Abstract: A method for manufacturing read-only memory. In each memory cell on a wafer, a gate electrode 3a is formed on a silicon substrate 1 with an intermediary of a gate oxide film 2, and an oxide film 4 is formed to cover the surface of the silicon substrate. After an inter-layer dielectric film 6 is grown on the oxide film 4 by LPCVD, this inter-layer dielectric film 6 is put to rapid thermal processing at 700° C. to 800° C. for about 60 seconds to remove the water content of the inter-layer dielectric film 6. This eliminates chances of insulation deterioration when semi-finished wafers are put into long-term storage. After the steps just before data writing have been finished, the wafers can be put into long-term storage, so that time from decision of data to write until product completion can be reduced.

Abstract: A sensor chip having a support frame part and sensor structure including at least one displaceable weight part, and a beam part for connecting the weight part to the support frame part. The sensor structure is formed on a silicon substrate through an insulating layer and the insulating layer between the sensor structure and the silicon substrate is removed. The beam part is formed of two parallel beams and the weight part is connected to the support frame part by two parallel beams. At least two semiconductor strain gauges are formed on the surface of the two respective parallel beams. The semiconductor chip may be contained in a package having a main surface for mounting the semiconductor sensor chip formed at a predetermined angle with respect to the surface of a printed circuit board for mounting the package. The main surface is provided with a plurality of terminals along two opposite sides thereof for connecting with input/output terminals of the semiconductor sensor chip.

Abstract: An optical waveguide having a clad and a core, the core being made of polymer material containing a repetitive unit having formula (1), (2) or (3): Each of these polymer materials has a higher glass transition temperature and lower water absorption than those of deuterated PMMA, has a transparency equivalent with that of deuterated PMMA, and shows neither light absorption nor scattering in the operating wavelength region. An optical waveguide with a core fabricated using these polymer materials is high in heat resistance and low in water absorption. Thus using the waveguide will successfully provide optical communication elements with an advanced durability against the environment.

Abstract: A voltage amplitude adjuster including semiconductor switches for power conversion, an AC chopper for converting an input AC voltage to an AC voltage of the same phase and different amplitude relative to the input AC voltage, and a smoothing AC filter for providing a clear signal to a primary winding of a transformer. Further, by providing a wattmeter, the saved power can be displayed.

Abstract: An animal identification system is provided which is designed to determine outlines of a pupil and irial granule in an input image of an eye of an animal to be identified, apply an arc to a lower portion of the outline of the pupil, turns back the arc from a principal axis to define a reference axis, and maps an image of the irial granule into a polar coordinate system whose origin is the center of the reference axis. The shape of the irial granule corrected in the above manner is compared with a reference shape stored in a memory to determine whether the input image arises from the same animal or not.

Abstract: A frequency stabilized laser using an integrated external cavity, comprising a semiconductor laser diode and an optical waveguide installed on the same substrate, and having an optically induced grating formed in the optical waveguide suppresses mode hopping due to a temperature change to stabilize the oscillation frequencies of the laser. A material having a refractive index temperature coefficient opposite in sign to the refractive index temperature coefficient of the semiconductor laser diode is installed on that portion of the optical waveguide between the semiconductor laser diode and the optically induced grating which has been formed by removing an upper cladding and a core, or removing the upper cladding, the core, and a lower cladding.

Abstract: There is provided a technique of connecting easily the lead terminal to the board of the module. A plurality of clip lead terminals each has at one end thereof clip portions which are connected electrically to connecting terminals by sandwiching an end portion of a board of a module and the connecting terminals formed thereon between clip members of said clip portions and has a lead portion at the other end thereof. The clip lead terminals are arranged so as to be spaced from one another in parallel with one another with the leading edges of the respective clip portions aligned on a straight line. The clip lead terminals are connected to one another through a tie bar and a guide as a connecting portion, respectively, whereby the connecting clip lead terminal 18 is formed as one-body. The lead portions are bent on every other one, leading end portions of the bent lead portions and leading end portions of the non-bent lead portions are in parallel with each other viewing from a side of the board.

Abstract: An optical cross-connect apparatus accepts a wavelength-division M-multiplexed optical signal (M is an integer). The apparatus has N input ports and N (N is an integer) output ports. To each input port, a wavelength-division multiplexed optical signal is applied. The M-multiplexed optical signal is applied to an optical demultiplexer, where the multiplexed signal is demultiplexed. The apparatus has an MN×MN optical switch matrix. The switch matrix switches the demultiplexed optical signals and applies the optical signals to wavelength converters. The wavelength converters convert each wavelength of the inputted optical signals into a predetermined wavelength, and applies it to an optical multiplexer. At the optical multiplexer, the optical signals are multiplexed and thus outputted from the output ports. The optical switch matrix is constructed by a plurality of N×M size unit switches.

Abstract: A processing system for increasing the quality of a gear having a shot peening apparatus for subjecting, to shot peening, a gear after tooth-forming and surface hardening; a barreling apparatus positioned adjacently to the shot peening apparatus, for subjecting, to barreling, the gear which has been subject to shot peening by the shot peening apparatus; and a gear feeding apparatus positioned adjacently to the shot peening apparatus and the barreling apparatus, for feeding, to the barreling apparatus, the gear which has been subjected to the shot peening by the shot peening apparatus. Thus, a gear of high quality can be efficiently produced, and the working environment can be cleaned at low cost by a dust collecting apparatus.

Abstract: Provided is a planar lightwave circuit module in which the required optical components constituting an optical fiber amplifier and representing components other than amplifying optical fibers are formed into a unitary structure on a common substrate. This planar lightwave circuit module comprises signal light input ports, signal light output ports, and first and second connection ports. The first connection port is connected to the signal light output ports and to one end of an amplifying optical fiber. The second connection port is connected to the signal light input ports and to the other end of the amplifying optical fiber. Optical coupling means for feeding pumping light from an pumping source to the amplifying optical fiber are also provided in the form of waveguides or in integrated form. Amplifying optical fibers are connected from the outside to the first and second connection ports of this planar lightwave circuit module, yielding an optical fiber amplifier.

Abstract: A light-emitting semiconductor device has a semi-insulating semiconductor surface layer overlying a conductive semiconductor layer of a first conductive type. A diffusion region of a second conductive type extends through the semi-insulating semiconductor surface layer and ends in the conductive semiconductor layer. Positive and negative electrode contacts are provided on the upper surface of the device. Nonradiative recombination near the surface of the device is reduced because there is no pn junction in the semi-insulating semiconductor surface layer, and the device structure is suitable for matrix driving.

Abstract: A method for detecting a full charge state has the steps of obtaining a first data series including first to N-th data items, the first to N-th data items of the first data series corresponding to battery voltages measured at first sampling intervals during a first sampling time period, respectively; and obtaining a second data series including first to N-th data items, the first to N-th data items of the second data series corresponding to battery voltages measured at second sampling intervals during a second sampling time period, respectively. A predetermined time delay is provided between a beginning of the first sampling time period and a beginning of the second sampling time period, and the second sampling intervals are the same as the first sampling intervals. The method has the further steps of comparing an i-th data item of the first data series and an i-th data item of the second data series (i=1, 2, . . .

Abstract: A method of producing a needle-like diamond structure including the steps of forming a layer of anodized alumina on a diamond substrate, the anodized alumina having a plurality of through holes; vapor-depositing a substance resistant to plasma etching by a vacuum vapor-depositing method to form dots on said diamond substrate, wherein the layer of anodized alumina acts as a mask for the vapor deposition; removing the anodized alumina; and performing a plasma etching treatment while using the dots as a mask, thereby forming regularly-arranged, needle-like diamond columns.

Abstract: An optical fiber switch of the present invention is composed of a fixed side ferrule assembly and a movable side ferrule assembly. The fixed side ferrule assembly is composed of a multiplicity of lined-up sleeves 12, a fixed side ferrule support plate 10 for two-dimensionally disposing the sleeves 12 on an X-Y plane and supporting them and a multiplicity of fixed side optical fiber ferrules 13 which are inserted into the lined-up sleeves and supported thereby. The movable side ferrule assembly includes X, Y-axis drive mechanism for supporting the movable side optical fiber ferrule 29 and relatively two-dimensionally moving it on an X-Y plane with respect to the fixed side ferrule assembly and a Z-axis drive mechanism A for relatively moving it in a direction (Z-direction) orthogonal to the plane. The movable side optical fiber ferrule 29 is detachably moved to an arbitrary sleeve 12 of the fixed side ferrule assembly.

Abstract: A nonvolatile semiconductor memory device comprising a plurality of memory cells each having a transistor including a floating gate electrode as a constituent are arranged on a silicon substrate in a matrix, wherein bit lines have hierarchical structures and comprise at least a main bit line 1 and a sub-bit line 2, and a plurality of sub-bit line selection transistors 4 provided between the main bit line 1 and sub-bit line 2 which transistor 4 are respectively selectively activated depending on given row address lines, wherein a voltage applied to each gate electrode of the sub-bit line selection transistor 4 which is selected and activated when data is erased from or written on each memory cell is rendered the same as that applied to each gate electrode of the sub-bit line selection transistor 4 which becomes non-activated when not selected.

Abstract: An alignment system finds the coordinates of a first point on a photosensitive optical fiber by scanning an ultraviolet beam across the fiber several times at successively decreasing speeds and detecting light returned from the fiber. The coordinates of a second point on the fiber are found similarly. On the basis of the coordinates of the first and second points, the alignment system automatically aligns the fiber in a direction suitable for the formation of an optical filter in the fiber.

Abstract: A radio receiver providing compensation for a direct current offset which includes a first frequency converter for converting a signal received by the receiver to first and second intermediate frequency signals, each signal having an angular frequency &ohgr;r and being in phase quadrature with respect to each other. All analog-to-digital converter for converting the first and second intermediate frequency signals to first and second intermediate frequency digital signals, each having an angular frequency &ohgr;r and being in phase quadrature with respect to each other, a direct current offset being generated within the analog-to-digital converter. A second frequency converter for converting the first and second digital signals and the direct current offset to first and second baseband signals, and low pass filters each having a cutoff frequency &ohgr;T for removing frequency components of the first and second baseband signals which are higher than &ohgr;r.

Abstract: A coded signal synchronizing device includes a first and a second signal synchronizing circuit. The first and second signal synchronizing circuits respectively feed a first and a second coded signal to a coded signal processor while synchronizing them to each other in accordance with a reference synchronizing signal. A synchronization control circuit compares the phases of frame synchronizing signals output by the decoding of the coded signals and the phase of the reference synchronizing signal. So long as a phase difference between either one of the frame synchronizing signals and the reference synchronizing signal lies in a preselected range, the synchronization control circuit reads the coded signal sequentially stored. If the phase difference is smaller than a first preselected value, the synchronization control circuit repeatedly reads an I (Intra-coded) picture two times.

Abstract: An input image that includes an eye is divided into a plurality of blocks, and a mosaic image in which each of the blocks has a density value is produced. Among all the blocks, one having a small distance from a center point of the mosaic image and having a small density value is determined to be a block including the center of the pupil of the eye. Then, based on the determined block, a center position of the pupil in the input image is derived. Based on the density value of the block including the center of the pupil, a density threshold value is set. Then, based on the density threshold value, a two-valued image is produced from the input image. Among regions in the two-valued image which are darker than the density threshold value, one including the center position of the pupil is extracted as a pupil region.