Abstract: A method comprises inputting a treatment planning image of a target subject into a machine learning system. The method further comprises determining, by the machine learning system, a first target-subject-specific model of the treatment planning image. The method further comprises applying, by a processing device, the first target-subject-specific model to the treatment planning image to generate a transformed treatment planning image corresponding to a first position of a plurality of positions of the target subject. The method further comprises comparing the transformed treatment planning image to a reference image. The method further comprises, based on the comparing, modifying one or more parameters of the first target-subject-specific model to generate a second target-subject-specific model corresponding to a second position of the plurality of positions.

Abstract: A method of operating a radiation apparatus is described. The method includes selecting at least a first angle and a second angle from a set of angles for a first rotation of a gantry of a radiation apparatus. The method also includes generating, using an imaging device mounted to the gantry, a first tracking image of a target from the first angle during the first rotation of the gantry. The method further includes generating, using the imaging device, a second tracking image of the target from the second angle during the first rotation of the gantry.

Abstract: A method is described including online selecting of at least one of a plurality of optimal imaging times or a plurality of imaging angles and optimizing a parameter of an imaging system based on the online selecting.

Abstract: A linear accelerator target apparatus includes a target material to produce radiation upon being struck by electrons accelerated by a linear accelerator and a target holder assembly to which the target material is attached. The target holder assembly includes a cooling channel disposed around a perimeter of the target material. The target holder assembly is configured to be detachably coupled to a housing of the linear accelerator. The target apparatus further includes a protective window coupled to the target holder assembly over the target material.

Abstract: A method includes detecting a potential setup error in a radiation treatment delivery session of a radiation treatment delivery system, wherein the setup error corresponds to a change in a current position of a treatment target relative to a prior position of the treatment target, and wherein the change includes a rotation relative to the prior position of the treatment target. The method further includes modifying, by a processing device, one or more planned leaf positions of a multileaf collimator (MLC) of a linear accelerator (LINAC) of the radiation treatment delivery system to compensate for the potential setup error corresponding to the rotation of the prior position of the treatment target.

Abstract: A system and method of performing prospective and retrospective on-line adaptive radiotherapy. The method includes performing, during a treatment delivery session, delivery of a dose of radiation to an anatomical volume. The method includes detecting, during the treatment delivery session, a current state of the anatomical volume. The method includes predicting a future change in the current state of the anatomical volume during the treatment delivery session. The method includes adjusting, while the anatomical volume is in the current state, the treatment delivery to anticipate the future change in the anatomical volume.

Abstract: A radiation delivery system includes a radiation source to generate a radiation beam to deliver to a target and a multi-leaf collimator (MLC) operatively coupled to the radiation source, wherein the MLC is offset to shift the MLC in a direction relative to a line from the radiation source to a point of interest to cause projections of the radiation beam to be shifted based on the offset.

Abstract: A radiation delivery system and method of operation are described. The method includes modulating a sub-beam intensity of a radiation beam generated by a radiation source across a plurality of sub-beams that subdivide a fluence field into a two-dimensional (2D) grid, and delivering a plurality of independent two-dimensional (2D) sub-beam intensity patterns from a plurality of angles while the radiation source is moved continuously.

Abstract: A method of operating imaging and tracking. The method includes determining, for each angle of a plurality of angles from which tracking images can be generated by an imaging device, a value of a tracking quality metric for tracking a target based on an analysis of a projection generated at that angle. The method also includes selecting, by a processing device, a subset of the plurality of angles that have a tracking quality metric value that satisfies a tracking quality metric criterion, one or more angles of the subset to be used to generate a tracking image of the target during a treatment stage, wherein the subset comprises at least a first angle and a second angle that is at least separated by a minimum threshold from the first angle.

Abstract: A radiation delivery system that includes a gantry to extend along one or more axes. The gantry is to provide a continuous rotation. The radiation delivery system includes a linear accelerator (LINAC) coupled to the gantry. The LINAC is to generate a treatment beam. The radiation delivery system includes a rotary joint coupled to the gantry. The rotary joint provides a physical connection from the LINAC to an external system that is positioned off the gantry. The physical connection is to transport radio frequency (RF) power.

Abstract: A phantom, calibration system and calibration method are described. The phantom having a phantom body and an X-ray luminescent material, wherein at least a portion of the X-ray luminescent material is on a surface of the phantom.

Abstract: A radiation treatment session is initiated to deliver a therapeutic radiation beam from a therapeutic radiation source to a target. One or more X-ray radiation sources are caused to deliver an imaging radiation beam from the one or more X-ray radiation sources through the target to one or more X-ray detectors to acquire imaging data associated with the target during therapeutic radiation beam delivery. One or more volumetric images are constructed using the acquired imaging data.

Abstract: A method comprises identifying a treatment planning image of a target subject, the treatment planning image comprising information associated with an arrangement of structures within the target subject. The method further comprises generating, based on the information, a set of reference data associated with the target subject, the reference data indicating a plurality of positions of the target subject. The method further comprises generating target-subject-specific models based on the reference data and modifying one or more hyper-parameters of the target-subject-specific mode to generate second target-subject-specific models corresponding to a second position of the plurality of positions. The method further comprises controlling a radiation treatment delivery device based on the second target-subject-specific model to deliver a radiation treatment to the target subject.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for treatment planning using four dimensional imaging data.

Abstract: Systems and methods for tracking a target volume, e.g., tumor, in real-time during radiation treatment are provided. The system includes a memory to store a pre-acquired 3D image of the anatomy of interest in a first reference frame and a processor, operative coupled with the memory, to receive, from an ultrasound probe, a set-up ultrasound image of the anatomy of interest in a second reference frame. The processor further to establish a transformation between the first and second reference frames by registering the set-up ultrasound image with the pre-acquired 3D image and receive, from the ultrasound probe, an intrafraction ultrasound image of the anatomy of interest. The processor further to register the intrafraction ultrasound image with the set-up ultrasound image and track motion of the anatomy of interest based on the registered intrafraction ultrasound image.

Abstract: A method of sequential monoscopic tracking is described. The method includes generating a plurality of projections of an internal target region within a body of a patient, the plurality of projections comprising projection data about a position of an internal target region of the patient. The method further includes generating external positional data about external motion of the body of the patient using one or more external sensors. The method further includes generating, by a processing device, a correlation model between the projection data and the external positional data by fitting the plurality of projections of the internal target region to the external positional data. The method further includes estimating the position of the internal target region at a later time using the correlation model.

Abstract: A method of the present disclosure includes performing, by a processing device, a first image registration between a reference image of a patient and a motion image of the patient to perform alignment between the reference image and the motion image, wherein the reference image and the motion image include a target position of the patient. The method further includes performing, by the processing device, a second image registration between the reference image and a motion x-ray image of the patient, via a first digitally reconstructed radiograph (DRR) for the reference image of the patient. The method further includes tracking at least a translational change in the target position based on the first registration and the second registration.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for operating a radiation treatment delivery system. The method includes generating, by a processing device, a set of instructions for a volumetric imager based on a set of directionalities for a radiation beam of a linear accelerator (LINAC) to avoid a collision between the volumetric imager and the LINAC, wherein the set of instructions comprises physical locations of the volumetric imager and timing values corresponding to the physical locations. The method further includes operating the volumetric imager during the radiation treatment delivery according to the set of instructions.

Abstract: A non-invasive method and system for using 2D angiographic images for radiosurgical target definition uses non-invasive calibration devices and methods to calibrate an angiographic imaging system and a six-parameter registration algorithm to register angiographic images with 3D scan data for radiation treatment planning.

Abstract: A linear accelerator target apparatus includes a target material to produce radiation upon being struck by electrons accelerated by a linear accelerator and a target holder assembly to which the target material is attached. The target holder assembly includes a cooling channel disposed around a perimeter of the target material. The target holder assembly is configured to be detachably coupled to a housing of the linear accelerator. The target apparatus further includes a protective window coupled to the target holder assembly over the target material.