Abstract: A viewing angle compensator for a liquid crystal display having characteristics such as being able to diminish the visual angle dependency of the liquid crystal display is provided. The viewing angle compensator of the present invention comprises a light transmitting base and a film of a liquid crystalline polymer formed on the base, the liquid crystalline polymer taking in the state of liquid crystal a structure wherein a refractive index in the thickness direction is larger than a refractive index in any direction within the plane of the polymer and assuming a glassy state at a temperature lower than the liquid crystal transition point thereof.

Abstract: Dispersion particles for a fluid having magnetic and electrorheological effects simultaneously, which comprise conductive ferromagnetic particles whose surfaces are coated with an electrically insulating layer and a fluid used the same. The present fluid has a larger torque induced upon application of both a magnetic field and an electric field than that in a fluid having only magnetic or electrorheological effects and higher response speed than that in a fluid having only magnetic. Furthermore, in the present fluid current difficultly passes.

Abstract: A fluid having both magnetic and electrorheological effects contains electroconductive ferromagnetic particles, the surfaces of which are coated with a particular electrically insulating layer having a critical thickness and electrical resistance, dispersed in an electrically non-conductive solvent.

Abstract: A freely rotatable endless belt has a bottom face that is opposed, in the water, to an ultrasonic oscillator. A carbon fiber fabric is transferred from a supply roller to a hot roller while being given tension by means of a torque motor and a constant speed motor connected to the supply roller and the hot roller, respectively. The carbon fiber fabric moves in contact with the bottom face of the endless belt, whereby endless belt rotates in synchronism with the carbon fiber fabric. Two oblique movement correcting belts are so disposed as to be pressed against both side portions of the endless belt while gripping respective selvages of the carbon fiber fabric. Each of the two oblique movement correcting belts is connected to a variable speed motor via a uni-directional clutch that transmits a driving force only in the direction of transferring the carbon fiber fabric.

Abstract: A head-up display system for a vehicle includes a front windshield, a display, a polarizing member and an optical rotatory film. The display for displaying an image on the front windshield to be viewed by a driver of the vehicle is disposed such that light therefrom is incident on the front windshield at an angle which is substantially equal to Brewster's angle. The polarizing member is disposed between the front windshield and the display for polarizing light from the display. The optical rotatory film serves to rotate the plane of polarization of light polarized by the polarizing member. The optical rotatory film installed on the front windshield includes a liquid crystal high polymer which is in twisted nematic orientation under liquid crystal condition and is in glassy condition at a temperature which is lower than liquid crystal transition point. Thus, double image problem can be eliminated with respect to light having a wide range of wavelengths.

Abstract: A novel hydrophobic vitamin B.sub.12 derivative represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R represents an alkyl group having 2 to 17 carbon atoms, and X represents a cyano group, a hydroxyl group, an alkyl group or a 5'-deoxyadenosyl group. Since the derivative is hydrophobic, it can be taken up by an organism by thermodynamic diffusion, a passive transport, without an active transport.

Abstract: Polyolefins having better particle properties are obtained by polymerizing olefins in the presence of a catalyst comprising a solid catalyst component and an organometallic compound, the said solid catalyst component being prepared by reacting the following components [I] and [II] and further reacting the resulting reaction product with the following component [III]:[I] a reaction product obtained by reacting:(1) a silicon oxide and/or an aluminum oxide, and(2) a titanium compound, or a titanium compound and a vanadium compound, and further reacting the resulting reaction product with:(3) an organoaluminum compound;[II] a reaction product obtained by the reaction of:(1) a magnesium halide, and(2) a compound represented by the general formula Me(OR).sub.n X.sub.z-n wherein Me represents an element of Groups I to IV in the Periodic Table, z represents the valence of the element Me, n is 0<n.ltoreq.

Abstract: A solid oxide fuel cell, which comprises an assembly of a plurality of unit cells each comprising a solid electrolyte, and a fuel electrode and an air electrode provided on both sides of the solid electrolyte, respectively, the fuel electrode being composed mainly of ruthenium, nickel and ceramics can perform power generation of high efficiency with hydrocarbon or hydrogen resulting from complete reforming of hydrocarbon, or a steam-reformed gas containing carbon monoxide as the main component as a fuel gas.

Abstract: A compensator for an active matrix type liquid crystal display using a thin film transistor is provided. The compensator is made by a film of a liquid crystalline polymer which exhibits a twisted nematic orientation in a liquid crystal state and assumes a glassy state at temperatures below a liquid crystal transition point thereof, the constituent molecules of the liquid crystalline polymer film having a helical structure with a helical axis wherein the twist angle is in the range of 70 to 150 degrees, and the product .DELTA.n.multidot.d of birefringence .DELTA.n of the liquid crystalline polymer film and film thickness,d, being in the range of 0.2 to 3.0 .mu.m.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing a viewing angle compensator for liquid crystal displays which diminishes the view angle dependency of the liquid crystal display. More specifically, the method of making the view angle compensator involves applying a coating of an optically active polyester containing as a constituent a hydrocarbon unit selected from the group consisting of bulky aromatic units, polycyclic hydrocarbon units and ortho-substituted aromatic units, or a composition containing a liquid crystalline polyester which contains the said hydrocarbon unit as a constituent and also contains an optically active compound to a light transmitting substrate. The foregoing coating is heat-treated at a temperature higher than the glass transition point of the polyester to form a cholesteric orientation. The heat-treated coating is thereafter cooled to a temperature lower than the glass transition temperature to solidify a cholesteric structure.

Abstract: An electrorheological fluid comprising an electrically insulating liquid and oxidation-treated carbonaceous particles dispersed therein and an electrorheological fluid comprising an electrically insulating liquid and a carbonaceous particles having a shape anisotropy, 0.02 to 10,000 .mu.m in length, 0.01 to 500 .mu.m in diameter and 2 to 1,000,000 in aspect ratio have a high electrorheological effect, less current passage and no short circuit, though it is a water-free system.

Abstract: Provided is a phase plate comprising a light transmitting base, an alignment layer formed on said base, and a film formed on said alignment layer by a liquid crystalline polymer which exhibits a nematic orientation in the state of liquid crystal and assumes a glassy state at a temperature below the liquid crystal transition point of the polymer.

Abstract: Pitch-based carbon fibers superior in compression characteristics are obtained by mixing a polycyclic aromatic compound and a hydrogen donating compound at a mole ratio of the latter to the former in the range of 0.1 to 10, polymerizing the resulting mixture at a temperature of 50.degree. to 400.degree. C. in the presence of a Lewis acid as catalyst, then removing the catalyst, thereafter heat-treating the resulting polymer to obtain a pitch containing 5-40% of anisotropic spheres of 5-60 .mu.m, having a total amount of aliphatic hydrogen of 25-50% and an amount of aliphatic hydrogen after .beta. of 5-25% and containing not more than 30% of oriented carbon based on a total amount of aromatic carbon, then spinning said pitch, then making the resulting pitch fiber infusible and subjecting the pitch fiber thus rendered infusible to a carbonization treatment.

Abstract: A refrigerator oil composition for a fluoroalkane refrigerant comprises a base oil composed principally of at least one oxygen-containing compound and, based on the total weight of the composition, [I] 0.5-5.0 wt. % of a phosphate ester represented by the formula (A), and [II] (a) 0.1-5.0 wt. % of a halogenated phosphate ester represented by the formula (B) and/or (b) 0.01-2.0 wt. % of an acid phosphate ester represented by the formula (C), an amine salt thereof or a combination of both the acid phosphate ester and the amine salt. ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 represent a C.sub.1-18 hydrocarbon or oxygen-containing hydrocarbon group; R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 represent a C.sub.1-18 hydrocarbon or oxygen-containing hydrocarbon group or a group similar to the C.sub.

Abstract: Polyolefins exhibiting better particle properties are prepared by polymerizing an olefin or olefins in the presence of a catalyst comprising a solid catalyst component and an organometallic compound, said solid catalyst component being prepared by the reaction of the following components [I] and [II]:[I] a reaction product obtained by reacting the following components (1), (2) and (3) with one another in the presence of a compound represented by the general formula ROH wherein R is a hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or an organic residue containing such an element as oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, or chlorine:(1) a silicon oxide and/or an aluminum oxide;(2) a reaction product obtained by the reaction of a magnesium halide and compound represented by the general formula Me(OR).sub.n X.sub.z-n wherein Me represents an element of Groups I to IV in the Periodic Table, z represents the valence of the element Me, n is 0<n.ltoreq.

Abstract: A liquid crystalline polymer film useful as a high functional optical element is provided. Said liquid crystalline polymer film is formed on a substrate and having at least a tilt orientation fixed, and said tilt orientation is such that the angle between a director of said liquid crystalline polymer and a flat surface of said substrate is in the range of 5 to 85 degrees in terms of an average value.

Abstract: Combustion air is supplied being divided into inner and outer cylinders of a main burner body, and liquid fuel is injected and burnt by a liquid fuel injection nozzle provided in the inner cylinder, wherein a tip end injection hole of the nozzle faces outside of the nozzle through a fore end opening of the inner cylinder. An annular flame piloting baffle plate for the inner cylinder is provided in front of the injection hole of the tip end opening of the inner cylinder, a swirler is provided inside of a tip end portion of the outer cylinder, and an annular flame piloting baffle plate is provided at a tip end opening portion of a cylindrical space formed between the outer and inner cylinders. Due to the foregoing construction, flames of the burner for burning liquid fuel are stabilized and an amount of generated NOx gas is reduced.

Abstract: According to the present invention there is provided a viewing angle compensator for a liquid crystal display capable of diminishing the viewing angle dependency of the liquid crystal display.The viewing angle compensator comprises a light transmitting substrate and a film of a specific liquid crystalline polyester, the liquid crystalline polyester taking in the state of liquid crystal a structure wherein a refractive index in the thickness direction is larger than a refractive index at least in one direction in a plane and assuming a glassy state at a temperature lower than the liquid crystal transition point of the polymer.The viewing angle dependency of the liquid crystal display can be greatly diminished and thus the viewing angle compensator of the present invention contributes to the realization of high-grade displays and higher performance of a liquid crystal display unit.

Abstract: A burner for burning liquid fuel is provided, which atomizes liquid fuel together with an atomizing medium mixed with the fuel. The inhibition of generation of NOx in exhaust gas and that of generation of soot and dust are caused to be compatible by the burner, and the manufacturing properties are improved and the turndown ratio is increased.

Abstract: A heavy oil emulsion fuel composition which contains heavy oils, such as bitumen and asphalt, wherein the heavy oil emulsion fuel composition can be used as a substitute fuel for heavy fuel oils, and has an enhanced combustion efficiency to thereby reduce the content of soot, dust and nitrogen oxides after combustion, which comprises (a) 40 to 85% by weight of a heavy oil, (b) 10 to 40% by weight of water, (c) 0.1 to 5% by weight of a surfactant and (d) at least 0.1% by weight of at least one component selected from the group consisting of water-soluble compounds having in its molecule two or more hydroxyl groups, monohydric alcohols having 6 or more carbon atoms, and mixtures thereof.