Abstract: An apparatus and method for detecting focus condition of an imaging optical system is disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting a focal condition of an imaging lens on the basis of the lateral image shift detection method including a stripe mask array having a plurality of stripe masks arranged radially about an optical axis of the imaging lens at a constant pitch and a light receiving element array having a plurality of light receiving elements arranged radially about the optical axis of the imaging lens in such a manner that two light fluxes transmitted through upper and lower halves of the aperture of the imaging lens are selectively received by alternate light receiving elements belonging to first and second groups, respectively. Two images formed by the two light fluxes are shifted relative to each other in clockwise and counterclockwise directions, respectively, in accordance with a defocus condition.

Abstract: The disclosed automatic backspace device, in a tape recorder or transcriber or the like, is rewound for a specific period of time. A transistor is turned on by an electrical current from a time constant circuit in response to tape reproduction seen by an operating switch. The transistor charges a capacitor which discharges a constant electrical current through a parallel-connected transistor in a current mirror circuit whose other transistor is supplied with a predetermined electrical current. Another transistor is turned on by the discharge current of the capacitor to carry out the rewinding of the magnetic tape.

Abstract: An optical recording and reproducing apparatus includes a first semiconductor laser for emitting a recording laser beam whose intensity is modulated in accordance with an information signal to be recorded and a second semiconductor laser for emitting a reproducing laser beam having a constant intensity. The recording and reproducing semiconductor lasers are commonly mounted in a supporting member which is mounted on a pick-up plate arranged movably in a radial direction of a rotating optical disc. The recording and reproducing laser beams are composed with each other by means of a substantially parallelogram shaped prism having a reflection surface for reflecting the reproducing laser beam and an optical surface upon which the reproducing laser beam is made incident at an incident angle larger than a critical angle and the recording laser beam is made incident at an incident angle near Brewster's angle.

Abstract: A method for detecting a focus condition of an objective lens system of a single-lens reflex camera is disclosed. A light flux emanating from the objective lens system is divided into first and second light fluxes by means of a prism array having inclined surfaces whose normal lines make a criticl angle with respect to the optical axis of the imaging optical system. Said first and second light fluxes are transmitted through first and second halves of the objective lens system. The first and second light fluxes are made incident upon first and second light receiving element arrays, respectively, to produce first and second sets of output signals representing light distribution of first and second images formed by the first and second light fluxes. From the first and second sets of output signals, interpolated values are derived to form first and second modified sets of signals composed of the first and second sets of output signals and interpolated values.

Abstract: A U-shaped reaction tube used as a reaction tube for a sample analysis in an automatic chemical analyzer and its manufacturing method are disclosed. The U-shaped reaction tube having a cup portion having a large radius, a U-shaped tube portion having a small radius and a tapered end portion having a small radius is formed in one body with elastic material such as a thermoplastic resin by an injection molding. Two pairs of flanges are arranged on an outer surface of the cup portion and a circular flange is arranged on an outer surface of the U-shaped tube, so that the U-shaped reaction tube can be easily secured to a holding plate without a cement in a detachable manner.

Abstract: A purifier for purifying a raw material gas for use in manufacturing semiconductor devices is formed by a hydrogenated amorphous substance of an element selected from a group consisting of Si, Ge, P and As whose hydride gas is used as the raw material gas. This purifier is used for purifying the raw material gas to be purified in such a manner that the raw material gas is brought into contact with the purifier comprising the hydrogenated amorphous substance which is maintained at a temperature a little lower than the decomposition temperature of the raw material gas to efficiently remove the small amount of oxygen from the raw material gas.

Abstract: In a method of photoelectrically judging a particle agglutination pattern formed on a conical bottom surface of a reaction vessel by particles descending upon the bottom surface, at least two judging steps utilizing a total particle amount, a thickness ratio, an inclination and so on are applied to the particle agglutination pattern to judge finally the pattern as one of an integral pattern (-), an intermediate pattern (?) and a uniform deposition pattern (+). In this manner, since all the inaccurate patterns are judged finally as the intermediate pattern (?) and are re-examined, it is possible to always perform an accurate judgment for the particle agglutination pattern.

Abstract: In a camera, a focus condition of an objective lens system is automatically detected in accordance with a combination of two different type detection methods. A light flux emanating from the objective lens system is divided into two light fluxes by means of a prism having a half mirror and a reflecting mirror and a first light flux transmitted through the half mirror is received by a first light receiving element array via a lenticular lens array and a second light flux reflected by the half mirror and reflecting mirror successively is directly received by a second light receiving element array. The lenticular lens array is so arranged that an exit pupil of the objective lens and the first light receiving element array are conjugated with each other and thus divided images of the exit pupil are projected upon respective elements of each pair of adjacent light receiving elements.

Abstract: A magnetic brush developing apparatus including a magnet roll assembly to apply a dry-type, two-component, magnetic developer having magnetic carrier particles and toner particles to an electrostatic latent image to be developed. The toner concentration of the developer is detected by projecting light toward ear-ups of the developer through a transparent plate which is arranged at such a position that the ear-ups of the developer held and carried by the magnetic roll assembly are brought in contact with the plate and by receiving light scattered by the developer through the transparent plate. The transparent plate is formed as a transparent plate to which is applied a bias voltage of such polarity that the charged toner is repelled by the plate.

Abstract: A head adjusting device for use in a tape recorder is disclosed. The device comprises an elastic plate body, a magnetic head fitting member formed by folding the plate body, a magnetic head fixed to the head fitting member and provided to the folded portion correspondingly, an azimuth adjusting mechanism provided to the plate body with a predetermined space for adjusting angular deviation of the head, and a tilt adjusting mechanism provided by screwing the head fitting member to the plate body for adjusting tilt angle of front and rear portions of the head with bias force of the head fitting member.

Abstract: In a corona charger of the scorotron type, a corona wire is detachably secured to a base frame made of insulating material and a control grid is also detachably secured to a grid frame made of insulating material. The grid frame is secured to the base frame in an easily removable manner. The control grid is resiliently stretched over an opening of the grid frame by means of a coiled spring. The corona wire can be easily cleaned or replaced without removing the control grid from the grid frame, and the control grid can be also simply cleaned or replaced without removing the corona wire from the base frame.

Abstract: A semiconductor device for use in an optical device and a method of manufacturing the same are disclosed. The device comprises a plurality of active cells and a plurality of wiring cells. The resistors formed in the device are constituted by combining these wiring cells.

Abstract: The disclosed tape recorder includes an electronic indicating section and an operating section of multi-function such as a tape counter, a clock and a stopwatch. A switch member is provided for compulsorily stopping the function of the operating section of each function, if necessary.

Abstract: A tape recorder capable of performing simultaneous recording or reproducing operation and dubbing operation easy is disclosed. The tape recorder comprises a dubbing means for simultaneously operating a reproducing operation means for one tape drive mechanism and a recording and reproducing operation means for the other drive mechanism or an operation interlock means for simultaneously operating a pair of pause operating means.

Abstract: A personal portable audio device includes a garment having a pocket, a speaker is provided at the shoulder portions of the garment, audio components located in the garment pockets, and lead wires are arranged in the garment for connecting the audio components with the speakers.

Abstract: An automatic analyzing apparatus for automatically effecting chemical analysis on a sample of blood, urea or the like dependent on measurement items by measuring the light absorption degree of a reaction liquid through a reaction vessel, comprising a reaction liquid photometric unit, a photometric unit independent of the reaction light photometric unit and operative to measure beforehand the light absorption degree of the reaction vessel per se or the reaction vessel containing a reagent or dilute liquid, and means for correcting the light absorption degree of the reaction liquid measured at the reaction liquid photometric unit on the basis of the light absorption degree of the reaction vessel per se or the light absorption degree of the reaction vessel containing the reagent or dilute liquid measured at the independent photometric unit.

Abstract: A method for detecting optically an F-number of an interchangeable imaging lens is disclosed. An image of an exit pupil of the imaging lens is projected onto an array of photoelectrically converting light receiving elements so as to measure a diameter of the image of the exit pupil of the imaging lens formed on the light receiving element array. The diameter of the exit pupil image is measured by counting the number of the light receiving elements whose photoelectrically converted outputs are larger than a predetermined threshold value and then the effective F-number of the imaging lens is detected in accordance with said counted number. Further, an image lateral shift amount detected by an image lateral shift detection system is corrected by the detected F-number and an accurate focus detection of the imaging lens can be performed.

Abstract: A solid state image pickup device having an electronic shutter function is disclosed. The device comprises a plurality of picture cells each having a static induction transistor and arranged in a matrix, a plurality of vertical and horizontal scanning lines for scanning the cells, vertical and horizontal registers for generating scanning pulses which drive the vertical and horizontal scanning lines, a readout signal line for reading out light information stored in the cells, a reset signal line for resetting the cells, and a shutter speed control circuit for optionally setting in one frame period the timing of reset scanning pulses generated from a vertical register.

Abstract: A device for varying laser output including a source for generating a laser beam, at least one parallel flat plate having a transmissive characteristic for the laser beam and so arranged that the laser beam enters with the optical axis thereof at a Brewster's angle, a mechanism for rotating the plate about the optical axis, and a laser absorbing body for absorbing the laser beam reflected from the plate.