Abstract: A disk reproducing apparatus with a plurality of disks arrayed and held therein selects a desired disk for reproduction from the arrayed disks. The disk reproducing apparatus includes an insertion slot which defines an insertion executable position, a disk holding device including a plurality of disks inserted through the insertion slot by arraying the disks in a direction perpendicular to main surfaces of the disks, the disk holding device being movable in a direction of arrangement of the disks, a disk reproducing device having upper and lower surfaces opposing in the direction of arrangement of the disks, the disk reproducing device being movable in the direction of arrangement of the disks, and reproducing a disk to be reproduced at a reproduction executable position at which the upper surface faces the disk to be reproduced.

Abstract: An optical disc discriminating system comprises: a tracking error signal generating means adapted to generate a tracking error signal whose amplitude level varies with a groove depth of information tracks on an optical disc; a tracking servo means for directing a laser beam along an information track on the optical disc in accordance with the tracking error signal; a comparator adapted to compare the amplitude level of the tracking error signal supplied from the tracking error signal generating means with a reference level, with a tracking servo loop of the tracking servo means in an opened condition; a discriminating means adapted to discriminate the first and second groups of optical discs in accordance with a result from the comparator.

Abstract: A pickup for a recording and reproducing system has a hologram for dividing a laser beam from a laser diode into a main beam and a plurality of sub-beams. The hologram is provided to locate the sub-beams at positions rearward with respect to a scanning direction of the main beam.

Abstract: An information reproducing apparatus has a read device, is capable of reproducing sub picture information and is also capable of performing a highlight display of the sub picture information. In an information record medium to be reproduced by this reproducing apparatus, at least the sub picture information and reproduction control information to control a reproduction of the sub picture information are recorded on the record track such that the sub picture information and the reproduction control information are divided into a plurality of groups. Each of the groups is a predetermined unit able to be accessed by the information reproducing apparatus, and has a sub picture pack in which the sub picture information is contained and a control pack in which the reproduction control information is contained.

Abstract: An electron emission device exhibits a high electron emission efficiency. The device includes an electron supply layer of metal or semiconductor, an insulator layer formed on the electron supply layer, and a thin-film metal electrode formed on the insulator layer. The insulator layer is made of an amorphous dielectric substance and has a film thickness of 50 nm or greater and has an amorphous phase with an average grain size of 5 to 100 nm as a major component and a polycrystal phase as a minor component. When an electric field is applied between the electron supply layer and the thin-film metal electrode, the electron emission device emits electrons.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device has a semiconductor substrate. A plurality of switching elements are arranged on the substrate in matrix, and a plurality of pixel electrodes are provided above the switching elements, arranged in matrix corresponding to the switching elements. A liquid crystal layer is provided on the pixel electrodes. The switching element is connected with a corresponding pixel electrode by a wiring layer. Dummy layers are provided in the same level as the wiring layer so that a surface of the dummy layer is substantially flush with a surface of the wiring layer.

Abstract: A plurality of series-connected units, e.g., display units, are controlled by serial command data transmitted from a computer. The computer transmits ID setting command data for the respective units in a sequential manner. A controller of each unit takes in an ID code included in a first-received ID setting command data to employ it as an ID code of the associated unit. Based on an instruction signal from the controller indicating that the ID code has been set, subsequently received ID setting command data are transferred to the following unit.

Abstract: A driving apparatus according to the invention turns on a capacitive light emitting device having a first electrode and a second electrode in accordance with a light-on instruction. The apparatus has: a voltage accumulating unit, for example, a capacitor for holding a voltage energy corresponding to the contents of the light-on instruction; a circuit for applying the voltage energy held in the voltage accumulating unit to a portion across electrodes (A and B) in one direction in response to a first control signal and for applying the voltage energy held in the voltage accumulating unit to the portion across the electrodes in the other direction in response to a second control signal; and a circuit for alternately generating the first and second control signals. The invention can cope with a deterioration due to an aging change or the like, prevent a reduction of a light emission intensity due to the deterioration or the like, and contribute to a simplification of the construction and a decrease in costs.

Abstract: A disk reproducing apparatus with a plurality of disks arrayed and held therein for selecting a desired disk from the arrayed disks and reproducing the disk.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an organic electroluminescent display device including one or more organic electroluminescent elements arranged on a light-permeable substrate, each element having a cathode, an emitting layer made of one or more organic substances and an anode is capable of forming, at a high accuracy, an emitting layer with various patterns.

Abstract: An information recording and reproducing apparatus for reproducing record information, which includes character information and main information, from a first record medium and recording the reproduced record information onto a second record medium so as to copy the record information from the first record medium to the second record medium, is provided with: a reading device for reading the character information and the main information from the first record medium; a memory device for storing the character information read by the reading device; a recording device for recording the main information onto the second record medium; and a control device for controlling the recording device to record the character information stored in the memory device onto the second record medium after the reading device has finished reading the main information from the first record medium and the recording device has finished recording the main information onto the second record medium.

Abstract: A method of subliming material is provided for use in a CVD film preparation method wherein a CVD precursor is sublimed from its solid state by heating to a temperature not exceeding its melting point, thereby producing a vapor of the precursor, and the vapor of the precursor is transported to a reactor. The method of subliming material comprises the steps of forming the solid-state compound into a film, covering a back surface of the film with a non-reactive support and exposing a front surface of the film to an atmosphere as a sublimation surface. The method maintains the exposed surface area of the solid compound constant during processing.

Abstract: A method for forming a resonator in a semiconductor laser device comprises the steps of; filling with a resin a gap surrounding the side surfaces of the waveguide for a resonator other than the end-surface to be polished; polishing the end-surface and the resin surrounding it; forming a predetermined optical coating on the polished end-surface and the resin in the state of the laser waveguide and the electrode being embedded; and removing the embedding resin. Both the bending of polished end-surfaces and the entering of the thin film into the side surface of the laser waveguide is prevented so that a high smooth end-surface of mirror coating for resonator is achieved. Furthermore, any crystals are used for a substrate carrying a semiconductor laser structure with a resonator even if that crystal is of non-cleavage, according to that method.

Abstract: A coefficient data transfer processing method for a digital signal processor which has a coefficient address pointer independent of a program counter, whereby a processing program and coefficient data are transferred and supplied from a microcomputer determination, whether an instruction is a read instruction of the coefficient data to execute a read cycle steal or with is made; a value of a program counter with is made; when it is the read instruction, new coefficient data is transferred from the microcomputer to a transfer buffer at an instruction read stage and instruction decode stage in a processing unit; and the coefficient data stored in the transfer buffer is written into a coefficient data memory by the read cycle steal at an execute stage in the same processing unit.

Abstract: A digital data signal reading and reproducing apparatus which can accurately read and reproduce a digital data signal recorded on a recording medium at a high density. There is performed a Viterbi decoding process in which a code series pattern which the digital data signal can take is subjected to the convolution arithmetic calculation by means of discrete impulse responses h(i) obtained by performing the discrete inverse Fourier transformation on the frequency characteristics of a signal recording and reproducing system constructed by the recording medium and its reading device and the results of the convolution arithmetic calculation are made to be the predicted values.

Abstract: Data converting method and apparatus for forming an RLL code which can perform a control to eliminate a DC component without an increase in number of bits. Natural numbers m, n, d, k, and k, satisfy conditions such that m<n and d<k<k.sub.1, an input data sequence by binary codes is divided into blocks each consisting of m bits and is sequentially converted to code words every one or a plurality of blocks at a ratio of (m bits:n bits) by a predetermined conversion rule in a manner that after completion of the conversion, the number of bits "0" between neighboring bits "1" is equal to d in minimum and k in maximum.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent device comprises an anode, a positive-hole transport layer made of an organic compound, an emitting layer made of an organic compound, an electron transport layer made of an organic compound, an electron-injecting layer, and a cathode which are layered in sequence. The electron-injecting layer is made of an alkaline metal compound comprising at least one of Li, Rb, Cs, Na, and K including alkaline metal oxides, alkaline metal peroxides, alkaline metal compound oxides, alkaline metal halides, alkaline metal nitride, and alkaline metal salt such as Li.sub.2 O, Li.sub.2 O.sub.2, Rb.sub.2 O, Cs.sub.2 O, Rb.sub.2 O.sub.2, CS.sub.2 O.sub.2, LiAlO.sub.2, LiBO.sub.2, LiCl, RbCl, NaCl, KAlO.sub.2, Na.sub.2 WO.sub.4, K.sub.2 SiO.sub.3, and Li.sub.2 CO.sub.3.

Abstract: A wavelength converting element comprises; an X or Y-out substrate made of lithium tantalate crystal or lithium niobate crystal having a major surface containing a Z-axis of the crystal; polarization inversion layers formed the major surface each extending in the Z-axis and treated by applying an electric field of direct current to the substrate wherein the electric field of direct current contains a field component toward an inverse direction of the Z-axis intersecting at an angle of .theta. in a range of 0.degree.<.theta.<90.degree.

Abstract: A digital signal reproducing apparatus which can reproduce a digital signal without deteriorating the performance of a Viterbi decoder being deteriorated even if a positional error due to some mechanism causes in reproducing information from a recording medium or amplitude fluctuation in a red signal due to fluctuation in characteristics of the recording medium should occur. The digital signal reproducing apparatus performs an A/D conversion of a read signal read from the recording medium to convert it to a digital sample value series, obtains an amplitude value according to a result of subtraction between a maximum sample value having a maximum level of sample values in the sample value series and a minimum sample value having a minimum level of sample values in said sample value series, and supplies a value obtained by uniformly each of the estimated sample values in a Viterbi decoder by this amplitude value as a final estimated sample value to the Viterbi decoder.

Abstract: A perforated hole having a tapered wall is formed in a frame of a loudspeaker. The hole has a plurality of radial ribs on the tapered wall. A projection is provided on a metalic plate. The projection is engaged with the perforated hole and the top of the projection is peened so as to deform the projection, thereby to fasten the frame to the metalic plate.