Abstract: A metal layer 3, a light emitting layer section 4 and a first electrode 5 are formed in the order on a first main surface 7 side of a conductive substrate 2 and a current is supplied to the light emitting layer section 4 through the first electrode 5 and the conductive substrate 2. By using reflection on the metal layer 3, not only can good external quantum efficiency be realized, but electrodes or terminals can also be formed on both sides of the light emitting element. Thus, provided is a light emitting element excellent in external quantum efficiency thereof and in addition, not only simple in structure of a terminal lead thereof but excellent in convenience.

Abstract: The circuit according to the present invention is a signal transmission circuit for a solid-state image pickup device which performs favorable signal transmission by suppressing heat production around an image pickup device to a minimum level. This circuit is used for transmitting video signals output from a CCD to a signal processor of a processing unit by way of a transmission line, and comprises, at a stage subsequent to the CCD, a complementary circuit composed of two current controlling diodes, a first transistor, a second transistor and a plurality of resistors. This complementary circuit operates the first transistor and the second transistor alternately, thereby outputting video signals from the CCD as positive and negative signals taking 10 V, for example, as standard. Such an operation of class B eliminates a necessity to supply a bias current, thereby preventing heat production from the transistors and resistors due to application of a bias current.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a sunscreen cosmetic in which a micro particle zinc oxide is dispersed satisfactorily and which is excellent in the ultraviolet rays protection effect as indicated by SPF and PFA, and also in the finish transparency and the system stability. A sunscreen cosmetic obtained by means of an incorporation of a composite powder of a micro particle zinc oxide having a particle size of 0.1 &mgr;m or less which is coated with a silicic anhydride at a coating rate of 5 to 30 wt % and whose surface is treated with a silicone of 3 to 12 wt %, a dispersing treatment of said composite powder in an oil or water using a media-agitating mill or a high pressure dispersing machine and/or an incorporation of a polyoxyalkylene-modified polysiloxane.

Abstract: It is an object of the invention to provide a semiconductor wafer obtained by forming a semiconductor thin film with uniform resistivity on a main surface of a semiconductor single crystal substrate of 300 mm or more in diameter. When a process gas is supplied to over a main surface of a silicon single crystal substrate 12 in rotation in almost parallel to the main surface thereof in one direction in a reaction chamber 10 through six inlet ports 18a to 18f disposed in width direction of the reaction chamber 10, H2 gas, a semiconductor raw material gas and a dopant gas are supplied onto an area in the vicinity of the center of the main surface of the silicon single crystal substrate 12 and an intermediate area thereof through the inner inlet ports 18a and 18b and the middle inlet ports 18c and 18d, and only H2 gas and the semiconductor raw material gas without the dopant gas are supplied onto an area in the vicinity of the outer periphery thereof from the outer inlet ports 18e and 18f.

Abstract: An imaging optical system for an oblique incidence interferometer comprises first and second optical systems and an intermediate imaging surface therebetween. Each of the first and second imaging optical systems comprises two telecentric lenses, arranged afocal to each other, having respective focal lengths different from each other. A first image of a surface to be inspected having a deformed aspect ratio with respect to this surface is formed on the intermediate imaging surface by way of the first imaging optical system. The second imaging optical system is arranged such that the first image is focused onto the imaging surface of the interferometer as a second image corrected so as to have substantially the same aspect ratio as that of the surface to be inspected.

Abstract: A solid cosmetic composition, which drastically improves the shape-retaining ability and usability, which has a good, tender feeling, good spreadability when applied and is glossy looking is provided by use of a wax composition solidifier, which has a good shape-retaining ability without use of a conventional solidifier such as ceresin is provided. A solid cosmetic composition has (a) Fischer-Tropsch wax having average molecular weight of 300 to 1200 and (b) Microcrystalline wax in the weight ratio of (a):(b)=60:40 to 99.9:0.

Abstract: The present invention is an electronic-endoscope apparatus for compensating for lack of light quantity caused by a delayed response from a light shielding mechanism when an all-pixel reading system is used. In the case of, for example, a moving image, this apparatus reads pixel mix data out from a CCD to reproduce motions faithfully. For a still image, this apparatus reads out all pixels obtained by the CCD during a single exposure period using a light shielding period set by a light shielding plate, and outputs this data to a mixing circuit via memories to form a pixel mix signal. This configuration enables a high-quality still image to be obtained. In this case, however, the light quantity may be insufficient due to a delayed response from the light shielding plate. Thus, during the exposure period for still-image formation, the lamp voltage is increased above a normal amount or the diaphragm aperture is increased in order to compensate for the shortage of light quantity.

Abstract: A rod-shaped mesoporous powder which is mainly composed of silicon oxide and has homogenous pore, and obtained by a process comprises, a dissolution step wherein a concentration of 0.3-1.2M of a silicate which is in the range of 0<SiO2/Y2O<2 (Y: alkali metal atom) is dissolved in the presence of a cationic surfactant and the pH is 11 or more, a condensation step wherein the pH is adjusted to 10.5 or less within 30 minutes, a rod micelle is formed with said cationic surfactant and a silicate is condensed on said rod micelle, and a removal step wherein said cationic surfactant is removed from a micelle state condensation which has an outer shell made of the silicate by said condensation.

Abstract: A single-focus lens includes from the object side, a first lens with a positive refracting power having at least one aspheric surface, a stop, a second lens with a negative refracting power, and a third lens with a positive refracting power having at least one aspheric surface. This single-focus lens further satisfies the conditional expression of 0.3<f/f2′3<0.8, where f is the focal length of the lens as a whole, and f23 is the composite focal length of the second and third lenses.

Abstract: A multi-channel integrated circuit is provided in which each channel has an analog section and a digital section. Each channel of the readout chip employs low noise charge sensitive amplifier at its input followed by other circuitry such as shaper, pole-zero, peak hold, different comparators, buffers and digital control and readout. Each channel produces a self-trigger and a fast timing output. Channel-to-channel time differences are also recorded. Integrated circuit also provides a large dynamic range to facilitate large range of applications. The trigger threshold can be adjusted to provide energy discrimination. The chip has different, externally selectable, operational modes including a sparse readout mode in which only the channels which have received signals greater than a preselected threshold value are read out. The sparse readout mode results in increased data throughput, thus providing fast data acquisition capabilities.

Abstract: A near-field microscope comprising: a probe for scattering a near-field light; light emitting device including a light source for emitting light to a sample or said probe; and light sampling device for sampling and detecting a light that includes information of the sample scattered by said probe, said microscope comprising: control device for spacing said sample or probe from a field of a near-field light generated by said light emission or disposing the sample or probe at a position that is shallow in a field of near-field light, thereby detecting a noise by said light sampling device; inserting said sample or probe deeply into a field of near-field light generated by said light emission, thereby detecting light intensity by said light sampling device; and computing device for computing a measurement result obtained by subtracting a noise from said light intensity.

Abstract: A method of detecting a posture of an object comprises the steps of acquiring fringe image data carrying phase information of the object; subjecting the whole or part of fringe image data to arithmetic processing using Fourier transform so as to determine a tilt frequency of a fringe corresponding to an inclination of the object in the fringe image data; and detecting the inclination of the object according to the tilt frequency.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a light control system for electronic endoscopes which provides sufficiently bright images during observation of distant objects, allows stable light control during observation of close objects, and prolongs lamp life. The light control system comprises a CCD drive circuit for controlling a CCD, a microcomputer, a diaphragm drive circuit for driving a diaphragm, a lamp voltage control circuit for variably controlling lamp voltage, and a DVP for generating a luminance signal, wherein the diaphragm drive circuit controls the opening of the diaphragm based on the luminance signal received from the DVP and a constant voltage V1 is normally supplied to the lamp, but a larger voltage up to V2 may be supplied on instructions from the microcomputer if the luminance of an image is insufficient even with the diaphragm fully open.

Abstract: A golf iron head protector including a tubular member of cylindrical or polygonal shape to be inserted into the golf bag, nine or ten pipes for holding the shafts of nine or ten golf irons, said nine or ten pipes being fixed to the outer surface of the tubular member so that the axes of the pipes are oriented in parallel with the axis of the tubular member, and being fixed to the outer surface of the tubular member at predetermined intervals so as to be disposed in an approximately ring-shape in plan view, and nine or ten band shaped head supports for supporting the nine or ten golf iron heads so as not to bring them into contact with each other by clamping the golf iron heads to the tubular members, said head supports being provided to portions of the outer surface of the tubular member located obliquely above the nine or ten pipes.

Abstract: The main surface on the side of a p-type layer of a GaP-base semiconductor is defined as a first main surface, and the main surface opposite thereto as a second main surface. The second main surface is lapped and then etched using aqua regia to thereby collectively form thereon specular concave curved surfaces which swell inwardly into the semiconductor substrate in order to enhance total reflection of light. On the other hand, the area on the surface of semiconductor substrate excluding that for forming a first contact layer and excluding the second main surface are subjected to anisotropic etching to thereby collectively form outwardly-swelling convex curved surfaces in order to reduce total reflection of light. A second contact layer (second electrode) to be formed on the second main surface is composed of an alloy of Au, Si and Ni, and a first contact layer to be formed on the first main surface is composed of an alloy of Au as combined with either of Be and Zn.

Abstract: Multi-pattern data retention testing and iterative change of measurement testing are used for the production of Known Good Dies. Multi-pattern data testing of a memory such as an SRAM comprises writing at Vdd, reduction of Vdd, restoration of Vdd, reading of the memory, and comparison of write patterns to read patterns to determine accuracy of data retention. Iterative or change of measurement testing involves repeated testing of a die to determine changes in Iddq, changes in multi-pattern data retention, or other changes in chip operating parameters. Defect activating test may be used in combination with change of measurement testing or with multi-pattern data retention testing.

Abstract: When analyzing the fringe pattern of an object to be observed by using Fourier transform method with respect to closed interference fringe image data, the original data expressed by an orthogonal coordinate system are once converted into fringe image data represented by a polar coordinate system, the converted data are analyzed by the conventional Fourier transform method, and then the resulted data are converted back into the original orthogonal coordinate system by inverse coordinate transformation, so as to obtain the wavefront corresponding to the original wavefront to be observed.

Abstract: To provide an electronic endoscope system provided with an objective optical system for optically magnifying an image to be observed by using a variable power lens and an electronic zoom IC circuit for electronically magnifying an image obtained by a CCD. A depth of field at the time of switching between optical variable power and electronic variable power is set at an arbitrary value by key operation etc. of a control panel of a processor. When the depth of field becomes a setting value, for example, 16 mm (lens position before Near end), during the operation of optical variable power based on the operation of a variable power switch, electronic variable power is executed by the electronic zoom IC circuit. Thereby, an enlarged image in which the depth of a subject to be observed with irregularities is properly in focus can be obtained.

Abstract: A formation method of a two-dimensional code is characterized by including the steps of: storing each cell having a bright pattern or a dark pattern as 0 or 1 in a two-dimensional array after reading a bit map file; calculating a number of round dots contained in a cell from the size of one cell to be laser-marked and a processed diameter of a round dot formed by a laser beam according to material processed; obtaining a processed area from the two-dimensional array stored and the size of one cell; setting a plurality of cell frames in a checked pattern with this center point as a base; arranging the round dots in equal intervals in the cell frames; storing in memory the coordinates of beam spots corresponding to the respective round dots arranged; and outputting process data stored in this memory to a laser marker and performing laser-marking.