Abstract: An image display apparatus is provided with a memory for storing electrically converted image information therein, a monitor having an image display area for displaying the image information and at least one display orientation designating area for designating an orientaion of the image, an orientation designating unit for designating the display designating area, a detecting unit for detecting the orientation designated by the designating unit, and an orientation converting unit for converting the image information so that the image information displayed on the image display area may be rotated by a predetermined amount in a direction associated with the orientation detected by the detecting unit, and causing the converted information to be displayed on the image display area of the monitor.

Abstract: A transfer method includes a step of disposing a mask and a substrate with a projection optical system interposed therebetween in planes substantially perpendicular to the optical axis thereof; and a step of moving the image plane of the projection optical system and the substrate relative to each other along the optical axis in accordance with a variation in the positional relationship between the mask and the projection optical system along the optical axis while the mask and the substrate are moved perpendicular to the optical axis of the projection optical system, in order to transfer a pattern on the mask onto the substrate.

Abstract: A cassette (10a, 10b, 11), which contains juxtaposed wire staple blanks releasably interconnected to form at least one strip (8) of staple blanks, is adapted to be used in a stapler for driving staples into an object, such as a sheaf of papers. The stapler comprises a base and a stapler head movable in relation to the base. The cassette accommodates a reciprocating staple shaper (20), adapted to successively shape the staple blanks of the strip (8) into U-shaped staples, and a reciprocating staple driver (19), adapted to successively release the thus-formed staples from the strip (8) and drive them into an object. The cassette has a front wall (11) in which the staple shaper (20) and the staple driver (19) are displaceably guided, as well as recesses through which projections on the staple shaper and the staple driver project, so as to engage, when the cassette is mounted in the stapler head, a drive mechanism (4) arranged in the stapler head to reciprocate the staple shaper and the staple driver.

Abstract: An energy absorbing type intermediate shaft structure to be incorporated into a steering device of an automobile for transmitting a steering force of a steering wheel to a steering gear, has a shaft inserted in a tube. The shaft has a small cross-sectional area portion and a pressing portion. A cover tube is present around the small cross-sectional area portion. The location at which the pressing portion is formed is regulated so that with the pressing portion bearing against the cover tube, one end edge of the cover tube may lie around the small cross-sectional area portion. A distance .alpha. between the pressing portion and the cover tube, a distance .beta. between the cover tube and the tube, and a distance .gamma. between the shaft and a member associated with a yoke in the steering device are set to satisfy the condition .alpha.+.beta.<.gamma..

Abstract: In a zoom lens having a negative lens unit and a positive lens unit, a first lens unit G1 has, in succession from the object side, a first negative meniscus lens component L11 having its concave surface facing the image side, a second negative lens component L12 and a third positive lens component L13 having a convex surface facing the object side, a second lens unit G2 has, in succession from the object side, a first positive lens component L21, a second positive lens component L22, a third negative lens component L23 and a fourth positive lens component L24 separated from one another, at least one of the lens surfaces of the first negative meniscus lens component L11 and second negative lens component L12 in the first lens unit G1 is formed into an aspherical shape, and predetermined conditional expressions are satisfied.

Abstract: A plurality of ridge-shaped contact portions are formed on a wafer holder to extend in a direction parallel to the scanning direction, and chucking grooves for chucking the lower surface of a wafer are formed on these contact portions. The lower surface of the wafer is pushed up by movable members which are vertically movably arranged in the Z direction between the contact portions, thereby correcting any curve of the wafer in the transverse direction. Alternatively, the curve of the wafer is corrected by adjusting the pressure in a space defined by adjacent contact portions and the wafer.

Abstract: Alignment between a mask and a photosensitive substrate is performed using a first reference mark formed on the mask and a second reference mark formed on the photosensitive substrate. After that, the mask and the photosensitive substrate are relatively moved, so that an image of one of a light-shielding pattern and a light-transmitting pattern formed at a position different from the first reference mark on the mask is formed on the second reference mark on the photosensitive substrate. Then, a circuit pattern formed on the mask is transferred onto the photosensitive substrate, and a partial region including the second reference mark is exposed with the image of one of the light-shielding pattern and the light-transmitting pattern.

Abstract: In a zoom lens system in which the movement locus of a focusing lens unit is defined by synthesizing a focus cam and a zoom compensation cam, when the sensitivity of movement of an image point in association with the movement, in the direction of the optical axis, of the focusing lens unit in a closest in-focus state is larger than that in an infinity in-focus state, the ratio of the amount of rotation for focusing upon focusing from the infinity position to the closest distance position to the amount of rotation for zooming from the wide-angle end to the telephoto end in the focus cam is set to fall within a predetermined range, so that the sensitivity of movement of an image point in association with the movement, in the direction of rotation, of the focusing lens unit satisfies a specific condition.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a pair of spectacle lenses, comprises a step of adjusting lens curves of the right and left lenses by making a relatively large lens curve of an R1 surface of one lens of the pair of right and left lenses inset in the approximate to a relatively small lens curve of the R1 surface of the other lens of the pair.

Abstract: In order to facilitate the work of pivotally supporting the fore end portion of a rear steering column relative to a support bracket, the small-diametered portions of a pair of right and left pivot pins are inserted into small-diametered circular holes formed in a rear steering column. The large-diametered portions of the pair of right and left pivot pins are forced into large-diametered circular holes in the support bracket. The intermediate portions of spring pins forced from above into restraining holes formed in a vertical direction are brought into engagement with restraining concave grooves formed in the aforementioned large-diametered portions.

Abstract: A defect inspecting apparatus for detecting a defect on a mask formed with a predetermined pattern comprises a first illumination system for transmission-illuminating the mask with light beams, a second illumination system for vertically illuminating the mask with the light beams, a first light receiving optical system for receiving illumination light beams emitted from the first illumination system and penetrating the mask and for forming an image, a second light receiving optical system for receiving illumination light beams emitted from the second illumination system and reflected by the mask and for forming an image, a first photoelectric converting element for detecting the image formed by the first light receiving optical system, a second photoelectric converting element for detecting the image formed by the second light receiving optical system and a signal processing circuit for detecting the defect on the basis of signals from the first and second photoelectric converting elements.

Abstract: A vibration actuator includes a vibration member constituted by two substantially semi-cylindrical elastic members, a relative moving member disposed on an end face of the vibration member, a first electro-mechanical converting element for generating a torsional vibration about the axis of the vibration member, a second electro-mechanical converting element for generating a longitudinal vibration in the axial direction of the vibration member, a pressing member for making the relative moving member and the vibration member press contact with each other, and a support member the outer circumferential portion of the vibration member to protrude therefrom in the radial direction of the vibration member, and which supports the vibration member.

Abstract: An illuminating optical system including a light emitting device for supplying illuminating light, a directing member for directing the light beam from the light emitting device by refracting action, and a moving device for moving at least one of the light emitting device and the directing member in a direction differing from the direction of the optical axis of the directing member and varying the spacing between the light emitting device and the directing member to thereby vary the illumination range at a predetermined distance.

Abstract: An apparatus for discharging flowable material, particularly a powder or other particulate material, is provided with a hopper, bin, silo or the like having a discharge outlet with a closure, also known as an .alpha.-flange, and spaced therefrom a device, such as a cone, for obturating flow of material from the outlet, and a mechanism which is connectible with the obturating device and is operative to open the closure and obturating device in sequence. The mechanism also closes the obturating device and closure in reverse sequence.

Abstract: A scanning exposure apparatus is arranged to illuminate a mask, to project an image of the mask through a projection optical system onto a photosensitive substrate, and to move the mask and the photosensitive substrate relative to the projection optical system, thereby effecting exposure of an entire surface of the mask on the photosensitive substrate, and the exposure apparatus comprises a position detector which detects a relative positional relation between the mask and the photosensitive substrate; a memory which stores positional information obtained by the position detector; a position correcting device which corrects the relative positional relation between the mask and the photosensitive substrate, based on the positional information read out from the memory device; and a controller which makes the position detector detect the relative positional relation between the mask and the photosensitive substrate while the mask and the photosensitive substrate are carried past a projection region of the projec

Abstract: A coordinate position of a stage for supporting a wafer or a reticle which is driven by a linear motor includes a stator and a mover is measured by a laser interferometer, and a thrust obtained from a deviation between the measured coordinate position and an aimed coordinate position is output to a multiplier. Further, a cosine function corresponding to a phase between the stator and the mover is obtained on the basis of the measured coordinate position and is output to the multiplier. Then, an exciting current is supplied to an armature coil of the linear motor on the basis of an output of the multiplier.

Abstract: In a zoom lens system in which the movement locus of a focusing lens unit is defined by synthesizing a focus cam and a zoom compensation cam, and the sensitivity of movement of an image point in association with the movement, in the direction of the optical axis, of the focusing lens unit in infinity and closest in-focus states does not vary so much, the ratio of the amount of rotation for focusing upon focusing from the infinity position to the closest distance position to the amount of rotation for zooming from the wide-angle end to the telephoto end in the focus cam is set to fall within a predetermined range, so that the sensitivity of movement of an image point in association with the movement, in the direction of rotation, of the focusing lens unit satisfies a specific condition.

Abstract: An ophthalmologic apparatus comprises an eye examining apparatus of the hand-held type, an auxiliary apparatus on which the eye examining apparatus is removably mounted, a discrimination circuit for discriminating whether the eye examining apparatus and the auxiliary apparatus are connected together or separated from each other, and a controller for operatively associating the eye examining apparatus and the auxiliary apparatus with each other when the discrimination circuit discriminates that the eye examining apparatus is connected.

Abstract: A method for measuring viscosity and a viscosimeter are disclosed. Thus, a rotary measuring head (3) is introduced into a liquid (1), and the torque exerted on the measuring head (3) is sensed. The measuring head (3) is rotated at a substantially constant speed, and the torque is sensed at two depths of introduction of the measuring head (3) into the liquid (1). The viscosity of the liquid (1) is then calculated on the basis of the change in torque between the two depths of introduction and the distance therebetween.

Abstract: A vibration wave driven motor comprise a comparator for comparing a resonance frequency of the motor with a power supply frequency and a frequency setter for setting the power supply frequency according to a predetermined algorithm in response to the output of the comparator. The frequency setter is provided with an algorithm which, if the power supply frequency is identified lower than the resonance frequency by the comparator, brings the power supply frequency toward an optimum frequency through a predetermined frequency higher than the resonance frequency.