Abstract: Structural parts, particularly of complicated shape, are diffusion welded to each other under isostatic pressure to form permanent joints. A two phase operation is involved in the joint formation. In the first phase at least one of the welding joint forming surfaces of the two parts to be joined, is provided with a material which will form a metallurgical layer in the gap between the two surfaces forming the welding joint. The metallurgical layer forming material may be applied to one or both joint forming surfaces prior to assembly of the parts or the material may be introduced into the gap between the surfaces after the parts have been assembled. In both instances it is the aim to seal the gap prior to the second phase in which a diffusion welding is performed in a hot isostatic press.

Abstract: For producing the first differential of a two-dimensional optical image, an image of electrical charges corresponding to the brightness distribution of the image is produced in a first layer of an optical structural element. The first, electrical charges storing layer includes a plurality of light sensitive detector elements arranged in a mosaic-type pattern (D.sub.i). The electrical charge image representing the brightness distribution is converted into a transmissivity or transparency distribution corresponding to the potential differences across said detector elements in the first layer, by a second layer made of a material (M) that is electro-optically modulatable for changing the transparency or degree of transparency.

Abstract: A fiber reinforced shell structure of synthetic material has an outer skin supported on a skeleton of longitudinal stringers interconnected by ribs. The stringers have a channel cross-section filled with a hard foam. The ribs have an approximately [ or I-shaped cross-section. The ribs are formed by an outer chord and by an inner chord interconnected by a web. If the structure is cylindrical, for example, the ribs extend circumferentially. The rib webs are made of rib web segments which are displaced relative to each other, for example in the circumferential direction in case of a cylindrical structure. The displacement of the web elements corresponds to the on-center spacing between neighboring longitudinal stringers, whereby the fiber reinforced material of the end portions of the rib web segments merge into rib reinforcing or bracing members, where the ribs intersect the stringers. The rib bracing members alternate in opposite directions along a rib and are filled with a hard foam.

Abstract: A system for sensing fractures in a structural component that has a plurality of light conductor fibers attached to or incorporated in the structural component, such as an aircraft body or wings made of fiber reinforced material. The light conductor fibers function as fracture sensors. For this purpose the light supply to each individual fracture sensing light conductor and the interrogation whether a light signal has passed through the light conductors is controlled by a computer. The absence of a light signal at a particular conductor signifies a fracture and this fact may be indicated on a display in the cockpit of an aircraft.

Abstract: The contrast between a target and the target markers or line divisions on a graticule disk of a sight, especially for a hand-held weapon, is enhanced by a device which illuminates the graticule disk with refected liight. The device has an attachment member which is rapidly mountable to and removable from the sight housing. The attachment member carries a frame which holds glass bodies filled with gaseous tritium and coated on the reflecting surfaces with a luminous lacquer or paint. The light entry and exit sides are not coated. The attachment member holding the frame permits shifting the frame between a first effective position in which light collected by the tritium filled glass bodies is transmitted onto the graticule disk, and a second ineffective position in which light is not transmitted to the graticule disk.

Abstract: An electromagnetic adjustment device for performing mechanical rotational movements has two electromagnetically excitable pole pieces arranged opposite each other to form an opening partially surrounded by concave circular surfaces of the pole pieces. A rotary anchor of permanent magnetic material is rotatably supported in the opening. The anchor has two opposite circular surface sections and two opposite flat surface sections. The flat surface sections face the concave circular surfaces of the pole pieces when the rotary anchor is in a position signifying a center of its operational range. The radius of the concave circular surfaces is slightly larger than the radius of the circular surface sections of the rotary anchor forming north and south poles so that four air gaps are formed between the concave circular surfaces of the pole pieces and the circular surface sections of the rotary anchor.

Abstract: A vehicle seat, especially for attendants in an aircraft is constructed as a double seat. The seat is equipped with seat cushions on opposite sides of a frame made of two posts interconnected by a cross-member. The seats are preferably hinged to opposite frame sides so that one or the other or both seats can be used.

Abstract: A helicopter rotor with foldable blades has, in the hub and blade roots, holes for mounting the blade roots to the rotor hub with connecting bolts passing through these holes in the operating position of the blades. Additionally, at least one blade of two blades and the hub have aligned holes for holding the respective foldable blade in a folded position, whereby one of the regular connecting bolts passes through the aligned holes, which are located as close as possible to the pivoting point connecting a pitch angle control rod to a pitch angle control sleeve.

Abstract: Modular units are connected to each other with the aid of recesses provided in the edges of the modular units and with the aid of clamping bolts each carrying two nuts and a clamping nut in a mirror-symmetrical arrangement relative to a plane passing centrally through the clamping nut and perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the clamping bolt. The recesses are correspondingly dimensioned and located so that two sets of recesses in a mirror-symmetrical arrangement can receive the clamping bolt with its nuts. A clamping bolt has oppositely threaded ends so that the rotation of the bolt in one direciton tightens both nuts and rotation in the opposite directions loosens the nuts.

Abstract: A process for encapsulating microelectronic hybrid semi-conductor circuits or microelectronic semi-conductor components in which the components, located on a substrate, receive a soft, sealable poured-on plastic coating, are covered with a plastic/metal composite film or foil and are, if necessary, then encapsulated with a hard synthetic resin sealing compound which is resistant to thermal shock. The external plastic layers of the film or foil combine with the filler or sealing compound and thus form an encapsulation which is temperature and moisture resistant.

Abstract: A compact, lightweight, yet sturdy imaging spectrometer, especially for use in satellites, flying bodies and the like, has elliptical mirrors for its objective or lens, for its collimator, and for its imager. The collimator and imager are formed by the same mirrors which reflect the beam twice. The optical arrangement of the objective or lens, the collimator, and the imager is such that any bending of an object strip by a diffraction lattice or grid is compensated. Such a spectrometer is usable for a wide field and wide spectral range, including the non-visible range.

Abstract: A radar ranging system uses a laser transmitter and a single detector for producing the start and stop signals for the time interval measurement. Two reference signals are produced by passing two light portions, decoupled from the laser light to be transmitted to a target, through two different delay lines to the detector. The time difference between the first reference signal and a target signal is a measure for the range to be measured. The time difference between the two reference signals is used as a calibration measure for repeatedly calibrating the system. The true range is calculated by forming the ratio of the two time intervals.

Abstract: Special absorbers or getters are incorporated in hermetically sealed electronic circuits with organic components, for example, with parylene passivations, silver conductive adhesives, and sealing materials. The getter material, preferably BaAl.sub.4, is dispersed as an extremely fine-grained powder in a gas permeable, inert silicone rubber having a composition which varies according to the application. In short- or long-term thermal loading, for example in power hybrid systems, the proposed getters make it possible to intercept any corrosive fission products such as CO, CO.sub.2, NO/NO.sub.2, and water of reaction to avoid premature aging.

Abstract: A single lever is pivotable about two axes and pivoting can be carried out in a prescribed sequence such that first the latches are unloaded and thereafter released, in the reverse, the latches are first latched and thereafter proper latching is monitoring and the latches are locked. The structure includes two shafts that are operated by the lever and they carry respectively latch hooks and cams for latching and scanning these hooks.

Abstract: Organic waste, especially organic household garbage, is leached in a leaching apparatus for washing out any water soluble organic substances and water soluble heavy metal salts. Air is supplied into the apparatus during the leaching for aerobically decomposing or rotting the organic substances. Non-soluble substances are discharged from the leaching apparatus for further treatment. A liquid flow-off component containing solved substances is withdrawn from the leaching apparatus, collected in an intermediate tank and introduced into an anaerobic solid bed reactor wherein anaerobic bacteria reduce or decompose the liquid flow-off component to form bio-gas which is withdrawn from the solid bed reactor for use or storage in a low pressure tank. The heavy metal salts are precipitated into water non-soluble sulfides and the flow-off is returned for further leaching to the leaching apparatus in a substantially closed circuit in which any lost leaching liquid is replenished.

Abstract: In order to achieve in a sandwich structural part 26 having a honeycomb-shaped support core 20 curved in tension-free condition, which is composed of individually hardened bonded-fiber profile pieces 10, a uniform form stability and a large surface preciseness over a wide temperature range, the individual bonded-fiber profile pieces are constructed tapering in a longitudinal direction of the profile and are octagonal in cross section and the profile walls 16.1, 16.2 of each profile piece are positioned substantially perpendicularly with respect to the local tangential plane T of the curved support-core surface and are exposed alternately peripherally of the profile and, with the mutually facing surfaces, are intended as a defined adhesion surface for a bonding agent 22 for effecting a coupling to an adjacent profile piece.

Abstract: A disk wheel, especially a railroad wheel, has a composite construction of a single piece metal hub and a single piece metal rim connected to each other by a wheel disk of fiber reinforced composite material providing exclusively adhesive bonds. The wheel disk transmits shearing stress between hub and rim. The rim is provided with two radially inwardly extending rim flanges. The hub has two radially outwardly extending hub flanges. The shearing stress transmitting wheel disk (12) has a radially outer rim contacting surface (9) adhesively bonded to the rim (3) and rim flanges (7), and a radially inner hub contacting surface (8) adhesively bonded to the hub (2) and hub flanges (6). The wheel disk (12) is inserted into the space between the concentrically arranged hub and rim as long as the composite material is not yet cured and hence sufficiently deformable. The wheel disk is exposed to compression during curing.

Abstract: Foldable panels of a solar collector, for example for a satellite, have a plurality of panel sections hinged to each other. At least one outer panel section of each panel is foldable into a position of about 90.degree. to the yet unfolded panel sections. The power needed for the partial unfolding and subsequent complete unfolding is provided by power storing devices, such as mechanical springs. The inward end, relative to a mounting such as a satellite body, of the outer panel section and an outward end of a further inwardly located panel section, for example the next but one inwardly located panel section, are equipped with rigid stop members extending in an extension of the plane of the respective panel section.

Abstract: The turbulent drag is reduced on the surface of a body moving through a fluid by providing longitudinal channels in the surface, for example of an aircraft wing, which channels extend in parallel to the flow direction and which channels are interconnected with the boundary layer by a longitudinal gap communicating the channel with the boundary layer.

Abstract: A polarization separating reflector is constructed for use in microwave transmitting antennas or in microwave receiving antennas. The signal supply to the transmitting antennas and the signal retrieval from the receiving antennas may be symmetrical or nonsymmetrical. Such antennas may or may not be equipped with subreflectors. Such antennas have a polarization selectively reflecting lattice structure on or within a dielectric carrier. This antenna structure is resonantly constructed out of separate dipoles having different lengths, preferably in the form of a linear dipole lattice. The dipoles are arranged in a staggered manner, colinearly, or at an angle relative to a reference line, such as the vertical, as desired.