Abstract: A computer-controlled system for producing a multi-color image on a substrate using multi-colored cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) pigment materials made from CLC flakes tuned to predetermined bands of color. An image generator automatically generates an image specifying a pattern over which binder material is to be applied to a substrate by a binder material applicator. A plurality of CLC pigment applicators automatically apply patterns of different-color CLC pigment material to the pattern of binder material, which binds thereto as the binder material dries according to its drying characteristics. An output device is used to automatically return the substrate to a different one of CLC pigment applicators after each application of a pattern of different-color CLC pigment material to the pattern of binder material. The output device automatically repeats the return of the substrate to the CLC pigment applicators until all bands of color in the multi-color image are rendered.

Abstract: A method of printing using dry pigments is introduced, wherein a binder material is applied to the surface of an object uniformly or in a pattern, and then dry pigment is applied to the binder material in a pattern or uniformly. The dry pigment sticks to the patterned binder, or the patterned pigment may be bound to the uniform binder, to produce a pattern.

Abstract: An apparatus, a system, and a method for communication between multiple base stations and radio frequency (RF) transponders (RF Tags) is disclosed. A first radio frequency (RF) base station for communicating RF signals with an RF tag communicates external trigger signals with at least a second RF base station, which causes the second RF base station to begin transmission.

Abstract: A light controlling film is described comprising a polymerized polymer network of a crosslinked high molecular weight polymeric material and a low molecular weight cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) material, wherein the high molecular weight and the low molecular weight form a material having cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) order such that the film is a reflective circular polarizer whose bandwidth is controllable by an electric field impressed in the film.

Abstract: An elastomeric locator held against a proximal surface of the tooth and against the gum holds a light source and imaging optics in a reproducible position for imaging a tooth in vivo.

Abstract: A lens design having two concave mirrors or Mangins and a turning mirror is disclosed. The optical axis of the concave elements are coplanar and intersect on a turning mirror, and the normal to the surface of the turning mirror bisects the angle between the two optical axis.

Abstract: A radio frequency (RF) transponder (RF tag) is proposed, where a high dielectric constant material is used in operative cooperation with a tag antenna so that the distance of the tag antenna from conducting or absorbing surfaces may be reduced, and so the tag dimensions may be reduced.

Abstract: A light image is conveyed from a biological tissue through a flexible optical system to an image receiver, where it is converted to a form which may be entered into a computer. The computer segments the image by generating a segmentation mask defining the boundary of a region of interest in at least one spectral band, estimates at least one rotationally and translationally invariant statistical measure of coefficient distributions of the multiscale wavelet maxima representations of the digital images in at least one spectral band, characterizes the condition of the tissue based on the estimated values, and outputs the characterization of the condition of the tissue.

Abstract: A multilayer compound semiconductor is contacted with an electrically conducting fluid, and a current is passed between the semiconductor and the fluid. The current passes is monitored, and the current is controlled in response to the monitoring.

Abstract: An oxynitride film on the surface of a silicon or silicon germanium substrate is described where film is substantially an oxide film at the film oxide interface, and the nitrogen content of the film increases with the distance away from the substrate. The film is made by a process of rapidly processing a clean silicon wafer in an atmosphere of a nitrogen containing gas containing a very small percentage of oxygen containing gas.

Abstract: The fine dark features in the images projected from strong phase-shifting masks used for microdevice lithography are accompanied by 180° shifts in the optical phase, produced by a topography pattern distinct from the pattern of apertures that define the bright features. A generic topography pattern can be formed on the substrate underlying a continuous opaque mask layer which subsequently is patterned with a device-specific array of apertures. When the image projected from a phase-shifting mask comprised of the generic topography pattern and the device-specific aperture pattern is combined with a device-specific image projected from an associated conventional photomask, the photoresist pattern that results corresponds to desired device layers with the imaging advantages of strong phase-shifting masks, but without the need for specific patterning of the topography pattern.

Abstract: An injection molded light pipe having a sharp curve is proposed, wherein the injection molding mark is on the inside surface of the sharp curve. The light pipe has a 180° curve with a radius of curvature less than approximately 3 times the diameter of the light pipe.

Abstract: The fine dark features in the images projected from strong phase-shifting masks used for microdevice lithography are accompanied by 180° shifts in the optical phase, produced by a topography pattern distinct from the pattern of apertures that define the bright features. A generic topography pattern can be formed on the substrate underlying a continuous opaque mask layer which subsequently is patterned with a device-specific array of apertures. When the image projected from a phase-shifting mask comprised of the generic topography pattern and the device-specific aperture pattern is combined with a device-specific image projected from an associated conventional photomask, the photoresist pattern that results corresponds to desired device layers with the imaging advantages of strong phase-shifting masks, but without the need for specific patterning of the topography pattern.

Abstract: An RF transponder having a plurality of antennas is disclosed, where the voltages produced by the plurality of antennas are cascaded to produce a tag voltage higher than that produced by a single antenna.

Abstract: A bonding pad for a semiconductor device is provided with a mechanical supportive structure substantially surrounding the pad. The mechanical supportive structure prevents cracking of passivation material over the pad when a lead is compression bonded to the pad.

Abstract: A method of determining relative motion between a base station and an RF Tag is disclosed, wherein a property of the RF field at the position of the tag is determined at a first time and at a second time and is used to calculate the relative motion.

Abstract: A method of rapid thermal processing (RTP) of a silicon substrate is presented, where a very low partial pressure of reactive gas is used to control etching and growth of oxides on the silicon surface.

Abstract: A method for rapid thermal processing (RTP) of a silicon substrate, the substrate having a surface with a plurality of areas implanted with dopant ions, comprising a) contacting the surface with a reactive gas, b) processing the substrate for a first process time and temperature sufficient to produce a significant protective layer upon the surface, and c) annealing the substrate for a second process time and temperature sufficient to activate the dopant material so that the sheet resistivity of the implanted areas is less than 500 ohms/square, where the first and second processing time and temperature are insufficient to move the implanted dopant ions to a depth of more than 80 nanometers from the surface.

Abstract: An "intelligent" window combined with an additional structure for further controlling light incident on the "intelligent" window is disclosed.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for generating light in one or more buried layers of a multilayer compound semiconductor material by contacting the material with a tansparent, electrically conducting fluid and passing current between the fluid and the semiconductor material. The measured characteristics of the light emitted from a first semiconductor material may be compared with those measured from a second semiconductor material of known properties, and the properties of the first semiconductor material calculated. Uniformity maps of the compound semiconductor material may be prepared using the patterns of various light emission characteristics measured across the surface of the material.