Abstract: A retardation film made of a polymerized liquid crystal material of the present invention includes: a first region having a first flat surface pattern; and a second region having a second flat surface pattern, wherein a thickness in the first region is different from that in the second region, thereby retardations in the first region and in the second region are different from each other.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a multi-layer packaging film comprising an intermediate layer having at least one outer layer on both surfaces of the intermediate layer, and having the thickness of not more than 40 &mgr;m, said outer layer comprising a polyolefin resin, said intermediate layer comprising a polytetramethylene terephthalate resin obtained by copolymerizing polytetramethylene oxide glycol having a number-average molecular weight of 300 to 5,000 and having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.7 to 2.0, a melting point of 200 to 228° C. and a crystallization temperature of not higher than 180° C., and the thickness of said intermediate layer being 20 to 80% of the thickness of the multi-layer film.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes: a liquid crystal cell including homeotropic alignment films which are provided on substrates interposing an N-type nematic liquid crystal layer on the liquid crystal layer side; a pair of polarizing plates provided so as to interpose the liquid crystal cell; and a phase difference compensation element provided between at least one of the pair of polarizing plates and the liquid crystal cell, wherein one principal axis of three principal axes of an index ellipsoid of the phase difference compensation element is inclined from a normal to a surface of the liquid crystal cell, and a refractive index along the one principal axis is smaller than a refractive index along another principal axis.

Abstract: There is provided a heating element and an arrangement of heating elements, respectively, for heating crucibles, in particular for LEC devices for growing semiconductor single crystals, with a tulip-shaped bottom heater (20) being built such that the heater legs of the main heater (40) positioned thereabove can barely be guided towards the bottom. Such arrangement of bottom and main heater enables multi-heater arrangements without having to interfere with a lateral insulation (18) which, thus, need not be cut out or pierced.

Abstract: The invention relates to a bainitically hardened brake disk comprising at least one ring-shaped cast disk (1) body with radially extending ring sections in contact with brake shoes (2). Said brake disk is mounted on the hub of a bicycle wheel (5) for braking purposes. In order to avoid noise emissions and vibrations, the inventive disk is made of cast iron, is highly tough and has a low weight. The aim is to avoid the disadvantages of combining disk brakes with an aluminium wheel hub. The inventive disk is characterized in that it has a thoroughly bainitically hardened body (1) made of cast iron with lamellar graphite (AGI), the brake disk is designed as a single piece and is linked to the wheel hub (5) through composite casting by forming a positive material fitting joint (15) in the area where the hub (5) is connected to the base (3) of the disk.

Abstract: New tropane analogs that bind to monoamine transporters are described, particularly, 8-aza, 8carbo and 8-oxo tropanes having 6- or 7-substituents. The compounds of the present invention can be racemic, pure R-enantiomers, or pure S-enantiomers. Certain preferred compounds of the present invention have a high selectivity for the DAT versus the SERT. Also described are pharmaceutical therapeutic compositions comprising the compounds formulated in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and a method for inhibiting 5-hydroxy-tryptamine reuptake of a monoamine transporter by contacting the monoamine transporter with a 5-hydroxytryptamine reuptake inhibiting amount of a compound of the present invention. Preferred monoamine transporters for the practice of the present invention include the dopamine transporter, the serotonin transporter and the norepinephrine transporter.

Abstract: A reflective type liquid crystal display device in accordance with the present invention includes a reflector film having excellent polarization preservation properties and an anisotropic diffusing film for diffusing only the light polarized in a particular direction. The anisotropic diffusing film is composed of a complex of liquid crystal and a polymer and selectively diffuses incident light. If a liquid crystal layer composed of dichroic dye and liquid crystal is employed, it becomes possible to carry out high contrast display with the anisotropic diffusing film and the reflector film and to prevent reflections of nearby objects appearing on the screen.

Abstract: An operating apparatus comprises an operating table with an operating support post, an operating table top and means for detachably fastening said operating table top to said operating support post, an anesthesis station and an examining station located at a distance from said operating support post and comprising an examining support post for receiving said operating table top. An overhead rail extends above said operating table and said examining station, and an overhead conveyor comprising means for carrying said operating table top is mounted on said overhead rail for movement therealong from a first position above said operating support post to a second position above said examining station. An overhead support carrying said anesthesis station is also mounted on said overhead rail for movement therealong. First coupling means are provided on said overhead conveyor and second coupling means are provided on said overhead support.

Abstract: Cyclic pentapeptides having a &ggr;-turn and a &bgr;-turn wherein the cyclic pentapeptide has the following formula (I): Cyclo(—A1—A2—A3—A4—A5—)  (I) wherein A1, A2, A3, A4 and A5 are amino acid residues; said pentapeptide having amino acid residues in positions 1-2-3 to form a &ggr;-turn, and amino acid residues in positions 3-4-5-1 to form a &bgr;-turn in combination with the &ggr;-turn; in which D-&agr;-amino acid residues are selected for A1, A3 and A5 and L-&agr;-amino acid residues are selected for A2 and A4 or wherein L-&agr;-amino acid residues are selected for A1, A3 and A5 and D-&agr;-amino acid residues are selected for A2 and A4; are provided.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device is provided, in which a liquid crystal layer made of liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy is provided in a gap between a pair of substrates each having an electrode, wall-shaped convex portions are provided so as to surround display pixels on at least one of the substrates, a homeotropic alignment film is provided on a surface of each of the substrates contacting the liquid crystal layer, liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer are aligned substantially in a direction perpendicular to the pair of substrates when a voltage is not applied, and the liquid crystal molecules are axially symmetrically aligned in each of the display pixels formed by opposing portions of the electrodes when a voltage is applied. In this device, the gap between the substrates is maintained by spacers dispersed on one of the substrates after the alignment film is formed, and the number of spacers in each of the display pixels is zero or one.

Abstract: A developing device and a blade of the developing device, includes a contact section which is in plane contact with a development roller, and an inclined section which extends from an end of the contact section so as to form a flare at an inflow section of a one-component developer between the blade and development roller. When a flare angle between the blade having the flare and a line tangent to the development roller is denoted by a tilt angle &thgr;, 30°≦&thgr;≦90°. Thus, if the flare angle at the inflow section of the one-component developer between the blade and development roller is optimized, even when the one-component developer deteriorates with time, for example, the flowability is changed with time, it is possible to provide a developing device and a blade of the developing device capable of forming a one-component developer layer with an extremely stable deposit of one-component developer.

Abstract: An adjustable golf ball tee has a base embedded under a commercial mat and an adjustable support unit placed perpendicularly within the base through the aperture in the center of the base. The adjustable support unit comprises vertical ribs to absorb shock at impact from a golf club. A second support unit also capable of being adjusted in height is placed within the first unit. The lower end of the second unit has an arrowhead structure slightly larger than the width of the aperture of the first unit to prevent its disassociation from the first unit. The top end of the second unit has a concave structure in order to accommodate a golf ball. The first unit can be adjusted to a height beyond the top of the base. The second unit can be adjusted in height beyond the top of the first unit. The adjustable golf tee is made of synthetic material such as rubber or of thermoplastic material, which will endure repeated striking with a golf club.

Abstract: Disclosed are a P-type GaAs single crystal having an average dislocation density of 500 cm−2 or lower, and a manufacturing method therefor. The P-type GaAs single crystal is characterized by containing, as dopants, Si at an atomic concentration of from 1×1017 to 1×1019 cm−3 and Zn at an atomic concentration of from 2×1018 to 6×1019 cm−3. Further, as another example, B is contained at an atomic concentration of from 1×1017 to 1×1020 cm−3.

Abstract: In an image-forming section, a communication device is attached to the top surface of a developing cartridge that is detachably attached to a developing device, and a main body side communication device is attached to a copying machine main body in a manner so as to face the top portion of the communication device. When a loading operation of the developing cartridge to the copying machine main body is carried out, the main body side communication device detects this operation, and sends an electric wave for an electrical supply to the developing cartridge. The communication device transmits individual information of the developing cartridge by means of radio waves, and the main body side communication device receives, demodulates and reads this information. Based upon the results thereof, it makes a judgment as to conformity and suitability of the developing cartridge, and displays the results of the judgement or gives a warning as to the results.

Abstract: A Ni film for a ground metal film is formed on an insulating substrate by direct current magnetron sputtering process, which prevents occurrence of minute protrusions on a surface of the ground metal film. Next, a Ni film is patterned into a specified interconnection form to obtain a patterned Ni film. Then, an anti-corrosive Au film having low resistance is formed on the patterned Ni film by electroless plating process. Further, an inexpensive Cu film having low resistance is formed on the Au film by electroplating process.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for generating and displaying undistorted images of a field of view containing undesirable motion and/or time varying magnetic field inhomogeneities, uses a time series of magnetic resonance (MR) image signals, corresponding to a time series of MR images, generated by a single-shot imaging technique without shot-to-shot phase encoding. Signals are stored and analyzed to identify missing and/or deteriorated images (including image portions, image lines or image line segments). Identified missing and/or deteriorated images are compensated for by replacement, repair or otherwise. MR image signals representative of a specified time series are selected. Then, selected signals of corresponding portions of the field of view are averaged. The invention may be used to present: a continuously updated time series of images; a time series of images with only a specified portions of the image updated in each display; or an entire time series of images re-created in any desired sequence.

Abstract: An integrated system for comprehensive control of an electric power generation system utilizes state machine control having particularly defined control states and permitted control state transitions. In this way, accurate, dependable and safe control of the electric power generation system is provided. Several of these control states may be utilized in conjunction with a utility outage ride-through technique that compensates for a utility outage by predictably controlling the system to bring the system off-line and to bring the system back on-line when the utility returns. Furthermore, a line synchronization technique synchronizes the generated power with the power on the grid when coming back on-line. The line synchronization technique limits the rate of synchronization to permit undesired transient voltages.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a reflecting plate having excellent reflecting characteristics and a reflection type liquid crystal display apparatus having an improved display quality. A mask has a plurality of basic uneven spot patterns for individual pixels, and two or more uneven regions for at least one basic uneven spot pattern are formed. Any two of the two or more uneven regions appear at least in a relation of parallel displacement in which the uneven spot patterns are displaced in parallel with each other, among relations of parallel displacement, rotational displacement and reversal of uneven spot pattern, and the uneven regions are irregularly arranged. A reflecting plate and a reflection type liquid crystal display apparatus both having convexes are manufactured by an exposure of a photosensitive resin film using the mask. Even in the case where an exposure step is repeated in different positions, no seam is observed.

Abstract: A rubbing treatment apparatus and method of rubbing are described. A rubbing roller has a rotation axis and a rubbing cloth wound around its surface. The rubbing cloth is made with pile yarns which are implanted at cyclic intervals in two directions perpendicular to each other. The rubbing roller is used to contact a surface of a film-to-be-processed which is formed so as to cover a plurality of strip-shaped electrodes formed parallel to each other on a substrate, to be moved together with the substrate in relation to each other to perform a rubbing treatment on the surface of the film-to-be-treated. The rotation axis of the rubbing roller is parallel to the surface during the rubbing treatment. An angle &thgr;3 in a plane parallel to the surface is formed by one of the implanting directions of the pile yarns of the rubbing roller and the longitudinal direction of the strip-shaped electrodes of the substrate and is in a range of from +5 degrees to −5 degrees.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polyamide resin composition comprising 100 parts by weight of a polyamide resin and 0.001 to 2 parts by weight of at least two kinds of fillers having different average particle sizes from each other, an average particle size of a filler having minimum average particle size in said at least two kinds of fillers being 0.001 to 2 &mgr;m, an average particle size of a filler having maximum average particle size in said at least two kinds of fillers being more than 2 &mgr;m and not more than 15 &mgr;m, said at least two kinds of fillers having the following particle size distribution: (a) 20 to 90% by weight of a filler having a particle size of not more than 2 &mgr;m, (b) 0 to 15% by weight of a filler having a particle size of more than 2 &mgr;m and less than 3 &mgr;m, and (c) 10 to 80% by weight of a filler having a particle size of not less than 3 &mgr;m.