Abstract: An X-ray tube includes a radiopaque substrate including a window portion, an X-ray transmission window closing the window portion, an X-ray target provided at the window portion from an inner surface side of the substrate, a highly-evacuated container portion attached to the inner surface of the substrate, a cathode, a first control electrode and a second control electrode provided inside the container portion. A shielding electrode is provided at the inner surface of the substrate so as to surround the window portion. Electrons collide with the X-ray target to generate X-rays. Electrons reflected on the X-ray target between the shielding electrodes are absorbed by the shielding electrodes, so an inner surface of the container portion is not charged. The electron emission from the cathode is not affected by the reflected electrons, so a change in target current is small, and thus X-rays of substantially constant intensity can be radiated.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing liquid crystal display devices comprising a step for forming a transparent electrode and a circuit element of semiconductor on the surface of a pair of transparent substrates, and various steps for applying a photoresist, exposing to the light, etching, releasing the photoresist, inspecting the electrodes and circuit elements of semiconductor, forming an insulating film, forming an alignment film, rubbing the alignment film, spreading spacers, applying a sealing agent, fabricating a cell, filling a liquid crystal, pasting a polarizing plate, and connecting a driver IC characterized in that a soft X-ray is irradiated to the substrate in at least one step prior to the rubbing of the alignment films to produce liquid crystal display devices, at a high yield, in which devices number of pixel defect is small.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing liquid crystal display devices comprising a step for forming a transparent electrode and a circuit element of semiconductor on the surface of a pair of transparent substrates, and various steps for applying a photoresist, exposing to the light, etching, releasing the photoresist, inspecting the electrodes and circuit elements of semiconductor, forming an insulating film, forming an alignment film, rubbing the alignment film, spreading spacers, applying a sealing agent, fabricating a cell, filling a liquid crystal, pasting a polarizing plate, and connecting a driver IC characterized in that a soft X-ray is irradiated to the substrate in at least one step prior to the rubbing of the alignment films to produce liquid crystal display devices, at a high yield, in which devices number of pixel defect is small.

Abstract: An X-ray detecting element detects an image produced by X-ray irradiation. An apparatus case capable of being inserted into a mouth has an X-ray irradiation face having different dimensions in two directions perpendicular to each other, and houses the X-ray detecting element. A cable is connected to the apparatus case to transmit a signal from the X-ray detecting element to the outside of the apparatus case. The cable is drawn out from the apparatus case in a direction which is parallel with the X-ray irradiation face and perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the X-ray irradiation face. According to this configuration, the cable does not obstruct the imaging operation in a course of imaging teeth in a mouth, particularly a molar portion. Therefore, an imaging operation can be easily conducted without giving the subject an unpleasant feeling.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for producing positive and negative ions and/or electrons in a gas of any atmosphere without producing dust, a method and structure for neutralizing a charged body in a short period of time and for completely preventing static electricity from being generated, and various apparatuses and structures, such as a conveyor, wet bench, and clean room, which use the neutralizing method and structure. The gaseous ion producing apparatus produces positive and negative ions and/or electrons in a gas by irradiating, with electromagnetic waves in a soft X-ray region, the gas under a high pressure, atmospheric pressure, or reduced pressure. In the neutralizing structure an X-ray unit is arranged at an appropriate place to apply the electromagnetic waves in a soft X-ray region to the atmospheric gas surrounding a charged body.

Abstract: A digital X-ray imaging apparatus comprises an X-ray generator 6 for generating X-rays toward a subject, an X-ray imaging device 7 for detecting an image of X-rays having passed through the subject, a swivel member 4 and a horizontal movement means 8 provided with the X-ray generator 6 and the X-ray imaging device 7 opposed to each other to relatively move the X-ray generator 6 and the X-ray imaging device 7 with respect to the subject, a CPU 21 for producing a tomographic image in accordance with an imaging signal from the X-ray imaging device 7, frame memories and an image display unit 26 for displaying the tomographic image. The X-ray imaging device 7 includes a MOS image sensor having a plurality of two-dimensional light-receiving pixels. With this configuration, a tomographic image along a given tomographic plane can be produced by a signal X-ray imaging operation, and the imaging sensitivity of the digital X-ray imaging apparatus can be enhanced.

Abstract: A medical X-ray imaging apparatus is provided, which comprises an X-ray source, an X-ray imaging device for detecting an image of X-rays having passed through a subject and a swivel member for-rotating the X-ray source and the X-ray imaging device around the subject. The X-ray imaging device comprises a CCD sensor for performing the TDI operation and a dosage sensor for detecting X-rays having passed. Dosage signal Y and transfer speed signal X corresponding to the frequency of a false vertical transfer clock are supplied to a divider, and control signal Z is outputted. When control signal Z is supplied to an X-ray control circuit via a delay circuit, the X-ray irradiation dosage of the X-ray source can be feedback-controlled properly.

Abstract: Images are to be satisfactorily continued even at joints of image regions.The surface of a fluorescent screen on which an X-ray image is to be formed is partitioned in the longitudinal direction of a slit, into image regions. From the image regions, image information is guided to CCD imaging elements by optical fiber bundles. Boundaries of the image regions are formed so as to be inclined with respect to the longitudinal direction of a slit.

Abstract: The present invention provides an X-ray tomographic imaging apparatus, wherein image degrading components caused by a CCD sensor (3c) or the like are reduced so as to obtain high-quality X-ray images. After tomographic imaging, dark current noise is eliminated by subtracting dark current correction data from a specific line of data among image data stored in an image memory. Next, sensitivity correction coefficients are prepared on the basis of data obtained when an X-ray beam having nearly uniform intensity distribution enters an X-ray imaging device 3. The image data obtained after dark current correction is then multiplied by the sensitivity correction coefficients. As a result, noise due to sensitivity variations or the like can be eliminated.

Abstract: The present invention provides a panoramic imaging apparatus capable of obtaining a clear tomographic image even when the rotation speed of a swivel member changes. The clock for driving an FFT CCD device in accordance with the TDI method is set on the basis of the angular speed .omega. of the arm detected by a tachogenerator and a function value f (.theta.) which responds to the rotation angle .theta. of the swivel member detected by an angle detector and used to determine a tomographic orbit. The angle detector is provided with a cam having a shape having been set in accordance with the relationship between the rotation angle .theta. and the film feeding speed at the time of performing X-ray panoramic imaging by using photographic films. The signal of the angular speed .omega. and the signal of the function value f (.theta.) corresponding to the angle .theta. are added by an analog multiplier, and subjected to frequency modulation by a V/F converter to create a TDI clock.

Abstract: A medical X-ray tomographing apparatus, wherein the output end surfaces of a plurality of optical fiber bundles are optically coupled to the image pickup surfaces of vertically long solid-state image pickup devices, such as one-dimensional image sensors, and the input end surfaces of a plurality of the optical fiber bundles having a vertically long cross-sectional shape being identical to that of the output end surfaces thereof are optically coupled individually to a plurality of vertically long divisions obtained by dividing the fluorescent surface of a scintillator in the width direction thereof. With this apparatus, it is not necessary to significantly contract the size of the image on the fluorescent surface, thereby remarkably reducing the number of the solid-state image pickup devices and the number of the divisions of the fluorescent surface.

Abstract: A medical X-ray image detecting device arranged such that an X-ray image sensor comprising an x-ray fluorescent element, a solid-state image pickup device and a plurality of optical fiber bundles for optically connecting the fluorescent surface of the X-ray fluorescent element to the image pickup surface of the image pickup device, is housed in an outer casing, the medical image detecting device being characterized in that it further comprises an X-ray intensity detecting element disposed in the casing adjacent to the X-ray fluorescent element. Clear X-ray images with a constant blackening degree can be obtained by controlling X-ray radiation time using the X-ray dose calculated by integrating the X-ray intensity output from the X-ray intensity detecting element with respect to X-ray exposure time.

Abstract: An input incoherent optical image to be supplied to a microchannel spatial light modulator (MSLM) is produced by a CRT in accordance with an input electric signal provided from a computer. An output coherent optical image is read-out by launching a laser beam into an electro-optic material incorporated in the MSLM which stores the input image as a refractive index distribution.

Abstract: A spatial light modulation device includes a spatial light modulation tube and converts a one-dimensional photoelectron image into a two-dimensional electron image, rotating the two-dimensional electron image, subjecting the rotated two-dimensional electron image and a previously stored electron image to addition or subtraction, and stores the electron image thus processed.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the temporal correlation of fundamental particles such as photons, neutrons, X-rays or the like, comprising at least one deflector for sweeping the fundamental particles or images thereof in at least one direction, an aperture member having at least two apertures for time-divisionally extracting the swept fundamental particles or the images thereof, multiplication means, such as dynode groups or photomultipliers, for multiplying each of the extracted fundamental particles or the images thereof and a correlator for performing correlating arithmetic operations on the basis of each output signal from the multiplication means.

Abstract: An optical flip-flop circuit which includes an electrical power source for providing an electrical signal, a light-receiving element provided in series with the power source for switching the electrical signal in response to an optical signal, a light-emitting element for emitting the optical signal in response to the electric signal, an electrical signal path between the light-receiving element and the light-emitting element, whereby the electrical signal passes from the power source to the light-emitting element in response to the optical signal received by the light-receiving element, a light path for directing the optical signal from the light-emitting element to the light-receiving element, wherein the light path and the electrical signal path form a signal loop through which a signal circulates, said circulating signal comprising the electrical signal through the electrical signal path portion of the signal loop and the optical signal through the light path portion of the signal loop, and input/output m

Abstract: An examination apparatus for measuring the oxygenation in body organs by the near infrared light transmission spectrophotometry. The invention relates to an improvement of an illumination-side fixture and a detection-side fixture. In order to hold optical fibers for introducing infrared light in their natural conditions, the fixtures are equipped with respective prisms for changing light paths by prescribed angles. Also, the fixtures are equipped with respective light-emitting diodes for indicating if the examination apparatus is in its operating condition.

Abstract: An examination apparatus for examining with transmission photometry an object of interest. The apparatus comprises: light launching means for successively launching an incidence light beam to the object at an incidence site; and light pickup means for picking up, in synchronism with launching of the incidence light beam, light beams scattered in the object from a plurality of output sites as light intensity data, and performing mathematical processing on the light intensity data for every launching of said incidence light beam to obtain absorption data representing a light absorption quantity at the incidence site.

Abstract: A deformation measuring method and device in which an object is irradiated with a laser beam before and after deformation of the object to obtain speckle patterns, the speckle patterns thus obtained are photoelectrically converted into electrical signals, and the cross-correlation function between the speckle patterns is calculated using the electrical signals to obtain displacement of the speckle pattern on the basis of the shift of position of the extreme value of the cross-correlation function and to determine the amount of deformation of the object from the displacement of the speckle pattern. Each of photosensitive elements for converting the speckle patterns into the electrical signals has a rectangular form of a large ratio of a long side to a short side and a photosensitive element array comprising the photosensitive elements has a comb structure in which the photosensitive elements having the above structure are arranged in a strip form.

Abstract: A plurality of ultra-high speed light receiving elements are provided each of which has two rectifier junctions being connected to each other opposite in polarity and has a substantially symmetrical electrode arrangement. A bias voltage is applied to each of the light receiving elements from one or a plurality of power sources. Electrical signals produced by the light receiving elements in response to input optical pulse signals are superposed on one another to produce one or a plurality of output electrical signals representing a predetermined logic operation with respect to the input optical pulse signals. Depending on the arrangement of its elements, the optical logic operation system functions as an OR circuit, AND circuit, NOT circuit, EXCLUSIVE OR circuit, or half-adder circuit.