Abstract: A processing device determines a plurality of angles from which tracking images can be generated by an imaging device. The processing device generates a plurality of projections of a treatment planning image of a patient, the treatment planning image comprising a delineated target, wherein each projection of the plurality of projections has an angle that corresponds to one of the plurality of angles from which the tracking images can be taken. The processing device determines, for each angle of the plurality of angles, a value of a tracking quality metric for tracking the target based on an analysis of a projection generated at that angle. The processing device selects a subset of the plurality of angles that have a tracking quality metric value that satisfies a tracking quality metric criterion.

Abstract: A method of operating a radiation apparatus is described that selects at least a first angle and a second angle from the set of angles for a first rotation of the gantry. The method generates, using an imaging device mounted to the gantry, a first tracking image of the target from the first angle during the first rotation of the gantry. The method generates, using the imaging device, a second tracking image of the target from the second angle during the first rotation of the gantry. The method performs targeting tracking based on the first tracking image and the second tracking image.

Abstract: A method of operating a localization array. The method includes providing the localization array in substantially an optimal position. The method also includes maintaining the localization array at substantially the optimal position by controlling movement of the localization array.

Abstract: A method includes receiving, from a volumetric imager, a first image including a target of a patient. The method further includes receiving a second image including the target of the patient. The method further includes tracking, by a processing device, a position of the target using the first image and the second image by maintaining a fixed alignment between a treatment beam of a linear accelerator (LINAC) and a source and detector pair of the volumetric imager during operation of the LINAC.

Abstract: Electromagnetic waves for an accelerating structure of the radiation delivery system are generated by a microwave source. The electromagnetic waves generated by the microwave source are adjusted by an energy adjuster to a first energy level. A kilovolt (kV) imaging beam is generated by the accelerating structure based on the first energy level. The electromagnetic waves generated by the magnetic source are adjusted by the energy adjuster to a second energy level. A megavolt (MV) treatment beam is generated by the accelerating structure based on the second energy level.

Abstract: Images that are associated with an identification of a tracking target of a patient to receive radiation treatment may be received. The images may be sorted into a sequence based on a motion of the patient. The sorted images may be provided via a graphical user interface. The sequence of the sorted images that are based on the motion of the patient may be provided.

Abstract: Localization array position determination in a treatment room coordinate system is described. A method may include imaging, using an imaging system, a position of one or more markers integrated with a localization array in a treatment room and transforming the position of the one or more markers to a treatment room coordinate system. The method also includes determining the position of the localization array in the treatment room coordinate system based on the transforming.

Abstract: An image of a region of interest (ROI) is identified from a first perspective, the image having an uncertainty value associated with the ROI. A model is generated comprising one or more parameters associated with the ROI based on the image. A plurality of tracking quality metrics for a plurality of perspectives that a subsequent image may be captured from by an imaging system of the ROI are determined using the model, the tracking quality metrics indicating a reduction of the uncertainty value associated with the ROI by the subsequent image. A second perspective of the plurality of perspectives for the subsequent image is selected based on a corresponding tracking quality metric of the plurality of tracking quality metrics for the second perspective indicating a reduction of the uncertainty value.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to automatically control the timing of an image acquisition by an imaging system in developing a correlation model of movement of a target within a patient.

Abstract: A phantom is described. The phantom having a spherical phantom body and an X-ray luminescent material, wherein at least a portion of the X-ray luminescent material is on a surface of the phantom.

Abstract: A method of image-guided radiation treatment is described. The method may include acquiring a pre-treatment image of a patient and generating a first set of image data of part or all of the patient using imaging radiation at a first energy level and a second set of image data of part or all of the patient using imaging radiation at a second energy level. The method may also include processing the first and second sets of image data to generate an enhanced image, wherein the enhanced image comprises a combination of the first and second sets of image data, and wherein part or all of the image data comprises the target. The method may also include registering the enhanced image with the pre-treatment image to obtain a registration result and tracking movement and position of the target using the registration result to generate tracking information.

Abstract: A method includes detecting a potential setup error in a radiation treatment delivery session of a radiation treatment delivery system, wherein the setup error corresponds to a change in a current position of a treatment target relative to a prior position of the treatment target, and wherein the change includes a rotation relative to the prior position of the treatment target. The method further includes modifying, by a processing device, one or more planned leaf positions of a multileaf collimator (MLC) of a linear accelerator (LINAC) of the radiation treatment delivery system to compensate for the potential setup error corresponding to the rotation of the prior position of the treatment target.

Abstract: Described herein is a medical linear accelerator including an accelerator target structure constructed of a material having a thickness of less than 0.2 radiation lengths, and an accelerator structure to receive an electromagnetic wave and generate an output therapy dose rate of electrons having a beam energy between 4-25 mega-electronvolts (MeV).

Abstract: A radiation treatment delivery system, includes a linear accelerator (LINAC) and a multileaf collimator (MLC), coupled with the distal end of the LINAC, wherein the MLC has two banks of leaves, organized into a plurality of opposing leaf pairs. The system further includes a processing device, operatively coupled to the LINAC and the MLC, to control the plurality of leaf pairs of the MLC such that for each of a plurality of radiation beam delivery positional sections corresponds to a range of radiation beam positions over a discrete time interval that constrains an overall treatment time and wherein each leaf pair of the plurality of opposing leaf pairs is open to a fixed opening for a fraction of time in the discrete time interval and closed for the remaining fraction of time in the discrete time interval, while a radiation beam of the radiation treatment system is active.

Abstract: A method includes determining a first set of positions for a volumetric imager and determining a second set of positions for a linear accelerator (LINAC), during radiation treatment delivery. The method further includes determining a set of radiation beam directionalities of the LINAC, wherein for each of the second set of positions for the LINAC a radiation beam corresponds to a radiation beam directionality. The method further includes generating instructions for the volumetric imager based on the first and the second set of positions, the radiation beam directionalities, and a treatment time constraint to avoid a collision between the volumetric imager and the LINAC and between the volumetric imager and the radiation beam, wherein the instructions include physical locations of the volumetric imager and timing values corresponding to the physical locations. The method further includes operating the volumetric imager during the radiation treatment delivery according to the set of instructions.

Abstract: A beam profile measurement (BPM) system is described including a BPM phantom including a tank to house liquid, a dosimeter disposed in the tank to detect ionization of a radiation beam emitted from a linear accelerator (LINAC), and a positioning device to move the dosimeter in a vertical direction. The BPM system also includes a BPM controller to operably couple to the BPM phantom and the LINAC. A method is described including positioning, using a BPM controller, a dosimeter of the BPM phantom in a first location, positioning, using the BPM controller, the LINAC in a second location, performing, using the BPM controller, a first movement of the LINAC from the second location to a third location, emitting a radiation beam from the LINAC during the first movement, and performing, via the dosimeter, an ion measurement of the radiation beam during the emitting.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for manipulation of a respiratory model via adjustment of parameters associated with model images is described. A subset of the images that are used with the model that is associated with the position and motion of a targeted region of the patient to receive radiation treatment may be identified. The subset of images may be sorted. A graphical user interface (GUI) that identifies two or more of the images of the sorted subset may be provided. A selection associated with one of the images of the sorted subset may be received by the GUI. Furthermore, a new model to identify the targeted region based on the selection that is associated with one of the two or more images may be generated.

Abstract: A method of image-guided radiation treatment is described. The method may include acquiring digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRRs) of a patient and generating a first set of image data of part or all of the patient using imaging radiation at a first energy level and a second set of image data of part or all of the patient using imaging radiation at a second energy level. The method may also include processing the first and second sets of image data to generate an enhanced image, wherein the enhanced image comprises a combination of the first and second sets of image data, and wherein part or all of the image data comprises the target. The method may also include registering the enhanced image with the DRRs to obtain a registration result, tracking movement and position of the target using the registration result to generating tracking information.

Abstract: A reference image of a patient may be generated. A subsequent x-ray image of the patient may be generated after the generating of the reference image where the subsequent x-ray image is associated with a low dosage. A difference between the reference image and the subsequent x-ray image that is associated with the low dosage may be determined. A motion of the patient may be identified as having occurred based on the determined difference.

Abstract: A radiation therapy apparatus determines a set of angles that have a tracking quality metric value that satisfies a tracking quality metric criterion. During an alignment phase or a treatment phase for a treatment stage of a target by the radiation therapy apparatus, the radiation therapy apparatus performs selects at least a first angle and a second angle from the set of angles for a first rotation of the gantry. The radiation therapy apparatus generates, using an imaging device mounted to the gantry, a first tracking image of the target from the first angle during the first rotation of the gantry. The radiation therapy apparatus generates, using the imaging device, a second tracking image of the target from the second angle during the first rotation of the gantry. The radiation therapy apparatus performs the target tracking based on the first tracking image and the second tracking image.