Abstract: A heat sink/heat spreader structure utilizing thermoelectric effects to efficiently transport thermal energy from a variety of heat sources including integrated circuits and other electronic components. A method for manufacturing the heat sink/spreader is also disclosed.

Abstract: The improved jousting apparatus includes two sticks which are joined together with a flexible rope-like connecting member which is anchored within the ends of the respective sticks. The connecting member is long enough to allow motion of the two sticks relative to each other. Each stick includes two positioning rings along the length thereof, the upper ring identifying a normal position for the upper hand of each contestant, the first and second rings together identifying a first disadvantaged position for a selected contestant, and the second ring identifying a further disadvantaged position for the selected contestant.

Abstract: The directional element, following enablement under selected input current conditions, calculates a zero sequence impedance, in response to values of zero sequence voltage and zero sequence current. The current value is selected between two possible values, one being the value from an associated current transformer, the other being the sum of the currents IA+IB+IC. The calculated zero sequence impedance is then compared against sensitive selected threshold values, established particularly for ungrounded systems. A forward fault indication is provided when the calculated zero sequence impedance is above a first established sensitive threshold value, and a reverse fault indication is provided when the calculated zero sequence impedance is below a second established sensitive threshold value.

Abstract: The parallel radiation (12) emanating from a sample 4 in a known apparatus for X-ray analysis (for example, for diffraction) is analyzed according to wavelength and focused in a focus 20 by a parabolic multilayer mirror 14. A collimator 28 is positioned around said focus. The resolution of the apparatus can be enhanced by making the angular passage width of the collimator smaller than the maximum range of its reflection angle &agr;max. In accordance with the invention the resolution of the apparatus will be better defined and hence enhanced by implementing the exit collimator 28 in such a way that the angular value for the passage width from every reflecting point A or B of the mirror surface is substantially independent of the position of the reflecting points. Preferably, the exit collimator 28 is implemented in the form of two mutually parallel knife edges which are situated at different distances from the reflecting points of the multilayer mirror.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of finishing doors that have been hung, including a lightweight, collapsible, portable tool which surrounds the door, preventing over spray. The tool is moved to the door, adjusted to size, and the door is finished.

Abstract: The relay system obtains voltage and current values from a power line and uses a first sampling element to sample the voltage and current values at selected intervals of time. The resulting sampled signals are used for power system-wide protection, control, monitoring and metering. The sampled signals are then resampled at a rate which is a selected multiple of the power system frequency. The results of the resampling are used by processing circuitry for protection functions including fault determinations.

Abstract: The error compensating system and method is used in electric power monitoring systems, e.g. protective relays, and includes a test unit for applying a test signal to the front end of a data acquisition section of the power monitoring system and a phase reference module which converts the test signal to a square wave having falling and rising edges corresponding to transitions between the positive and negative portions of the test signal. A programmable logic device determines the zero crossings of the sampled digital signal from the data acquisition system and then determines the time difference between a falling edge of the module output signal and the zero crossing of the sampled digital signal. The time difference is representative of the phase shift produced by the data acquisition components. A compensation circuit adjusts the digitally sampled signals with the amount of the determined phase shift.

Abstract: A method utilizing gray-tone exposure of a class of thick negative photo-sensitized epoxy resists from the substrate side of a transparent substrate and development methods that rely upon a physical distinction between polymerized (solid) and unpolymerized (liquid) photoresist at elevated temperatures may be used to fabricate 3-D structures in the photo-sensitized epoxy. Such structures may exhibit smoothly-varying topographic features with thicknesses as great as 2 mm.

Abstract: The system includes a plurality of protection application elements to accomplish various power system protection functions, including for example line protection, line fault location, current direction determination, breaker protection and synchronism check, among others. The system includes local sources of current and voltage information for the protective functions as well as a receiving section for receiving such current and voltage values from a remote source, such as another protection device, as well as other necessary input information for the protective functions. A selection logic section is responsive to the output of the protective function elements, as well as the local and remote data to determine whether the primary or local sources are to be used. The outputs of the protective function elements are used by an output section to control circuit breakers and the like and are also transmitted, with the local and remote source quantities, to other protective devices.

Abstract: The system for automatically dispensing medications or other medical elements includes several groupings, i.e. vaults, of storage members, each vault containing approximately 100 individual cartridges, which each contain packages of unit-of-use doses of a given medication or other medical supply, such as syringes. Each storage member includes an ejector which ejects selected medications/supplies to a supply trough. The packages in the trough are moved to a central collator, which dispenses them to a bin receptacle which has been moved underneath the collator and which is typically identified with a particular patient. Information concerning medications/supplies for a particular patient is stored in a system database and used to determine the particular medications/supplies dispensed into a given bin. Bar coding is used to maintain control over the bins, and the medications, forming a closed information/control system.

Abstract: The system obtains the three phase voltages on the power line VA, VB and VC, either from a local primary or local alternative source. The selected local source voltages are then applied through switches, respectively, which are normally closed but are open in the event that the associated pole of each voltage phase is open. The voltages from the closed switches are applied to a calculating circuit which produces a composite of the three voltages in accordance with a preselected formula. The composite voltage output is then normalized and applied to a conventional frequency determination (estimating) circuit. This output is an accurate system frequency for use by the protective relay.

Abstract: In a three terminal power line current differential protection system, all three phase current values (IA, IB and IC) are obtained from all three terminals. The current values for each phase are processed in three successive processing operations, using in turn the current values from each terminal as local current values and the combination of the other two terminal current values in each case as the remote current values. The resulting local and remote current values are then processed against preselected values which establish a restrain region in the current ratio (alpha) plane. Current values for each set of local and combined remote currents which result in the ratio being within the restrain region result in a blocking signal while current values which result in a ratio outside of the region result in a tripping signal. If the outputs of the three processing operations agree, then that signal is the system output.

Abstract: An emergency breathing apparatus for breathing under water particularly when using a kayak (1) comprising a single flexible tub (4) having an internal volume which is less than normal lung capacity and having an inlet adjacent one end of said tube which is arrange to be maintained above water level and open to ingress of air and adjacent the other end of said tube in close proximity a mouthpiece an a valve means operable by a user to inhibit flow of water into the breathing means in a closed condition and to permit breathing when in an open condition.

Abstract: The loading apparatus includes a tray assembly which receives radioactive seeds and spacer elements from containers thereof. The seeds and spacers move into a receiving portion of the apparatus. Guide wall assemblies are located between the wells in the tray assembly and a funnel opening which extends through the tray assembly at the front end thereof. Positioned beneath the funnel opening and removably attached to the tray assembly is a visualization and positioning assembly which has a vertical slot therein for receiving seeds and spacers. The seeds and spacers move by gravity through the funnel opening into the slot. A portion of the visualization assembly is transparent, permitting a visual inspection of the seed/spacer lineup in the slot. A control element at the lower end of the visualization assembly releases the seeds and spacers from the visualization member into a hollow needle located therebelow.