Abstract: A turbine blade including a blade foot and a blade. The blade foot is formed by a ductile material and the blade comprises a material which is brittle compared to the ductile material but resistant to high temperature. The two materials are alloys of different chemical compositions and are hot-compacted with the formation of a boundary layer joining the blade foot and blade to produce a bimetallic composite material. The blade foot predominantly comprises a titanium-base alloy and the blade comprises a gamma-titanium aluminide containing 0.5 to 8 atomic percent of a dopant. The turbine blade exhibits outstanding mechanical properties at high temperatures, good ductility at room temperature and a long service life.

Abstract: In a gas turbine combustion chamber (1) cooled by means of impingement cooling, the height of the cooling duct (5) formed by the perforated plate (3) and the impingement surface (4) increases continuously in the transverse flow direction to correspond with the supply of cooling air. Tubes (7) are arranged in the cooling duct (5) on the holes (6) of the perforated plate (3) in such a way that the impingement air meets the impingement surface (4) at right angles, the height of the tubes (7) increasing in the transverse flow direction in such a way that the distance between the tubes (7) and the impingement surface (4) is constant over the complete length of the cooling duct (5). By this means, the heat transfer coefficient remains constant along the impingement cooling section and uniform removal of heat is made possible. The cooling effect can be specifically controlled by a suitable choice of the diameter of the holes (6) and the height of the tubes (7).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating a turbocompressor (12) having at least two compressor stages and a cooler (14) to which water is applied as coolant, the heated cooling water having a pressure exceeding the saturation pressure, with the result that said cooling water is partially evaporated in an evaporation vessel (30) at an intermediate pressure level less than the saturation pressure. The steam thus produced evacuates by means of an ejector (34) a second evaporation vessel (32), in which a proportion of the residual water of the first vessel (30) is, in turn, evaporated and the remaining water is cooled below 100.degree. C.

Abstract: The input and/or output device for process data has a mounting rack (1), as well as a plurality of modules (2) fastened on the mounting rack (1). A process connector (4) can be inserted into each of the modules (2) on the front side in each case. Each module (2) has a circuit board (17) which is arranged in a housing (8), as well as a terminal strip (18) which is connected non-positively to the process connector (4). The terminal strip (18) serves to receive contact pins (26) which interact with contacts of the process connector (4). The input and/or output device is intended to demonstrate a high degree of operational reliability even in the case of a high level of mechanical and electromagnetic stresses.

Abstract: In a gas turbine having a plurality of vane carrier segments (2, 2') suspended coaxially in a machine casing (3) the guide vanes (11, 11') are held by their roots (14, 14') in such a manner that the root (14) of each guide vane engages in each case in two vane carrier segments (2, 2') adjoining one another in the axial direction. The roots (14) of the guide vanes (11) are provided with a collar (15) which extends in the axial direction to the inlet plane (16) of the rotor blade (12) lying upstream. The collar makes a seal there against the root (14') of another guide vane (11').

Abstract: In a method for operating a gas turbine group (32) having an integrated steam process (33) and having an air storage installation (34), a partial mass flow (17) is extracted from a high-pressure turbine (15) of the gas turbine group (32) and passed through a heat exchanger (20) for cooling one or a plurality of structures of the gas turbine group (32). This heat exchanger (20) is operated by a cooler medium (4, 6). The partial mass flow (17) cooled in this way is subsequently passed through the structures (18, 19) to be cooled of the gas turbine group (32). By this means, the cooling is achieved of, in particular, the structures installed downstream of the high-pressure turbine (15). The heat generator (18) connected downstream and the low-pressure turbine (19) can be connected in parallel or in series. It is therefore possible to achieve cooling of the loaded structures of the gas turbine group (32) without, in the process, affecting the working gas balance of the installation.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for a combined turbine installation includes a gas turbine group with a compressor having a water cooler, a combustion chamber and a gas turbine, and having a steam turbine installation with a waste heat boiler heated by the exhaust gas from the gas turbine. The waste heat boiler includes an evaporator, drum, enconomizer and superheater, a steam turbine downstream of the waste heat boiler and a combined feed water tank/flash evaporator unit. The feed water tank/flash evaporator is supplied with condensate from a condenser fitted downstream of the steam turbine. Cooling water heated by the compressed air is evaporated in at least one state and the steam produced is fed to the waste heat boiler for further heating, or directly to the steam turbine. In addition, the unevaporated residual water is fed to the feed water tank/flash evaporation unit, and after mixing with the condensate from the steam turbine, is supplied to the compressor cooler.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for determining actual tripping characteristics with the aid of a test apparatus in which test parameters are input with the aid of an input unit. The aim is to specify an appropriate method which works particularly quickly and precisely. This can be achieved when a theoretical tripping characteristic of the respective protective relay is stored in the test apparatus. Each measurement point of the actual tripping characteristic is determined on a locating straight line, the starting point for the measurement being a point of intersection of the locating straight line with the theoretical tripping characteristic. In this case, the locating straight line dissects the theoretical tripping characteristic at an angle. The angle is situated in a range from 60.degree. to 120.degree., 90.degree. being preferred.

Abstract: In an aircraft engine with a fan or propeller drive, in which at least two shafts (1, 2) disposed to rotate coaxially and independently of one another respectively support a separate compressor (3, 4) and a separate turbine (5, 6), wherein a suitable device for combusting the gases is disposed between the compressor (4) disposed last in the flow direction and the first turbine (6), this device for combusting the gases comprises a dynamic pressure machine (9) known per se that operates with isochoric combustion and has a cellular wheel that rotates between respectively a side part on the air side and a side part on the gas side, both provided with input and output openings, and has a number of cells in which a continuously repeating ignition and combustion process takes place. In addition, a high-pressure turbine (10) is disposed behind the dynamic pressure machine (9) on the same shaft (2) as the following medium-pressure turbine (6).

Abstract: A choke coil comprises mutually similar flat bars which are electrically connected at the corners. Each coil winding comprises an integral number of mutually similar flat bars which in each case lie on top of one another on contact areas at the corners so as to overlap over a large area. Insulating plates and/or insulating layers having a size approximately equal to the contact area are provided between two adjacent windings at the corners. The stack formed in this way is held together exclusively by means of a clamping device comprising clamping elements which do not cut or pierce the flat bars. A choke constructed in this manner is simple and economical to manufacture can be cooled well and can be produced in virtually any size.

Abstract: In a stabilizing device for extending the characteristic diagram of a compressor, which consists of a ring permanently attached to the impeller vanes of the impeller and a recess in the casing of the compressor in the form of a rotationally symmetrical groove, the ring is limited to the inlet region of the impeller and attached there in such a way that on rotation of the impeller, the ring can be moved in the recess, there being only a conventional close clearance between the ring and the wall of the casing. Due to this structure, the formation of a gap flow from the side of the vane at high pressure to that at low pressure is prevented, which leads to an increase in the efficiency of the compressor and to the widening of the compressor characteristic. The vibration loading on the vanes is lowered at the same time.

Abstract: In a gas turbine combustion chamber having an annular combustion space, the combustion chamber inlet is equipped with a plurality of burners, which are uniformly distributed in the peripheral direction and are fastened to a front plate. Scavenged Helmholtz resonators (21) consisting of supply tube (51), resonance volume (50) and damping tube (52) are arranged in the region of the burners. The damping tubes (52) are designed so as to be exchangeable, for which purpose the walls of the combustion space are provided with a manhole.

Abstract: A turbine blade, preferably used in the low pressure stages of a steam turbine, is formed from a basic titanium alloy. Near the blade tip, it has a region, including the blade leading edge with a surface of a material which is more resistant to erosion than the basic titanium alloy.This turbine blade should be simple to manufacture and should have a long life even under difficult operating conditions.This is achieved in that the region including the blade leading edge has a protective layer formed by surface treatment of the basic titanium alloy by means of a high-power energy source, such as, in particular, a laser.

Abstract: In a method of operating a gas turbine group (34) with or without integrated steam process (20) and with or without an air reservoir installation (20), a series connection with one and the same air mass flow (16, 17) is used for cooling one or more structures (15, 18, 19) which are in effective connection with the mass flow of the gas turbine group (34), the cooling air mass flow being extracted from a position which has a sufficiently low temperature.

Abstract: In a gas turbine having a blade carrier (2) which is suspended coaxially in a turbine casing (3), both the turbine casing and the blade carrier are provided with a horizontal junction plane. An exhaust gas casing (5), whose bounding walls consist essentially of an annular inner part on the hub side and an annular outer part (7), is gastightly connected by means of an annular flange (7A) to an annular flange (3A) of the turbine casing (3). Between the annular flanges a two-part separating ring (13) having at least one conically extending face (13A) is disposed. The angle of the conically extending face (13A) has a self-locking effect.

Abstract: In a method for operating a silo combustion chamber (A) of a gas turbine, this combustion chamber is equipped with a number of premixing burners (B), these burners being arranged so that they are subdivided in groups within the combustion chamber (A). At least one group is equipped with controllable premixing burners. Very high demands are made on the quality of the combustion during the operation of such a combustion chamber (A), particularly in the full-load range, in order to meet the stringent NO.sub.x emission regulations. For this purpose, the last group to be switched on is controlled at full load in accordance with the ambient conditions. A load control system also acts at part load. By this means, it is possible to prevent a fluctuation of the NO.sub.x emissions due to the varying ambient conditions.

Abstract: In a method for determining a frequency/time profile of hit sequences and the corresponding device, a measuring window is opened after an external starting signal has been locked. As long as the measuring window is open, the clock periods are counted. If a hit occurs, it is marked with the number of clock periods elapsed up until it occurs, the so-called time mark. The number of hits with this specific time mark determined hitherto is implemented by one. Repeated opening of the measuring window results in a frequency/time profile of the hit sequences due to the fact that, for each value of the time mark, the number of correspondingly marked hits is added together. The hit detection, the hit analysis and the final hit processing all occur in real time for each individual hit in a single measuring step, i.e. the processing of a hit sequence is already concluded immediately after a measuring cycle has elapsed.

Abstract: The use of a pressure wave machine as energy exchanger (C) in a gas turbine plant makes it possible, owing to the self-cooling cellular wheel (22), to employ substantially higher temperatures. However, in order to be able to make full use of this advantage, steam cooling (13) is applied for the low-pressure gas outlet ducts (35, 37), while in addition means are provided for utilizing the heated cooling steam in a part of the gas turbine, for example in the combustion chamber (D) or in the turbine (B).

Abstract: Direct current arc furnaces (8) have a current regulator (14) for maintaining the current of an arc (10) constant, and an electrode control (18) for affecting the position of an electrode (7) of the arc furnace (8) and thus the length of an arc (10). Control of the position of the electrode (7) is effected by means of a hydraulic electrode adjustment device (21), which is controlled as a function of the difference between a predeterminable electrode control input signal (.alpha..sub.soll) and an actual rectifier value signal (.alpha..sub.ist) at the output of the current regulator (14). In this way the length of the arc is controlled in such a way that a rectifier (5) operates with a mean control of, for example, 25.degree. el., independent of the secondary voltage of a furnace transformer (2) and of a set current reference value (i.sub.soll).

Abstract: To avoid peripheral current-density overshoots in a turn-off power semiconductor device, in particular an MOS-controlled thyristor MCT having a multiplicity of separate MCT cells ((M1, . . . , M3), the unit cells (here: MCT cells (M1, . . . , M3)) are combined in groups to form segments (SE) and are surrounded peripherally by peripheral short-circuit regions (10, 15) which are embedded in the semiconductor substrate (1) from the cathode side and are directly connected to the cathode contact (2). At the same time, the peripheral short-circuit regions (10) are of the same conductivity type as the anode-side emitter layer (8).