Abstract: A continuous web converting machine is supplied with web material from a spider wheel unwind stand having a shiftable wheel axis. Movement of the spider wheel axis is regulated by a double acting fluid cylinder for controlled force application of the working web supply reel against a closed circuit pulling belt. Depletion of the working reel is detected by a limit switch actuated by contact with the shift carriage. Upon working reel depletion, the pressure bias on the fluid cylinder is reversed and the shift carriage retracted to free the working reel from contact with the pulling belt. Thereafter, the spider wheel is rotatively indexed 120.degree. to align a full working reel and the shift carrier advanced until the full working reel bears into the pulling belt with the desired pressure.

Abstract: Web tension in a creped paper rewinder is controlled at two stations along the web route by respective counterweighted dancer rolls which also serve as sensors for a drive speed control mechanism. Primary drive speed is under programmed control whereby a first, length percentage of a rewind reel length determines the high speed drive duration whereupon the drive speed is reduced to a lower rate for rewind reel length completion. Rewind reels are self-started on vacuum mandrels which are magazine supplied to the reel starting position. The supply web is longitudinally slit into a multiplicity of strips, each strip being wound about the vacuum mandrel in a reel laterally distinct from adjacent reels but with all reels built upon a common axis mandrel. Tails of the several strips are severed from the web supply by traversing cutter-gluer apparatus which simultaneously spots the end of each cut tail with a portion of adhesive to prevent unreeling following strip reel removal from the mandrel.

Abstract: The cyclic application of glue to one face of strip elements continuously delivered edge-to-edge into a reciprocating kicker breech to be collimated into a row forming sheet assembly having thickness equal to the width of individual sheets is controlled by a cascaded series of relays whereby the remotely operated glue guns are not actuated by the final triggering event in the cycle unless a trigger safety device is released by a measurable addition to the cumulative sheet product within the preceding kicker cycle. Additionally, growth of the sheet accumulation is continuously monitored with an actual length comparison to a desired, set-point length. When the desired length is reached, glue gun operation is restrained for one cycle to provide an unbonded interface between the final strip of a preceding sheet and the first strip of a successive sheet.

Abstract: 70 To 85% yield semichemical wood pulping may be prepared for mechanical defibration by cooking comminuted hardwood in a continuous digestion vessel with an alkaline cooking solution wherein 50 to 100% as sodium oxide thereof is sodium carbonate. The solution may be formulated from unmodified kraft recovery process green liquor or, if a sulfur free cooking process is desired, the solution may be formulated from soda ash.

Abstract: A polymer plastic coated paper double-facer corrugating machine equipped with web preheating cylinders having position adjustable wrap control arms is described having a variable response relationship between the machine production speed and a corresponding wrap control arm setting. The double facing nip of the machine is provided with a series coupled pneumatic loading spring and worm jack to set the nip clearance. For transitional support of double faced product between the load variable nip roll and the lower tractor belt of the double-faced board pulling section, an air table is provided.

Abstract: In a paper pulp bleach plant, the concentration of residual caustic in solution with the pulp slurry may be measured as a function of the voltage across cathode and anode poles of an electrolytic cell comprising the pulp slurry solution as the electrolyte and ferro-metallic walls of the slurry container as the cathode or anode pole. The opposite cell pole is selected from a group of metals and alloys thereof discretely removed from iron in the electromotive series, the specific pole metal or alloy within the group being selected on the basis of resistance to chemical reactivity at the point of pole placement in the pulp flow stream. Control over the flow of caustic into the slurry flow stream may be exerted in response to an error signal generated from cascade management of the voltage emissions from two such cells positioned early and late, respectively, in the pulp flow stream respective to the caustic injection point.

Abstract: The fiber orientation of fourdrinier laid machine made paper is simulated with a bench top handsheet mold by means of a two-axis flow convergent nozzle asymmetrically positioned in the slurry reservoir box of the mold. When a pulp slurry is drained of water, a strong flow stream vector component parallel with the forming wire plane is generated within the flow stream as the slurry flows inductively over the nozzle surfaces and from the nozzle throat.

Abstract: The surface texture of plastic film cast against chill rolls may be accurately predicted from the roll surface texture while mounted in a roll finishing machine by correlating a glossmeter measurement of the roll surface to an experimentally determined functional relation between similar rolls and corresponding film product.Means are provided on the glossmeter test base to assure accurate orientation of the instrument relative to the cylindrical surface and axis of the test subject.

Abstract: Uniform embossing on both sides of a web of paper may be obtained in a single pass through an embossing nip by interposing a thin film of tough, resilient material in the form of a continuous belt of approximately 0.050 inch thickness or less between the embossing roll and the backup roll. Stationary guide members, which may be combined with air bearings, are provided to insure proper tracking of the belt.

Abstract: Corrugated board is formed by heating the plastic coated bonding surface of a liner web to a plasticizing temperature against the Teflon coated surface of a rotating heating drum and, while plasticized, fused against the flute crests of a corrugated medium web. The fusion bonded joints are set in the nip of a chilled pressure roll for stripping of the board unit from the corrugating roll surface. Speed of the single-face unit is primarily controlled as a function of the magnitude of angular wrap of the liner web about the heating drum. Temperature of the bonding surface of the liner web is sensed upon removal from the heating drum for the purpose of speed trim adjustment.

Abstract: The bar and channel pattern of a disc refiner plate follows the curve of a continuous circular arc from the stock distribution ring groove to the outer plate periphery. Each channel is of constant sectional flow area to provide uniform flow area into and out of the refiner section.

Abstract: Soap is separated from spent, cellulosic pulping liquor by strenuously percolating a gaseous, aliphatic hydrocarbon through a quantity of liquor volume under such temperature and pressure conditions that an equilibrious strata of liquid phase hydrocarbon is sustained on the surface of the liquor. Following strenuous combination and agitation, the gas-liquor mixture is allowed to settle so that the entrained, gaseous hydrocarbon and coagulated soap floc gravimetrically rises to the liquor surface and stratifies with the soap layer between the residual liquor solution and a liquid phase layer of hydrocarbon. Thereafter, the liquid hydrocarbon and soap layer are decanted away from the residual liquor solution and depressurized to vaporize the hydrocarbon leaving a reservoir of isolated soap.

Abstract: Galvanic electrodeposition of copper onto a cast iron vacuum box from a rubber covered brass couch shell carrying a non-conductive papermakers forming wire may be prevented by electrically connecting the brass couch shell with a sacrificial anode of more noble metal than brass by means of a conductive metal shoe pivotally secured to but electrically insulated from said vacuum box so as to run in conductive contact with the inside surface of said shell.

Abstract: In a corrugated board machine, the stripper finger relief grooves of an adhesive applicator roll may be quickly meshed with corresponding fingers when the applicator roll is to be returned to operating position by use of a manually manipulated alignment guide which confines the fingers laterally to the correct spatial alignment with corresponding grooves.

Abstract: Misshapen elevator lift buckets are reformed without removal from the carrier belt by means of a linear motor socketed on a press bracket that is pivotally secured to the bucket mounting fasteners. Upon expansion of the linear motor, a distorted bucket drag lip is pressed back to substantially correct position.

Abstract: Gas-liquid contact reaction efficiency in a two stage heavy black liquor oxidation process is improved by co-current contact in the first stage and countercurrent contact in the second stage or vice versa. Such improved efficiency is sustained by preventing the obstruction of gas discharge nozzles.

Abstract: Undesirable high concentrations of fiber and moisture in the cross-direction profile of a paper stock slurry laid upon a papermachine fourdrinier screen may be selectively dispersed to level the cross-direction profile by impacting the screen carried pond of slurry at 1.5 to 4 feet down from the headbox slice opening with a fluid spray issued under a pressure drive of from 20 to 100 psi. If a cross-direction high concentration of fiber is to be corrected, the appropriate spray fluid to be used is water. If a cross-direction high concentration of water unaccompanied by a cross-directionally aligned high concentration of fiber is to be corrected, the appropriate spray fluid to be used is air.

Abstract: Pulping liquor borne solids are concentrated within an aqueous solution by a successive plurality of freezing steps wherein a discrete quantity of the solution is crystallized in each step by freezing. The water crystals from each freezing step are subsequently separated from the remaining liquid solution by screening and applying axial pressure to the crystalline mass. Greater efficiencies may be obtained in some cases by mixing or reslurrying a pressed, crystalline mass and pressing a second time. Another auxiliary separation step comprises a quiescent thaw of the crystalline mass from the first two press steps to permit additional dissolved solids to be drained away from the purified water ice.

Abstract: In a paper machine headbox system including a stock pump and a headbox receiving stock from the stock pump, the stock pump is shunted by a by-pass line. The stock flow to the headbox is primarily controlled by controlling the by-pass flow in the by-pass line by use of a by-pass flow control valve. When the by-pass flow control valve approaches one of its operating limits, i.e. either full open or full closed, the flow to the by-pass line is manipulated so as to reposition and maintain the by-pass flow control valve within its operating limits. A logic inhibit means, logically responsive to by-pass flow control signals, inhibits the stock flow rate in the main stock line.

Abstract: To achieve constant brightness from the chlorine stage of a wood pulp bleaching system, the chlorine addition rate is controlled by two white light photosensors positioned, respectively, 1-5 minutes downstream of the chlorine addition point and immediately prior to the chlorine washers. A relative error signal from the late photosensor is cascaded upon the set-point of a signal differentiator for the early photosensor to generate a chlorine valve control signal. The photosensors comprise selenium photocells positioned against a transparent stock conduit window and reflection illuminated by a low power white light source positioned more remotely from the window than the photocell at a discreet offset angle relative thereto. The white light is directed past the photocells, through the windows and into the flow stream; the photocells being responsive to the relative magnitude of white light reflected from the wood pulp. The power generated from the photocell is correlated to the pulp brightness.