Abstract: Alkylarylsulfonate compositions containing low 2-phenyl alkylbenzene sulfonates and alkylated diphenyl oxide sulfonates are provided. The compositions have improved solubility and detergency properties and are useful in aqueous base detergent formulations. Also provided are intermediate compositions suitable for cosulfonation and neutralization.

Abstract: A process for producing alkenyl succinic anhydrides by the reaction of an olefin with maleic anhydride in the presence of alkyl succinic anhydride is provided. The alkenyl succinic anhydrides are valuable precursors for the preparation of alkyl succinic anhydrides.

Abstract: Cobalt is reversibly extracted from cobalt bearing aqueous solutions using solvent extraction techniques by contacting the aqueous solution with a hydrocarbon solvent containing a N-alkylalkanohydroxamic acid having at least about 8 carbon atoms. A new class of cobalt complexes is also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed is a tablet for disinfecting flush toilets comprising from about 20% to about 90% alkali metal salt of dichloroisocyanuric acid and at least about 5% of either sodium bromide or potassium bromide. Also disclosed is a method of using the tablet.

Abstract: A process for producing nitrilotriacetate salts from nitrilotriacetonitrile in which a mixture of substantially stoichiometric amounts of an alkali metal hydroxide and nitrilotriacetonitrile in water are partially hydrolyzed, followed by boiling to complete the reaction, followed by addition of a bleaching agent, and recovery of the product as a solution or in crystalline form.

Abstract: Phosphorus-vanadium mixed oxide catalysts are prepared by contacting a tetravalent vanadium compound, dissolved in an aqueous, non-oxidizing acid medium, with crystalline diphosphoric acid to form a phosphorus-vanadium mixed oxide catalyst precursor. The resulting catalyst precursor-containing solution is subjected to a series of concentration/dilution cycles to induce crystallization of the catalyst precursor. The crystals are collected, dried, formed into desired structures, and calcined at temperatures from about 300.degree. C. to about 600.degree. C.

Abstract: Catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation of the Z geometric isomer of a compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein at least one of R and R.sup.1 represents hydrogen and the other represents hydrogen, lower alkyl or aryl; R.sup.2 represents ##STR2## wherein R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 each independently represent hydrogen, lower alkyl or aryl, R.sup.6 represents hydrogen, lower alkyl, aryl or an alkali metal; and R.sup.3 represents ##STR3## wherein R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 each independently represent lower alkyl or aryl; provided that, when R.sup.3 is ##STR4## R.sup.2 is --CN, in the presence of a homogeneous, coordination complex catalyst comprising rhodium, iridium or ruthenium in combination with an optically active bis phosphine ligand provides an outstanding level of optical purity.

Abstract: Maleic anhydride is produced by the oxidation of a nonaromatic hydrocarbon having at least four carbon atoms in a straight chain with molecular oxygen or a molecular oxygen-containing gas in the vapor phase in the presence of a phosphorus-vanadium mixed oxide catalyst. Such catalysts are prepared by contacting a tetravalent vanadium compound, dissolved in an aqueous, non-oxidizing acid medium, with crystalline diphosphoric acid to form a phosphorus-vanadium mixed oxide catalyst precursor. The resulting catalyst precursor-containing solution is subjected to a series of concentration/dilution cycles to induce crystallization of the catalyst precursor. The crystals are collected, dried, formed into desired structures, and calcined at temperatures from about 300.degree. C. to about 600.degree. C.

Abstract: High purity alkyl glyoxylate is produced from complex mixtures containing alkyl glyoxylate, alkyl glycolate, water, alcohol and miscellaneous impurities. High purity alkyl glyoxylate is useful in the synthesis of alkyl glyoxylate polymers.

Abstract: A process for producing chloro-s-triazine trione with improved crystal properties comprising reacting cyanuric acid, alkali metal hydroxide, and chlorine in water, and crystallizing the resulting chloro-s-triazine trione in the presence of an alpha olefin sulfonate with from 4 to 20 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Substituted-butanediperoxoic acids represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein R is alkyl of 6 to 18 carbon atoms or phenyl are useful oxidizing agents. These substituted-butanediperoxoic acids are useful as bleaching agents and disinfecting agents.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing crystalline nitrilotriacetonitrile from a solution of nitrilotriacetonitrile and water in excess of 95.degree. C., comprising:a. cooling the nitrilotriacetonitrile-water solution in a first stage to the range of about 70.degree. C. to about 90.degree. C., preferably from about 80.degree. C. to about 90.degree. C., and more preferably about 85.degree. C., to produce a nitrilotriacetonitrile water slurry; andb. further cooling the nitrilotriacetonitrile-water slurry in a second stage to below about 35.degree. C., carried out either continuously or in a batch process. Cooling in the first stage is preferably accomplished by recycling cooled nitrilotriacetonitrile-water slurry from the second stage. Cooling in the second stage is preferably accomplished by vacuum cooling.

Abstract: Process for the manufacture of maleic anhydride which comprises contacting in the vapor phase a mixture of butane and molecular oxygen with a catalyst comprising in chemical combination phosphorus, vanadium, oxygen and a catalyst modifier comprising titanium combined with one or more elements selected from the group consisting of aluminum, cerium, cobalt and iron.

Abstract: Aqueous compositions thickened by galactomannan gums are described which are stabilized by soluble molybdenum.

Abstract: Aqueous compositions thickened by galactomannan gums are described which are stabilized by a stabilizer system comprising soluble molybdenum and a thiourea.

Abstract: A free flowing granulation, comprising a high concentration of acetaminophen and a low level of excipient, including ground cross-linked sodium carboxymethylcellulose fiber, allows the manufacture of analgesic tablets by direct compression. The method provides improvements in manufacturing economics and tablet properties.

Abstract: Substituted-butanediperoxoic acids represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is alkyl of 6 to 18 carbon atoms or phenyl are useful oxidizing agents. These substituted-butanediperoxoic acids are useful as bleaching agents and disinfecting agents.

Abstract: Catalyst compositions are prepared by contacting an alumina-silica-metal oxide combination represented by the formula:(Al.sub.2 O.sub.3).sub.a (SiO.sub.2).sub.b (M.sub.2/n O).sub.cwherein M is a metal cation selected from the group consisting of the lanthanides of rare earths, Groups 1b, 2b, 5b, 6b, 7b, and 8 of the Periodic Table of the Elements, and mixtures thereof, and a, b, and c represent weight percent of the Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, SiO.sub.2, M.sub.2/n O components, respectively, in the alumina-silica-metal oxide combination, with a being 0 to 100, b being O to 100, and c being 0 to 50, and n represents an integer from 1 to 7 of the valence of the metal cation, with the proviso that the sum of a+b) must be greater than 0, with a catalytically effective amount of sulfur trioxide.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the recovery and purification of acrylonitrile from acetonitrile and relatively heavy impurities mixture by water extractive distillation and solvent stripping wherein the mixture is fed to approximately the middle of a recovery column, a primary solvent water stream is added to the top of this column and a secondary solvent water stream is added to a point intermediate the mixture feed point and the top of the recovery column; a recovery column bottoms stream comprising water, acetonitrile and acrolein is removed from the bottom of the column and is added to a stripper column; acetonitrile is removed from the upper portion of the stripper column, a primary solvent water stream is removed from the bottom of the stripper column and is sent to the top of the recovery column as the source of the added primary solvent water stream and a secondary solvent water stream is removed from an intermediate point of the solvent stripper and is sent to the recovery column as the source

Abstract: Novel monoalkyl oxybisacetates are attractively useful as surfactants, and particularly in detergent compositions.