Abstract: Amino-group bearing, low molecular weight 1,3-butadiene polymers used as stabilizers for molded or unshaped plastics in amounts of 0.01 to 2.0 weight percent referred to the plastic, where the amino-group bearing component is derived from a substituted piperidine having the general formula: ##STR1## where R represents similar or different alkyl groups having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A polyamide molding composition filled with fine particulate metals for injection molding into practice hand grenades and shells which disintegrate into small pieces.

Abstract: A process for reacting alpha-olefins having a single branch of the following general structure: ##STR1## where a,b and c are 7.ltoreq.a+b+c+4.ltoreq.40 and where a.noteq.b, a.noteq.c, a<b, with carbon monoxide and water or alkanols in the presence of a catalytic system consisting of a cobalt compound and a promoter selected from the group pyridine, a non-ortho-substituted alkylpyridine or a mixture thereof at a pressure of at least 50 bars and at a temperature of 175.degree. to 230.degree. C. into an isomer mixture of carboxylic acids or carboxylic acid alkylesters which is more than 50% acids or esters formed by functionalizing carbon atoms C.sup.2 or C.sup.3 of the general formula where the reaction is carried out with a promoter to cobalt ratio of 2:1 to 15:1 (atoms of nitrogen to atoms of cobalt) and at olefin conversions exceeding 50%.

Abstract: Copolyether ester amides having a melting point between about 85.degree. and 140.degree. C. from:(A) lactams of omega-aminocarboxylic acids and/or equivalent amounts of dicarboxylic acids and diamines as polyamide-forming compounds; and(B) dicarboxylic acids and polyalkylene oxide diols as polyether ester forming compounds as thermoplastic adhesives for heat sealing textiles, wherethe polyamide forming compounds consist of at least 30% by weight of lauryllactam and the remaining compounds together with lauryllactam result in copolyamides which have melting points which lie in the range between about 90.degree. to 150.degree. C.;aliphatic dicarboxylic acids are used as the dicarboxylic acids; andcomponents A and B are used in the weight ratio from 93/7 to 35/65.

Abstract: The pretreating of thermoplastic substrates containing carbonamide groups and an inorganic, fine-particulate adhesion filler, is improved to produce strongly adhering metal coatings thereon, by combining the following steps: the pickling is divided in at least two partial steps, where the first partial step comprises predipping in a pickling solution such as 50 to 96% sulfuric acid where the surface tension is lowered to at most 25 mN/m at 20.degree. C., and the pretreated plastic is dried at 70.degree. to 110.degree. C. before the actual galvanic metal deposition.

Abstract: A method for producing high molecular-weight polyphenylene oxides which comprises the oxidative coupling of a diortho-substituted phenol in the presence of a copper-amine complex, and an activator of a polyvalent alcohol, an alkali or alkaline earth hydroxide, and, if necessary, the hydrobromide of a secondary amine.

Abstract: Impact-resistant modified styrene polymers having the characteristics: molecular weight M.sub.v 150,000 to 170,000; gel content exceeding 22%; degree of swelling of 11.5 to 13.5 and a mean gel particle diameter of 1.7 to 4.5 microns are produced by continuously polymerizing a styrene solution of polybutadiene, possibly in the presence of diluents, by means of a cascade consisting of at least three continuous stirred tank reactors, at rising temperatures and in the presence of organic peroxide initiators. The process steps are carried out as follows:(a) in a first continuous stirred tank reactor, a continuously introduced solution of styrene containing from 8 to 10.

Abstract: Method for manufacturing polyether ester amides by polycondensing at ordinary or reduced pressure, optionally in the presence of catalysts. A hot melt of:(a) polyamides having carboxyl end groups with polyethers having hydroxyl end groups and amino end groups;(b) polyamides having carboxyl end groups and polyethers having hydroxyl end groups;(c) polyamides having carboxyl end groups with polyethers having amino end groups; or(d) polyamides having amino end groups with polyethers having carboxyl end groups;is treated at temperatures from about 200.degree. to 300.degree. C. and at a water vapor pressure of about 5 to 25 bars with mechanical agitation and after water is removed by decompression the polycondensation of the polyether ester amide is carried out.

Abstract: A process for producing predominantly linear aliphatic carboxylic acid esters by reacting olefins, carbon monoxide and alkanols at elevated pressures and elevated temperatures in the presence of a catalyst consisting of a cobalt compound and a promoter. The promoter is the possibly cobalt-free mixture of substances obtained when a reaction mixture that was prepared by reacting olefins, carbon monoxide and alkanol in the presence of a catalyst consisting of a cobalt compound and pyridine, a non-ortho-substituted alkylpyridine or mixtures at elevated pressure and elevated temperature is reprocessed. This mixture of substances has a higher boiling point than the esters formed as the reaction product and higher than the pyridine, non-ortho-substituted alkylpyridine or mixtures thereof used as the catalytic component.

Abstract: Tertiary-butanol in an aqueous solution containing from 40 to 90 percent by weight of tertiary butanol in homogeneous and liquid phase is dehydrated at a fixed catalytic bed consisting of a strongly acidic ion exchange resin at a temperature from 80.degree. to 150.degree. C. and at a pressure from 5 to 25 bars for the purpose of producing isobutene by dehydrating tertiary butanol.Thereupon the homogeneous, liquid reaction mixture is fractionated in a distillation sector separate from the reaction chamber, the isobutene being separated from the water and from the unreacted tertiary butanol. The unreacted tertiary butanol is returned as an aqueous solution in a circulating flow rate to the reactor under the conditions that the mixture of fresh-fed tertiary butanol and the circulating tertiary-butanol/water mix contains from 40 to 90 percent by weight of tertiary butanol at the reactor inlet.

Abstract: A method for preparing carboxylic acid alkylester after products free of nitrogen containing compounds. These after products, free of nitrogen containing compounds, are prepared by:(1) reacting olefins with carbon monoxide and alkanols in the presence of a catalyst system consisting of a cobalt compound and pyridine, non-orthosubstituted alkylpyridines or a mixture of these pyridines at elevated pressures and elevated temperatures to produce carboxylic acid alkylesters containing nitrogenated compounds resulting from the pyridines;(2) hydrogenating the carboxylic acid alkylesters to produce after products which include alcohols; and(3) treating the after products with acid ion exchangers to remove the nitrogenated compounds.

Abstract: A process for preparing fatty acid esters by reacting olefins, alkanols and carbon monoxide in the presence of a compound of cobalt and a promoter consisting of pyridine, non-orthosubstituted alkylpyridines or mixtures thereof. The reaction output is at first treated with a gas containing oxygen in a non-damaging manner and then reprocessed in two distillation stages. The first distillation stage is operated at a higher pressure than the second. In the first distillation stage there is produced a distillate free of cobalt and a sump product containing all of the cobalt used as catalyst. In the second distillation stage the sump product of the first distillation stage is again distilled to produce another distillate free of cobalt and a cobalt concentrate as sump product. This cobalt concentrate is incorporated into pyridine, a non-orthosubstituted alkylpyridine or a mixture thereof to form a suspension. The suspension is then treated by a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen at a temperature of 100.degree.

Abstract: Fine particulate expandable flame retardant styrene polymers having an improved minimum mold dwell time and reduced block shrinkage are prepared by:(a) mixing together styrene monomer or a mixture of styrene and a cpolymerizable monomer with an organic halogen compound and an expanding agent in an aqueous disperson;(b) adding before or during polymerization to the mixture of (a) from 0.0001 to 0.1% by weight of an epoxidation product of an aliphatic hydrocarbon of which the epoxidated aliphatic chain comprises from 6 to 18 C atoms, this epoxidation product being soluble in the monomers;(c) carrying out a polymerization in the aqueous suspension of (a) and (b) using radical forming initiators at temperatures of 80.degree. C.-130.degree. C. to form expandable particles;(d) pre-forming the expandable particles resulting from (c);(e) ageing the pre-formed particles of (d); and(f) molding the pre-formed and aged particles of (e) in a pressure resistant mold.

Abstract: Fire retardant, expanded styrene polymer shaped objects are prepared by:(a) mixing styrene monomer or a mixture thereof with at least one comonomer, an expanding agent and a fire retardant, organic halogen compound in a aqueous dispersion;(b) adding to (a) either before or during polymerization from about 0.0001 to 0.1 percent by weight esters soluble in the organic phase of (a), these esters of aliphatic dicarboxylic acids and aliphatic epoxy alcohols having at least 11 carbon atoms;(c) polymerizing the aqueous dispersion of (a) and (b) using radical forming initiators at a temperature of about 80.degree. to 130.degree. C.;(d) separating bead polymers having diameters between about 0.4 and 3 mm;(e) pre-foaming the beads;(f) ageing the pre-foamed beads; and(g) final forming the aged and pre-foamed beads in a pressure resistant mold.

Abstract: A polyurethene powder enamel comprising a mixture of(a) an adduct of a uretidinedione dimer of isophorone diisocyanate and a diol having the following formula: ##STR1## n.gtoreq.1, and R'=a divalent aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic, or aromatic hydrocarbon radical, which is the residue of the diol,wherein the ratio of NCO to OH groups in the formation of said condensation product is from 1:0.5 to 1;0.9, the mole ratio of uretidinedione to diol is from 2:1 to 6:5, the content of free isocyanate groups in said adduct is not greater than 8% by weight, and said adduct has a molecular weight between 500 and 4000 and a melting point between 70.degree. C. and 130.degree. C., and(b) a polyol having an OH-functionality of 2.2 to 3.5, an average molecular weight of 2000 to 4500, a hydroxyl number of 30 to 100 mg KOH/g, a viscosity of <80,000 mPa.s at 160.degree. C. and a melting point between 65.degree. C. and 120.degree. C.

Abstract: The activity and the service life of supported silver catalysts used in the preparation of ethylene oxide by the catalytic vapor phase oxidation of ethylene with molecular oxygen are extended by using mixtures of:(a) supported silver catalysts and promoter metal compounds;(b) supported silver catalysts and supported promoter metal compounds;(c) promoter metal compound treated supported silver catalysts and promoter metal compounds; or(d) promoter metal compound treated supported silver catalysts and supported promoter metal compounds.Promoter metal compounds containing about 0.001-0.05% by weight rubidium, about 0.01-0.20% by weight potassium, about 0.001-0.5% by weight cesium or about 0.01-0.25% by weight barium, based on the total weight of catalyst, are suitable.

Abstract: Copper(II) chloride is prepared from copper(II) oxychloride in a nonpolar solvent, preferably during oxychlorination. As the source of hydrogen chloride, the hydrochlorides of certain tertiary amines having 12-40 carbon atoms in total are utilized. The amine contains at most one N-methyl group and its dissociation constant K.sub.a of the equilibrium reactionNR.sub.3 H.sup..sym. +H.sub.2 O.revreaction.NR.sub.3 +H.sub.3 O.sup..sym.is 10.sup.-3.5 to 10.sup.-8.5. Preferred tertiary amines are a trialkylamine of 15-36 carbon atoms; an N-alkylazacycloalkane of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is alkyl of 6-15 carbon atoms, 5.ltoreq.n.ltoreq.8, ALK represents one or more alkyl substituents, and the N-alkylazacycloalkane contains at least 15 carbon atoms; or an N,N-dialkylaniline wherein each alkyl group independently contains 6-12 carbon atoms and the benzene ring is optionally substituted by one or more alkyl groups of 1-3 carbon atoms each.

Abstract: A process for recovering and reactivating catalysts used in the reaction of olefins with carbon monoxide and alkanols. The catalysts consist of a cobalt compound and pyridine, a non-ortho-substituted alkylpyridine or a mixture thereof as the promoter. The reacted mixture contains fatty acid ester, unconverted alkanol, uncoverted olefin, catalyst and promoter and this reacted mixture is treated with oxygen or an oxygenated gas at a temperature of about 20.degree.-150.degree. C. to oxidize the cobalt compound. The oxidized mixture is then separated by distillation to remove unconverted alkanol and olefin, the promoter, the reaction products and the distillation residue obtained thereby is mixed with pyridine, a non-ortho-substituted alkylpyridine or a mixture thereof. The suspension so obtained is treated with a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen at a temperature of 100.degree. to 250.degree. C. and at a pressure of at least 50 bars.

Abstract: Fire retardant, expanded styrene polymer shaped objects are perpared by:(a) mixing styrene monomer or a mixture thereof with at least one comonomer, an expanding agent and a fire retardant, organic halogen compound in a aqueous dispersion;(b) adding to (a) either before or during polymerization from about 0.0001 to 0.1 percent by weight esters soluble in the organic phase of (a), these esters of aliphatic dicarboxylic acids and aliphatic epoxy alcohols having at least 11 carbon atoms;(c) polymerizing the aqueous dispersion of (a) and (b) using radical forming initiators at a temperature of about 80.degree. to 130.degree. C.;(d) separating bead polymers having diameters between about 0.4 and 3 mm;(e) pre-foaming the beads;(f) ageing the pre-foamed beads; and(g) final forming the aged and pre-foamed beads in a pressure resistant mold.

Abstract: A method for producing a carrier for a catalyst comprising the steps of mixing solutions of a soluble salt of aluminum and a soluble salt of silicic acid in a ratio that gives a precipitate comprising aluminum silicate having a weight ratio of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 :SiO.sub.2 of 1:5 to 1:7, forming the precipitate into a carrier body, consolidating the carrier body by heating, and contacting the carrier body with an acid to reduce the Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 content to 1-5%. Thus produced carrier bodies are useful for catalyzing the hydration of olefins to alcohols when impregnated with phosphoric acid.