Abstract: The invention relates to a method for traffic control in a communication system transferring traffic units. The invention includes maintaining a continuously changing quantity determining whether an individual traffic unit can be forwarded, changing the value of the quantity so that a traffic density lower than a specific predetermined value changes the value of the quantity in a first direction, but no more than up to a predetermined first limit, and a traffic density higher than said predetermined value changes the value in a second direction. Further, the inventing relates to rejecting traffic units as the value of the quantity in said second direction reaches a specific predetermined second limit.

Abstract: The invention relates to a management method and a management system for managing a telecommunications network. The system comprises a database including information about the managed network, said information being in the form of objects that relate to the network elements to be managed and in the form of references between the different objects, said references indicating the dependencies between the objects. To provide a rapidly operating system in which arbitrary circular dependencies between the objects can easily be coped with to decide when an object can be unlocked to allow any part of the system to change said object, an auxiliary data structure that has no cyclic dependencies between its objects is added to the system and this auxiliary data structure is utilized to decide when an object can be unlocked.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for measuring traffic in a communication system. Information corresponding to traffic units to be forwarded, such as cells, is directed to a number of parallel traffic gapping gates (G1 . . . , Gn) which make a gap or pass decision on individual traffic units, and the distribution concerning frequency of occurrence of the traffic units is estimated by simultaneously calculating the estimates of the relative frequency of occurrence on several value ranges. In order to obtain in a simple manner an accurate view on the traffic, the estimate of an individual value range is calculated on the basis of the difference between the numbers of decisions made during a specific period by the gapping gates corresponding to the value range in question.

Abstract: If the location cell of a calling subscriber or a called subscriber belongs to a set of special cells at the beginning of a call, a cheaper tariff is applied. According to the invention, the charging criterion is updated in the beginning and during the call. If a subscriber roams from the area of a public network cell to the set of special cells, the cell information propagates to the MSC of the called subscriber. The MSC and/or service control point compares this cell information with the set of special cells and determines that the new cell of the called subscriber belongs to the special cells, due to which the tariff can be changed. Information on the called subscriber's changed cell type is transmitted to the mobile switching centre of the calling subscriber.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of steering a signal from a base station is disclosed. The base station comprises one or more antenna arrays, one or more channel units, the channel units comprising means for phasing the signal to be transmitted and received in such a way that the gain from the antenna array is greatest in a specified direction. Further, the base station includes means for distinguishing connection quality information from information received from the mobile station. In order to improve the spectral efficiency and the connection quality, the channel unit comprises means for searching for the incoming directions and delays of the received signal components, and means for controlling the phasing means of the signal transmitted to the mobile on the basis of the information and the connection quality information received from the mobile station.

Abstract: A method and a system in a digital radio system for signalling between a base station and a subscriber terminal. The signals transmitted over the radio connection between the base station and the subscriber terminal comprise bursts consisting of symbols. The bursts comprise a known training sequence. According to the invention, the training sequence is used for signalling. By the invention, it is possible to implement signalling related to power control of the base station or the subscriber terminal, or in packet transfer, the numbering of bursts, packets or other data blocks.

Abstract: A method and apparatus implementing the method for detecting copying of an international mobile subscriber identity in a mobile communication network in which the location of mobile stations is updated in at least one register of the network. According to the method, the number of at least one type of location updatings (advantageously inter-MSC) is monitored within a predetermined monitoring period (e.g. 24 hours). This number is compared to a predetermined threshold value, and if the number of location updatings exceeds the predetermined threshold value, a signal indicative of the exceeding will be generated.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for setting a service level in a digital mobile communication system, and to a digital mobile communication system. The method of the invention is characterized in that a network interference load is defined and network parameters or, in connection with the establishment of a connection, transmission parameters are set at a base station and in a mobile station according to the network interference load. The invention further relates to a mobile communication system.

Abstract: The invention relates to a TDMA method, transmitter and receiver, wherein a training sequence is modulated and superposed on a data signal to thereby generate a TDMA burst. Thereby, the training sequence can be made longer and is always available during data reception, such that longer channel impulse responses can be measured. In the transmitter, the training sequence is separately modulated in a modulating means (3) before being superposed on the data signal. The receiver comprises an extracting means (11) for extracting the superposed training sequence and a cancelling means (9) for cancelling the training sequence from the data signal to be detected.

Abstract: A system and method for determining charges for use of network service connections. The network includes nodes which facilitate the transfer of information between source and destination locations. When a connection is established with a node, a billing cell is transmitted to the node over the connection which contains billing and connection information. Data cells are transmitted over the same connection subsequent to the billing cell. A terminate billing cell or conventional means may be used to drop the connection when the connection is no longer needed. The node computes the cost of using the connection based on the billing and connection information copied from the billing cell, and may also consider the connection time and the amount of data transferred over the connection.

Abstract: A method for encapsulation of labeled datagrams over serial communications links, and a method for extracting the datagrams on the receiving end of the link. The encapsulation method includes adding a label and a label error correction to the front of a datagram, the label error correction being derived using the label and adding a cyclic redundancy check at a trailing end of the datagram, the cyclic redundancy check being derived using the datagram. The end of a packet encapsulating the datagram with a label, a label error correction field and a cyclic redundancy check field is identified by analyzing incoming bits for a packet until a pattern of bits is detected that matches a number of previous bits of the packet coded with a predetermined coding formula and identifying the end of the packet based upon the detection of the match and the predetermined coding formula.

Abstract: The invention concerns data transmission method for implementing a transmission connection. The transmission connection comprises a transfer media (11) and transceivers (A, B) located at opposite ends of the connection. In the method the transceivers operate in time domain in consecutive cycles (T) each of which is composed of the following parameters: (a) a transmission interval (Tr) whose length corresponds substantially to the length of the burst to be transmitted, (b) a switching interval (t1) during which the transceiver switches from transmission interval to reception interval, (c) a reception interval (Rc) whose length corresponds substantially to the length of the burst transmitted by another transceiver, and (d) a switching interval (t2) during which the transceiver switches from the reception interval to the transmission interval. The propagation time &tgr; of the burst across the connection is determined before the transfer of payload data is started.

Abstract: A system for cooling an electronic device comprising a heat sink including a channel having an inlet and an outlet, with the channel coupled to an airflow generation system that generates airflow between the inlet and outlet. Heat is removed from an electronic device by decreasing the cross-sectional area of the channel to provide a throttle at a location adjacent to where the channel traverses the electronic device. A plurality of throttles may be formed in the channel, each for cooling a separate electronic device. An airflow control valve is operably connected to the heat sink for controlling the amount of airflow through the heat sink. A device controller connected to the airflow control valve and the air generation system adjusts the airflow control valve according to temperature measurements collected from the electronic device and controls the operation of the air generation system.

Abstract: A test method in an RF communication system is described. In the communication system, at least one RF communication channel lies about a known carrier frequency in an RF communication band. According to the method, a diagnostic signal is introduced into a circuit to be tested, such as a linear power amplifier, the diagnostic signal having an RF diagnostic frequency lying within the communication band. The diagnostic signal is down converted to an intermediate frequency for diagnostic purposes so that DSP is simplified. The diagnostic frequency is selected based on the known carrier frequency of the communication channel so that the communication channel is not down converted as an image band with the diagnostic signal. A transmitter and an alternative test method are also described.

Abstract: A heat dissipation mechanism for high power devices allows an automatic pick-and-place and solder assembly of electrical components including the high power devices onto a circuit board in a same pick-and-place and solder process. In the heat dissipation mechanism, a device portion and a flange portion of the high power devices are placed upside down such that the flange portion dissipates heat in the device to mechanics through the circuit board.

Abstract: A power amplifier system for amplifying RF signals includes an RF signal feedback arrangement to compensate for the loss of RF output power from isolation ports of hybrid couplers in the system and reduces heat dissipated at the terminations, e.g., a resistor, or other components of the isolation ports of the hybrid couplers. The amplitude of the signals, which is not realized at either of the output ports of the power divider (one of the hybrid coupler) and/or either of the output ports of the power combiner (one of the hybrid coupler) at the termination of the isolation ports of the hybrid couplers, is fed back into the power amplifier system.

Abstract: A method for estimating an impulse response and a receiver in a radio system where the signal to be sent comprises a known training sequence, which receiver comprises means for sampling the received signal, and means for calculating a first estimate for the impulse response by means of the known training sequence. To enable an accurate determination of impulse response, the receiver comprises means for making preliminary decisions of the received samples by means of the first impulse response estimate, means for calculating an error value of the estimated samples and the received samples calculated by means of the preliminary decisions, means for calculating a second estimate of the impulse response by minimizing said error value, and means for calculating a new estimate for the impulse response by combining the first and second estimates to one another.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of controlling subscriber registrations in a mobile communication system where subscriber data concerning visiting subscribers is temporarily stored in a visitor location register. The mobile subscribers are divided into subscriber groups, and subscriber registration quotas, i.e. a limited percentage of the total registration capacity is allocated to each of the subscriber groups by the operator. The visitor location register is arranged to count the number of registered subscribers in each group, and to reject further registrations in the subscriber group if the subscriber registration quota allocated to the respective subscriber group is occupied.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and an arrangement for determining a hot spot of telephone traffic in a cell. The invention uses simultaneously two basic measurements of digital radio systems; timing advance and adjacent cell measurement. Timing advance informs the distance of the mobile station from the base station but not the direction. On the basis of the measured signal strengths of adjacent cells it is possible to determine a set of possible locations of the mobile station when there is information about the coverage area of individual adjacent cells. When these measurements are used simultaneously, they exclude the inaccuracies of each other and enable very accurate location determination for monitoring traffic distribution.

Abstract: Internet service in a digital mobile communication network by means of short message service. The short message service center is connected to the Internet network and uses the HTML, HTTP, and TCP/IP Internet network protocols. Short messages are transferred between the service center and mobile stations. The user submits to the service center a short message containing an identifier of a WWW servicer via the Internet network, receives the WWW page and stores it. The relevant part, which maybe identified by a predetermined criterion, common to all subscribers, or based on a criterion received from the mobile station, such as a keyword, is separated from the WWW page and sent to the mobile station in a short message. The mobile station processes the received message and displays it to the user.