and, moreover, it is not possible to determine if the cup seal leaks.

Abstract: The stress-induced birefringent single mode optical fiber includes an optical core having a high refractive index and a high thermal expansion coefficient. An arrangement formed from an optical material having a low refractive index and a low thermal expansion coefficient is disposed to engage the outer surface of the core tangentially at opposite ends of a diameter of the core to establish a stress therein. Air encompasses the remainder of the outer surface of the core to provide a light guiding cladding for the core and, hence, the fiber itself. The arrangement to establish the stress may include a pair of flat plates engaging the outer surface of the core tangentially which are entrapped in a circular tube which is concentric with the core such that air is entrapped between the plates and the circular tube to provide the light guiding cladding.

Abstract: A considerable reduction in weight of a brake booster is achieved in relation to conventional brake boosters by disposing a tube or pipe coaxially in the vacuum housing and connected to both end walls of the vacuum housing. According to the present invention the overall length of brake booster is reduced and the assembly thereof is easier. This is accomplished by constructing the force transmitting elements between the movable wall and the control housing as ring segments which are rigidly fastened to the movable wall on the vacuum chamber side thereof and engage radial indentations at the adjacent end of the control housing.

Abstract: The sliding guide for a floating caliper disc brake comprises, at one side of the brake disc, two axially extending pins secured to the brake support and projecting through elastic bushings inserted in guide holes in the brake caliper and, at the other side of the disc, there are provided projections at the ends of the brake support arms extending over the edge of the disc, one projection holding the caliper radially outwardly and the other projection holding the caliper radially inwardly. Thus, the caliper is guided in a definite position without jamming.

Abstract: With a known brake pressure control valve for a dual-circuit brake system, a tilting lever device is provided for the distribution of the preloading force on the control pistons, which increases the change-over point of the brake circuit in operation when the other brake circuit fails. This tilting lever device is complicated in construction and assembly and is not safe in its operation. Therefore, in accordance with the present invention the device for distributing the preloading force comprises two tops each of which is fixed to a different one of the two control pistons. The tops have supporting surfaces on which the preloading device abuts. The adjacent areas of the tops are meshed in such a way that the supporting surfaces of each top extend beyond the median plane located between the control pistons.

Abstract: A vacuum envelope having a longitudinal axis and a light input faceplate disposed coaxial of the axis and at one end of the tube includes therein coaxially of the axis adjacent the faceplate a photocathode which is responsive to an optical pulse train to emit electrons in the envelope in a direct proportion to incident photon flux of the optical pulse train. Electric field deflection plates are disposed within the envelope and spaced along the longitudinal axis from the photocathode toward the other end of the tube to produce an electric field perpendicular to the longitudinal axis to deflect the electrons. A readout device is disposed within the envelope and coaxial of the axis at the other end of the tube to provide a readout for the tube. A magnetic focusing device is disposed externally of the envelope and coaxial with the longitudinal axis to provide a magnetic field within the envelope perpendicular to the electric field to focus the electrons on the readout device. Several embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: The actuating device comprises an actuating nut and spindle combination disposed in a brake piston, the spindle being rotated by an actuating lever and the nut having an outer thread engaging an inner thread of the brake piston thereby providing a brake pad clearance adjusting device. The brake piston is rotatably connected to the spindle via a one-way clutch for progressively screwing the brake piston out of the nut to compensate for brake pad wear. The one-way clutch is connected to the spindle by a rod extending through an axial bore in the spindle enabling the clutch to be unlocked from the outside of the actuating device for resetting the brake piston when worn brake shoes are being replaced.

Abstract: In the brake booster known in the prior art, the partition wall comprises a metal disc supported by a control hub made of a plastic material. The force exerted on the partition wall is transmitted through the hub to a force transmitting member actuating a master brake cylinder. According to the present invention the hub is composed of a metal sleeve transmitting the forces and a guiding neck of plastic material including all air guiding channels of the control valve disposed therein. This guiding neck can be manufactured much easier and can be made of a plastic material of just sufficient strength to meet the reduced force transmitting requirements.

Abstract: In known brake pressure control units having two pressure control valves arranged in parallel, a tipping lever arrangement is provided for the distribution of the preload force provided by a spring to the control valves which in the event of a failure of one brake circuit will increase the change-over point of the intack brake circuit. This tipping lever arrangement is complicated. Therefore, a brake pressure control unit having two pressure control valves arranged in parallel is disclosed in which the arrangement for the distribution of the preload force comprises a piston tiltable within limits which piston is subjected to the spring force and is directly operatively connected with ends of the two control pistons.

Abstract: To reduce the overall weight of a vacuum brake booster, the booster housing is provided with an axially extending central tube connecting the end walls of the housing in order to transmit the occurring axial forces. Two separate pistons are provided, a differential pressure piston surrounding the tube and a control valve piston disposed in the bore of the tube. Both pistons are connected with one another by radial pins extending through axial slots in the tube. The differential pressure piston is sealed by a diaphragm which progressively covers the slots when this piston moves in an operational direction. This arrangement reduces the axial length of the booster housing.

Abstract: The valve includes an input port and two output ports and an arrangement to cause fluid pulses to appear at the output ports as a result of the appearance of fluid pulses alternately at the inlet port. The fluid pulses fed to the inlet port directly appears at the outlet ports and directly causes the valve to pass at least through three successive positions for every two successive pulses at the inlet port. This valve controls the operation of a pneumatic control circuit of a wire cutting, skinning and wrapping tool which is mounted in the handgrip of the tool.

Abstract: The floating caliper-spot-type disc brake comprises two axially extending guide pins screwed into a threaded hole in the brake support. The ends of the pins which project over the edge of the brake disc support the brake shoes on both sides of the brake disc and abut upon arms of the brake support disposed parallel to the pins. The ends of the pins extending away from the brake disc extend into guide bore in the brake caliper forming an axial guide for the caliper. This disc brake requires little space between the wheel and brake disc and can be easily manufactured and easily assembled on the vehicle in which it is to be employed. Also brake shoe replacement is relatively easy.

Abstract: The disclosed valve device includes first, second and third user ports. A pressure accumulator connects with the first user port. With the accumulator fully charged, a pressure port connected to a pump communicates with the second user port. With the accumulator evacuated, the pressure port communicates with the first user port. In the event of a fluid demand at the third user port, the pressure port will be connected to the third user via a control valve. The control valve is a non-return valve in a channel connecting the first user port to the third user port, which opens under influence of a pressure in the first user port.

Abstract: The brake booster comprises a working piston for activation of a master cylinder piston and a transmitting piston having a greater diameter than the working piston in a tandem relationship with the working piston. A transmission pressure chamber is disposed between adjacent ends of the working piston and the transmission piston and a first valve arrangement is provided to load the transmission pressure chamber with pressure fluid or to relieve this chamber of pressure. A drive or actuating pressure chamber is disposed adjacent the other end of the transmission piston and a second valve arrangement is provided to load the drive pressure chamber with pressure fluid or to relieve this chamber of pressure. The first and second valve arrangements are controlled by the brake pedal and constructed in such a way that when the brake pedal is initially operated the brake pedal and the pistons come to a stop until all idle paths have been travelled.