Abstract: In the invention a procatalyst of a catalyst system of a new type intended for the polymerization of olefins has been prepared comprising a carrier based on a magnesium compound, a titanium compound and a dialkylester of phthalic acid. The most important properties of this kind of a procatalyst are the high stereoselectivity and the high activity. Now it has been possible to increase the activity considerably by using a different kind of dialkylester of phthalic acid having in its alkyl 9 to 20 carbon atoms and the dielectricity constant of which being preferably below 5 measured at 25 C.

Abstract: A crosslinkable polymer composition comprises an olefin copolymer or graft copolymer with hydrolysable saline groups and a silanol condensation catalyst, as well as a silane compound with at least one hydrolysable organic group. The polymer composition is characterized in that the silane compound has a compatibility with the polymer composition of at least 0.035 mole hydrolysable groups per 100 g polymer composition, and in that the silane compound is represented by the general formula: R.sup.1 (SiR.sup.2.sub.n X.sub.3-n).sub.m, wherein R.sup.1 is a monofunctional hydrocarbyl group having 13-30 carbon atoms, or a difunctional hydrocarbyl group having 4-24 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 is a hydrocarbyl group having 1-10 carbon atoms, X is a hydrolysable organic group, n is 0, 1 or 2, and m is 1 or 2.

Abstract: The invention relates to a ski stick, which comprises a hollow reinforced-plastic profile (10). In the inventive ski stick, a profile wall (11) contains at least one longitudinally extending reinforcement element (13), which is at least partially embedded in the manufacturing step of the profile (10) in the wall structure (11) as an integral part thereof. The reinforcement element (13) may extend along the entire length of the reinforced-plastic profile or partially along its length, and its cross-sectional form may be circular or longitudinal or angular, e.g. triangular.

Abstract: An electrically conducting plastic material is produced by blending a polyaniline or a derivative thereof with an organic sulfonic acid or a derivative thereof. A reaction product or blend of a polyaniline or a derivative thereof with an organic sulfonic acid or a derivative thereof can be brought to an easy-to-handle or directly melt-processable form through a heat-treatment process carried out at approx. +40.degree. to +250.degree. C. The obtained plastic material is advantageously further improved by blending the heat-treated reaction product or blend with a thermoplastic polymer and then melt-processing the mixed blend. The properties of the resulting compound material exhibit complete compatibility of the heat-treated reaction product or blend with the thermoplastic polymer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a thermoplastic elastomer composition comprising a) a polyolefin and b) a crosslinked ethylene copolymer, the crosslinks between the main chains of the molecules of which have been formed of the hetero groups of at least two comonomer units being in different main chains and at least two hetero groups of the crosslinking-agent molecule being chemically attached to each other. The problem of such a mixture is that the lipophilic thermoplastic polyolefin and the ethylene copolymer to be crosslinked with its polar hetero groups are not compatible. Now, the problem has been solved by forming the crosslinks between the main chains so that either the hetero group of the comonomer unit in the main chain or then the hetero group of the crosslinking agent molecule always is a hydroxyl group, the hydroxyl group always forming a permanent oxygen crosslink bond with the other hetero group attached to it.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are described that relate to the use of reaction products of metal compounds and protonic acids for plasticizing and neutralizing acidic, protonated compositions comprising substituted and unsubstituted polyanilines and co-polymers and or mixtures thereof; and for reducing the percolation threshold for conductivity in blends with insulating bulk polymers.

Abstract: The invention concerns a multi-stage process for producing polyethylene having a bimodal and/or broad molecular weight distribution in the presence of an ethylene polymerizing catalyst system in a multistep reaction sequence, in which the first reaction step is a liquid phase polymerization step and the second reaction step is formed by one or more gas-phase polymerization steps. According to the process of the invention in the first reaction step ethylene is polymerized in a loop reactor (10) in an inert low-boiling hydrocarbon medium the residence time being at least 10 minutes, reaction mixture is discharged from the loop reactor (10) and at least a substantial part of the inert hydrocarbon mixture is separated and the polymer is transferred into one or more gas-phase reactors (30), where the polymerization is completed in the presence of ethylene and optionally hydrogen and a comonomer.

Abstract: A problem in the conventional olefin polymerization catalyst systems, the procatalysts of which are based on a solid carrier and a titanium compound and an electron donor on its surface, is that unsufficiently high activities are achieved by the morphology of the carrier. Moreover, the active age of such a catalyst in the polymerization is too short. These problems have now been solved by the olefin polymerization catalyst system according to the invention, the procatalyst of which comprises a solid carrier and a layer on its surface consisting of a titanium compound, a magnesium compound and an electron donor. The advantages of the invention become more emphasized when using monocyclopentadienyl titaniumtrichloride as the titanium compound.

Abstract: A method of emulsion polymerization of aniline or substituted anilines for making substituted or unsubstituted homopolymers and co-polymers of aniline. The method includes formation of an emulsion of aniline monomers, polar solvent, non-polar or weakly polar solvent and functionalized protonic acid, which is selected for its ability to perform two functions: acting as a surfactant and acting as a protonating agent (dopant) in producing an electrically conducting polymer. Then, an oxidant is added to polymerize the ingredients of the emulsion. This method provides polyaniline particles of highly crystalline and oriented morphologies of controlled aspect ratios.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the preparation of a supported procatalyst intended for the polymerization of olefins, in which particles are formed from magnesium halide and alcohol, the particles are reacted with an organometallic compound of any of the metals of the groups I to III, the thus obtained particulate product is activated by means of a titanium(IV) compound, and optionally a prepolymerization is carried out for the activated particles. A problem with this kind of a method is, how to form particles from magnesium dihalide and alcohol having an advantageous structure for the polymerization of ethylene and particularly ethylene with a narrow molecular weight distribution. The problem has in the present invention been solved so that the particles are formed by spray-crystallizing a mixture of magnesium dihalide and alcohol to complex particles of magnesium dihalide and alcohol and that titanium(IV) alcoxyhalide has been used as the titanium compound.

Abstract: A method for preparing a polyolefine-vinyl composite, in which method about 10-200 weight fractions of vinyl monomer and about 0.01-4.0 weight fractions of a free radical polymerization initiator, based on 100 weight fractions of vinyl monomer, are impregnated in 100 weight fractions of polyolefine particles by slowly mixing these at a temperature of about 20.degree.-100.degree. C. while continuously or discontinuously adding about 1-60% by weight of water, based on the total weight of the vinyl monomer and the polyolefine, during the maintenance of the particle structure of the polyolefine, is disclosed. A water suspension is prepared by adding water and stabilizing agents to the above-mentioned mixture after a completed impregnation. The total quantity of water is about 80-1000 weight fractions, based on 100 weight fractions of polyolefine+vinyl monomer. The temperature of the water suspension is then increased for polymerizing the vinyl monomer.

Abstract: Electroactive polymers are provided which contain alternating phenyl rings and nitrogen atoms, and which contain both quinoid mer units and benzenoid mer units. The polymers are formed by poly(condensation) of N-phenylhydroxylamine or derivatives thereof under anhydrous conditions in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst. Methods for producing films, fibers and shaped articles of the polymers are provided as well.

Abstract: A method for preparing a polyolefine--vinyl polymer composite, wherein about 10-200 parts by weight of vinyl monomer and about 0.01-4.0 parts by weight of a free radical polymerization initiator, based on 100 parts by weight of vinyl monomer, are impregnated in 100 parts of weight of polyolefine particles by slowly mixing these at a temperature of about 20.degree.-130.degree. C. while maintaining the particle structure of the polyolefine. After 50-99% of the amount of the monomer has been absorbed into the polyolefine particles, a water suspension is prepared by adding to the above-mentioned mixture about 80-1000 parts by weight water, based on 100 parts of weight of polyolefine+vinyl monomer, as well as a stabilizing agent. The temperature of the water suspension is then increased for polymerizing the vinyl monomer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalyst to be utilized in the metathesis reactions of olefines, the catalyst comprising an after-treated tungsten complex containing diol ligands and hydrocarbon ligands, which are benzenes substituted with a lower alkyl group. The invention also relates to a method for preparing a heterogenous catalyst to be used in the metathesis reaction of olefines as well as to a metathesis process for the conversion of olefines.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a polymerization catalyst of olefins, said catalyst containing an active chromium compound on an inorganic support. The catalyst in accordance with the invention is prepared by vaporizing a precursor of chromium oxide such as chromyl chloride and allowing the chromium oxide vapor to react with the surface of, e.g., silica gel support material at 160.degree. . . . 500.degree. C. A selective binding of the chromium oxide to the support material is achieved by keeping the vapor pressure sufficiently high and the duration of interaction with the support sufficiently long so as to maintain an excess of the chromium compound in relation to the number of available binding sites on the support material. The activity of a catalyst in accordance with the invention even with a very low content of catalytic metal is as high as the activity of a catalyst of an appreciably higher metal content that has been prepared by the methods of the conventional technology.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for preparing a conductive polymer product by doping a conductor polymer. The conductor polymer or a mixture of the conductor polymer and a matrix polymer is in a molten state brought into contact with a doping agent, whereafter the mixture is treated into a product.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the modification of an olefin polymer to form a coupling agent by grafting it with an unsaturated acid or acid derivative in the presence of a free-radical initiator. The process comprises stages at whicha) the olefin polymer, the unsaturated acid or acid derivative and a first free-radical initiator are heated together to a temperature at which the first free-radical initiator substantially breaks down into free radicals, andb) the reaction mixture derived from stage a) is heated together with a second free-radical initiator to a temperature at which the second free-radical initiator substantially breaks down into free radicals. By the process, olefin polymers can be modified effectively without their macromolecules degrading excessively.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for removing a boron trifluoride from the exhaust gases of a vacuum pump, which gases have been obtained when polymerizing .alpha.-olefines by using a BF.sub.3 -alcohol complex as a catalyst. In a vacuum distillation, the underpressure is achieved by means of a pump sealed with a fluid ring or by means of fluid jet with a torque or ejector pump, possibly assisted by a mechanical blaster, such as a propellant circulating pump. In this pump, the fluid ring or the fluid jet is formed by a cocatalyst forming a complex with the BF.sub.3 catalyst, which cocatalyst is an alcohol, preferably butanol.

Abstract: A method for preparing anhydrous ferric chloride from a hydrous solution containing ferric chloride that contains organic substances and/or ferrous chloride. In the method, water is removed from a ferric-chloride water solution or a solution, in which at least a portion of the ferrous chloride has been converted by oxidation into ferric chloride, by drying in an atmosphere containing hydrochloric acid. The anhydrous ferric chloride is refined by sublimating it into gas phase in a chlorine-containing atmosphere and by subliming it into a pure crystalline ferric chloride.