Abstract: An apparatus for measuring an image of a pattern to be formed on a semiconductor by scanning the pattern using a scanner, the apparatus including an EUV mask including the pattern, a zoneplate lens on a first side of the EUV mask and adapted to focus EUV light on a portion of the EUV mask at a same angle as an angle at which the scanner will be disposed with respect to a normal line of the EUV mask, and a detector arranged on another side of the EUV mask and adapted to sense energy of the EUV light from the EUV mask, wherein NAzoneplate=NAscanner/n and NAdetector=NAscanner/n*?, where NAzoneplate denotes a NA of the zoneplate lens, NAdetector denotes a NA of the detector, and NAscanner denotes a NA of the scanner, ? denotes an off-axis degree of the scanner, and n denotes a reduction magnification of the scanner.

Abstract: A bipolar plate includes a plurality of flow channels for fuel flow, wherein the flow channels are divided into a plurality of sections along a direction of the fuel flow. The total cross-sectional area of the flow channels across the sections becomes smaller from a fuel inlet toward a fuel outlet. A plurality of protrusions are formed between the sections, and the protrusions mix a fuel that passes through the flow channels. A fuel cell includes membrane electrode assemblies interposed between a plurality of the bipolar plates.

Abstract: A multifunction key pad display for an electronic device, including: a display panel including display regions arranged in a matrix, and bounded by non-display regions as boundaries; a printed circuit board positioned on the display panel, including openings facing the display regions, and keys disposed at sides of the openings, facing the non-display regions; and a pad positioned on the printed circuit board, having transparent windows facing the openings, and pressing units facing the keys. Two rows of the keys can be arranged between two other rows of the openings.

Abstract: A pattern forming method includes providing a first mask with a first aperture, forming a first transfer pattern on a resist by irradiating a first electron beam through the first aperture, the first transfer pattern extending in a first direction and having a boundary along a circumference thereof, and the first electron beam having a cross section of a first square when emerging from the first aperture, and forming a second transfer pattern on the resist by irradiating a second electron beam through the first aperture, the second transfer pattern extending in the first direction and overlapping a portion the boundary of the first transfer pattern, and the second electron beam having a cross section of a second square when emerging from the first aperture.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device having a status register read function includes a plurality of data output pads electrically connected to corresponding package pin, and a swap controller connected between the plurality of data output pads and a plurality of output lines that output memory-related unique information in a specific operation mode. The swap controller controls a swap according to preset swap program information when a swap is needed to match the data output pads to the package pins.

Abstract: Provided is a method of manufacturing a photovoltaic device using a Joule heating-induced crystallization method. The method includes: forming a first conductive pattern on a substrate; forming a photoelectric conversion layer on the substrate having the first conductive pattern; and crystallizing at least part of the photoelectric conversion layer by applying an electric field to the photoelectric conversion layer, wherein the photoelectric conversion layer includes a first amorphous semiconductor layer containing first impurities, a second intrinsic, amorphous semiconductor layer, and a third amorphous semiconductor layer containing second impurities.

Abstract: A flash memory device including a lower tunnel insulation layer on a substrate, an upper tunnel insulation layer on the lower tunnel insulation layer, and a P-type gate on the upper tunnel insulation layer, wherein the upper tunnel insulation layer includes an amorphous oxide layer.

Abstract: A memory device includes a first floating gate electrode on a substrate between adjacent isolation layers in the substrate, at least a portion of the first floating gate protruding above a portion of the adjacent isolation layers, a second floating gate electrode, electrically connected to the first floating gate electrode, on at least one of the adjacent isolation layers, a dielectric layer over the first and second floating gate electrodes, and a control gate over the dielectric layer and the first and second floating gate electrodes.

Abstract: A light-emitting device having improved light conversion efficiency, a light-emitting system including the same, and fabricating methods of the light-emitting device and the light-emitting system, are provided. The light-emitting device includes one or more light-emitting elements arranged on one surface of a substrate, and a phosphor layer disposed inside or on the substrate to a predetermined thickness and partially wavelength-converts the light emitted from the one or more light-emitting elements into light having different wavelength, wherein a light conversion efficiency of the phosphor layer is maximized when the phosphor layer has the predetermined thickness.

Abstract: A thin camera having sub-pixel resolution includes an array of micro-cameras. Each micro-camera includes a lens, a plurality of sensors of size p, and a plurality of macro-pixels of size d having a feature of size q. The feature size q smaller than p and provides a resolution for the micro-camera greater than p. The smallest feature in the micro-cameras determines the resolution of the thin camera. Each macro-pixel may have any array of m features of size q, where q=d/m. Additional micro-cameras may be included to increase power.

Abstract: Integrated multiple optical elements may be formed by bonding substrates containing such optical elements together or by providing optical elements on either side of the wafer substrate. The wafer is subsequently diced to obtain the individual units themselves. The optical elements may be formed lithographically, directly, or using a lithographically generated master to emboss the elements. Alignment features facilitate the efficient production of such integrated multiple optical elements, as well as post creation processing thereof on the wafer level.

Abstract: An organic light emitting display device having RFID includes a substrate including a pixel region having at least one organic light emitting device and a non-pixel region formed on the outer circumference of the pixel region, a sealing substrate that seals at least the pixel region of the substrate, an RFID antenna pattern on the sealing substrate, and an RFID chip electrically coupled to the RFID antenna pattern.

Abstract: A hydrogen generator and a fuel cell using the same includes: a first container containing an aqueous solution of alkaline metal carbonate or bicarbonate; a second container containing a metal hydride; and a supply unit disposed between the first container and the second container. The hydrogen generator has a high hydrogen generating rate, can provide a fuel cell with a high energy density, and the amount of hydrogen generated thereby is easy to control.

Abstract: An organic light emitting display configured to be driven using a frame divided into a plurality of sub-frames includes a data driver configured to supply a plurality of data signals to output lines during a first period of one horizontal period of the sub-frame, a scan driver configured to sequentially supply a scan signal to scan lines during a second period of the one horizontal period of the sub-frame, a demultiplexer coupled to each output line, the demultiplexer being configured to supply the data signals to a plurality of data lines, buffers configured to supply buffers supplying signals from the demultiplexers to the data lines, the buffers including PMOS transistors, and pixels disposed at intersections of the scan lines and the data lines, the pixels being configured to display images corresponding to the data signals.

Abstract: An inspecting apparatus for a solar cell and an inspecting method are provided. The inspecting apparatus for the solar cell includes a head unit having a plurality of probe units, a rotation unit rotating the head unit according to an interval of cells of the solar cell, a controller controlling a rotation angle of the head unit by controlling the rotation unit, and a wire unit connected to the head unit to be electrically connected to the probe units.

Abstract: An organic light emitting diode (OLED) may include a first electrode, a hole injection layer on the first electrode, an emission layer on the hole injection layer, an electron injection layer on the emission layer, and a second electrode on the electron injection layer, wherein an absolute value of a difference between a work function of the first electrode and a work function of the second electrode is less than 0.5 eV, and at least one of the hole injection layer and the electron injection layer is a multilayer.

Abstract: A laser irradiation system includes a laser configured to irradiate light, a laser transfer unit configured to transfer the laser along a target irradiation area, the target irradiation area being divided into a plurality of sections, a laser transfer controller configured to control a speed of the laser in each of the plurality of sections of the target irradiation area, a laser output controller configured to control an output level of the laser in each of the plurality of sections of the target irradiation area, and a main controller configured to control the laser output controller and the laser transfer controller.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a semiconductor substrate including at least one memory channel region and at least one memory source/drain region, the memory channel region and the memory source/drain region being arranged alternately, and at least one word line on the memory channel region, wherein the memory source/drain region has a higher net impurity concentration than the memory channel region.

Abstract: An organic light emitting diode display and a fabrication method thereof, the display including a substrate; a thin film transistor on the substrate; and an organic light emitting diode on the substrate, the organic light emitting diode including a pixel electrode, an organic emission layer, and a common electrode, wherein the organic emission layer includes a red (R) pixel, a green (G) pixel, and a blue (B) pixel, the pixel electrode includes a first pixel electrode, a second pixel electrode, and a third pixel electrode that respectively correspond to the red pixel, the green pixel, and the blue pixel, the first pixel electrode, the second pixel electrode, and the third pixel electrode each have different thicknesses, and the first pixel electrode, the second pixel electrode, and the third pixel electrode each include a first hydrophobic layer.

Abstract: Disclosed are a battery management system that uses a source file for sensing of the cell voltages of battery cells by changing only declaration information of a header file using an MCU even when the number of battery cells is changed, and a driving method for the same. The battery management system is connected to a battery including at least one battery pack in which a plurality of battery cells are contained. includes a sensor including an AD converter connected to the battery cells, the sensor configured to sense cell voltages of the battery cells, a storage configured to store source data generated using an input external signal, and a controller configured to generate a source signal corresponding to the source data and forward the source signal to the sensor, the sensor being configured to sense the cell voltages of the battery cells according to the source signal.