Abstract: An electrophotographic apparatus of the retention type for forming a number of copies from the same and single electrostatic charge image once formed on a photosensitive drum by repeating successively developing and transferring operations. The electrophotographic apparatus includes a magnetic brush developing device having a fixed magnet, an aluminum sleeve arranged rotatably around the magnet, and an electrically insulating surface layer applied on the sleeve, on which sleeve surface a two component developing agent consisting of magnetic carriers and insulating toners is adhered as furs of a magnetic brush, whereby a magnetic flux density measured at the sleeve surface in a developing area is set to 600 to 800 Gauss, preferably 650 to 750 Gauss and a distance between the drum and the sleeve is selected to 2 to 5 mm, preferably 3 to 4 mm.

Abstract: In the disclosed tape recorder, wherein separate sources of electric power actuate the tape drive and energize a display for showing the running direction of a tape, the display showing the running direction of the tape is disabled unless the source that energizes the drive is effective.

Abstract: A cassette type tape recorder comprises a housing body, a cassette chamber provided therein, a cassette holder for; loading a tape cassette therein, at least one magnetic head, means for driving a magnetic tape provided in the tape cassette, and an urging device for reversing the tape cassette loaded in the cassette holder. This may be accomplished by engaging an eject button to pivot the cassette holder out of the chamber and reengaging the cassette button to rotate the cassette holder 180.degree..

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting an in-focused condition of optical systems by using two values of indices of performance each derived from the number of differences between illumination signals obtained per picture element, comprising first and second image sensors arranged in front of and in the rear of a focal plane of the optical system, first and second analog data processing circuits, and a comparing means.

Abstract: An electrophotographic duplicating process suitable for high humidity conditions utilizes a magnetic brush developing device having an electrically conductive development electrode with an electrically insulating coating thereon in conjunction with a developer. The developer consists of toners with a volume resistivity higher than 10.sup.13 .OMEGA..multidot.cm. and magnetic carriers with a volume resistivity of about 10.sup.5 to 10.sup.8 .OMEGA..multidot.cm and has a toner concentration varying from about 7% to about 13% by weight. Once formed, an electrostatic charge latent image is repeatedly developed and transferred to an image receiving member to form at least twenty duplicated copies.

Abstract: A video-tape recording and reproducing apparatus comprises: a transformer system to divide the field signal into multi-channel transformer signals; a system to record and reproduce these multi-channel transformer signals using a multiple magnetic head; a jitter detection head to record and reproduce fixed frequency signals placed in juxtaposition with the above-mentioned magnetic head; and a system to mix the jitter component signal produced by the jitter detection head, after pole reversal, into each channel of the above-mentioned transformer signal. This video-tape recording and reproducing apparatus achieves high quality video reproduction by eliminating noise caused by tape travel irregularity.

Abstract: An electrophotographing method for use in a copying apparatus employing a sensitizing screen having a great number of fine apertures, made in a drum shape, and a transferring means having a conductive base plate and a charge storage layer formed on the base plate. The transferring means is constructed in the form of a drum. During the process of obtaining a great number of copies from a primary electrostatic latent image which has been stored on the sensitizing means, a secondary electrostatic latent image is formed and regenerated on the transferring means from the stored primary latent image.

Abstract: The recording device has a heating unit operated and controlled to a predetermined operating temperature, the start of the recording device is governed so as not to operate the heating unit before its temperature reaches a predetermined operating value, the starting of the recording device is permitted prior to a certain time before the temperature of the heating unit reaches the predetermined operating value after the power supply is energized source for the recording device.

Abstract: A superminiature cassette tape recorder is disclosed. The tape recorder comprises a capstan hole, a cassette positioning hole and a capstan bearing external portion forming a criterion for positioning a cassette.

Abstract: An electrophotographic apparatus which makes use of a circuit arrangement connected and arranged such that unless a manuscript to be copied passes through a manuscript detector, a gate circuit functions to prevent a copy starting pulse from passing therethrough, thereby preventing initiation of a new copying operation.

Abstract: An apparatus for comparing analog signals delivered from a number of light detecting elements with analog signals delivered from a digital-analog converter by means of a plurality of comparator circuits whose output analog signals are supplied as write enable signals to a plurality of digital memories which are controlled by means of digital signals delivered from a central control circuit such that an illumination intensity information of each picture element is read out as the digital signal in the digital memories, thereby obtaining a signal of detecting a focal point of cameras or the like optical devices.

Abstract: A voice starting device for actuating a tape recorder with a voice signal is disclosed. In the device, a comparator compares the voice signal with a preset reference voltage and actuates a switching element for driving a motor circuit. A charging circuit stores the output of the comparator to maintain the output of the comparator for a predetermined time after termination of the voice signal.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting the in-focusing conditions for use in an optical machinery such as cameras, microscopes or endoscopes is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a light receiver arranged with an angle of inclination against an image surface of an optical system and consisting of a plurality of charge transfer elements aligned as a picture element array; means for deriving illuminance signals from the picture element array of the light receiver and means for treating the illuminance signals to detect the in-focused position of the optical system.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising a delivering device including a probe and operative to suck at least one kind of liquids such as a plurality of reagents, samples or the like from respective vessels into the probe and deliver the liquid thus sucked from the probe into a reaction vessel. In such kind of delivering apparatus, provision is made of the improvement in which the probe is movable along a given moving path, the vessels containing the liquids to be delivered being provided with suction openings arranged at a plurality of fixed positions along the moving path of the probe, and in which the reaction vessel is movable along a path adjacent to and crossed with the moving path of the probe, and in which provision is made of means for locating the probe at any sucking position or at a delivering position with respect to the reaction vessel where the moving path of the probe is adjacent to or crossed with the moving path of the reaction vessel.

Abstract: An automatic analytical apparatus for effecting quantitative analysis of a given substance contained in a sample such as blood, urine or the like and comprising a sample holding and carrying means including a plurality of sample holding positions and operative to carry the sample held by one of the sample holding positions more than one round along a closed loop, a photometric means fitted to a given position of the closed loop and operative to effect at least two photometric operations, a transfer means for transferring one sample to the sample holding position without transferring any other sample to the latter, and a discarding means operative to discard the sample only which has been subjected to the given number of photometric operations.

Abstract: An apparatus for applying a given amount of blood serum sample to a sample bearing film which has been wetted with Veronal-Veronal soda buffer solution comprises an applicator with an application chip holding a given amount of the blood serum sample, a hygrometer for detecting a humidity of an atmosphere surrounding the wetted sample bearing film, a timer circuit for presetting an application time in accordance with the detected humidity and producing a timing signal when said present application time has elapsed, and a control circuit for receiving the timing signal to drive the applicator to apply the blood serum sample to the film which is in the most favorable wet condition.

Abstract: A light scanning device comprising a number of photoelectric conversion elements arranged beneath a light transmission member along the main scanning direction for a manuscript and spaced apart from each other by a given pitch and an opaque member disposed on the light transmission member and provided therein with openings each opposed to each of the photoelectric conversion elements.

Abstract: A photometric system for use in an image pick-up device is disclosed. The photometric system comprises the steps of forming an image focussed by a camera lens system on a light receiver consisting of a plurality of charge transfer elements arranged in a picture element array; selectively deriving luminance signals of amplitude having a value within a range of about .+-.2 exposure values around a reference exposure value corresponding to a mean value between a maximum value and a minimum value of the amplitude of the luminance signals; and seeking a mean value of the selected luminance signals to photometrically measure the light of automatically selected portions on the average.

Abstract: A cassette roll sheet feeding apparatus for feeding a roll sheet from a cassette after the roll sheet cassette is loaded in a copying machine employs a sheet guide. The sheet guide is near a sheet outlet having at least one opening. An assembly such as a roller rotatably journaled by a shaft, serves to assist the feeding of the roll sheet through the outlet and is urged against the sheet guide through the leading end of the roll sheet.A sheet feed roller is in the copying machine body and projects through the opening in the sheet guide to hold the sheet in cooperation with the roller, when the cassette is mounted in the copying machine body. The sheet is held at the leading end portion when the cassette is removed from the copying machine body.

Abstract: An electrographic apparatus comprising a main body, a manuscript discharge tray, a slit light exposure portion, a manuscript feed mechanism including upper and lower feed mechanisms, the upper feed mechanism being arranged movably with respect to the lower feed mechanism, a photosensitive body, a sheet manuscript edge guide, a thick manuscript edge guide and means for automatically changing the two edge guides in response to a movement of the upper feed mechanism with respect to the lower feed mechanism; the apparatus being constructed and arranged such that in the case of obtaining copies of a sheet manuscript the sheet manuscript is fed by the manuscript feed mechanism under a condition that the upper feed mechanism is mounted on the lower feed mechanism and scanned by exposed light by one time and in the case of obtaining copies of a thick manuscript a thick manuscript carriage on which is disposed the thick manuscript is fed by the lower feed mechanism under a condition that the upper feed mechanism is mo