Abstract: Ammonia synthesis gas is prepared by contacting coal with air and steam in a fluidized bed. Heat for the reaction is provided by downward flowing hot thermal refractory material through the fluidized bed. The refractory material is heated externally of the fluidized bed by combustion of fuel. Control of the ratio of steam and air to the coal provides a gasification product of approximately 3 moles carbon monoxide plus hydrogen per mole of nitrogen.

Abstract: Polymer compositions comprising a nitrogenous polymer, especially an acrylonitrile-containing polymer, and a halogen-containing flame retardant evolve reduced amounts of hydrogen cyanide on combustion when containing an alkaline earth metal oxide and sulfur.

Abstract: A polymer composition comprising a styrene/maleic anhydride copolymer, a halogen-containing rubber, a halogenated aromatic flame-retardant, a flame-retardant synergist and a smoke suppressant comprising a mixture of dawsonite, calcium oxide and a magnesium compound. Such polymers have reduced combustibility and evolve less smoke when burned.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for reducing dripping in flaming polystyrene compositions which method comprises incorporating into the polymer composition an effective amount of a polychloroprene rubber component in order to reduce dripping of the flaming composition.

Abstract: Coating compositions comprising alkoxymethylaminotriazines, polyols and polyhydroxy oligomers which are useful for low temperature cure, are low in viscosity to allow ease of coating without the need for appreciable amounts of solvent thinners, and provide coatings free from the problems of crawling, cratering, pinholing and "orange peel" formation. The alkoxymethylaminotriazines are preferably alkoxymethylmelamines. The polyols are polymethylol cyclohexanes containing from 2 to 4 methylol groups. The polyhydroxy oligomers are polyesters or acrylic resins. The compositions may be cured in the presence of acid catalysts in the temperature range of 70.degree. to 105.degree. C.

Abstract: A laminate comprising a sheet of the polycarbonate or polyacrylate resin in face-to-face contact with a sheet of polyvinyl butyral plasticized with an effective amount of a plasticizer which is at least a partial ester formed by reaction of an alcohol having from 2 to 4 hydroxyl groups and a C.sub.16 -C.sub.20 unsaturated fatty acid having a hydroxyl group attached to the acid molecule.

Abstract: An abrasion resistant coating composition suitable for application to a substrate comprises a partially fluorinated polyvinyl acetal resin and polysilicic acid.

Abstract: Maleic anhydride is recovered in high yields from gaseous mixtures containing the maleic anhydride in the vapor phase by cooling the gaseous mixture containing the maleic anhydride to a temperature above the dew point of water in the gaseous mixture, and then scrubbing the gaseous mixture with a solvent which comprises a phthalate ester, preferably dibutyl phthalate, and up to 10 weight percent phthalic anhydride. Thereafter, the maleic anhydride is stripped from the solvent in a one-step operation, and the solvent is thereafter recycled to the scrubbing step.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the production of a polyester having an acid number which is not greater than 65 which comprises reacting an acid anhydride with a monoterminal epoxide in the presence of a solvent for the polyester in such a way that a self-sustaining reaction is initiated within 200 seconds of the reactants being mixed together and said reaction results in the attainment of a maximum peak temperature within 200 seconds of initiation.

Abstract: In a method for preparing a phosphorus-vanadium-oxygen catalyst wherein a pentavalent vanadium compound and a trivalent phosphorus compound are brought together in a liquid reaction zone under conditions to provide a substantial amount of tetravalent vanadium and to form a phosphorus-vanadium-oxygen catalyst precursor having a phosphorus to vanadium atom ratio between about 0.9:1 and about 2:1, the improvement of this invention comprises adding a sufficient amount of a surfactant to the liquid reaction zone to form a dispersion which comprises a liquid, the surfactant and a dispersoid of the phosphorus-vanadium-oxygen catalyst precursor.

Abstract: Polymer compositions comprising a nitrogenous polymer, especially an acrylonitrile-containing polymer evolve reduced amounts of hydrogen cyanide on combustion when containing an alkali metal carbonate and cupric oxide.

Abstract: An abrasion resistant coating composition suitable for application to a substrate comprises a polyvinyl acetal resin, a fluorinated alcohol and polysilicic acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improvement in a die for extruding thermoplastic sheet having a controlled degree of microsurface roughness. The improvement comprises having a beveled leading edge on at least one of the die lips wherein the bevel is away from the die orifice in order to control the degree of microsurface roughness in the extruded sheet.

Abstract: The productivity of phosphorus-vanadium-oxygen catalysts useful for converting saturated hydrocarbons containing from 4 to 10 carbon atoms to maleic anhydride can be increased by the order of preparatory steps used to prepare such catalysts. Phosphorus-vanadium-oxygen catalysts are prepared by mixing phosphorus and vanadium compounds to form precursors, shaping precursors and then calcining the precursors to form the catalysts. The catalysts are particularly beneficial for the conversion of butane to maleic anhydride.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are rubber modified fire retardant polymer compositions based on interpolymers of styrene, maleic anhydride, a brominated monomer such as tribromophenyl acrylate and a rubber component, which have been formulated with various additives. These compositions, which have a UL-94 rating of at least V-1, are especially useful for use in radio and T.V. cabinets, furniture, appliance housings and other similar applications.

Abstract: Polymer compositions evolve reduced amounts of noxious gases on combustion when containing an organometallic complex of a metal having an atomic number from 24 to 30.

Abstract: Polymer compositions comprising a nitrogenous polymer, especially an acrylonitrile-containing polymer, evolve reduced amounts of hydrogen cyanide on combustion when containing an alkaline earth metal oxide and sulfur.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the production of a polyester which comprises initiating a reaction between a poly-terminal epoxide, a mono-terminal epoxide and a cyclic diacid anhydride in the presence of a catalytically effective quaternary salt heating to a point at which the reaction becomes a self-sustaining exothermic reaction and controlling the reaction such that the temperature of the mixture is not reduced until after the exothermic reaction has begun to subside.

Abstract: The process for the conversion of saturated hydrocarbons having from 4 to 10 carbon atoms to maleic anhydride is enhanced when a mixture of oxygen and saturated hydrocarbon is contacted with catalysts comprising phosphorus, vanadium, oxygen and an element selected from the group consisting of titanium, silicon, or mixtures of these elements. The process is particularly useful for the conversion of butane to maleic anhydride.

Abstract: The prior art discloses that phosphorus-vanadium-oxygen catalysts wherein the phosphorus to vanadium atom ratio is between about 1:2 and about 2:1, and wherein at least about 20 atom percent of the vanadium is in the tetravalent state, are useful for the conversion of aliphatic hydrocarbons to maleic anhydride. It has now been found that when the pore volume of the catalysts from pores having diameters between about 0.8 micron and about 10 microns is greater than 0.02 cc/g, the catalyst is particularly useful for the conversion of saturated hydrocarbons, such as butane, to maleic anhydride.