Abstract: An apparatus for transporting a film in an APS camera and for magnetically writing data on the film includes a release switch, a single perforation sensing unit, a controller, a film transporting unit, and a data writing unit. After a frame of the film is exposed, the controller starts to write data after a first perforation is sensed and stops the film transport operation after a second perforation is sensed. The controller decreases a pulse period of a transport signal controlling the film transport operation when the second perforation is being sensed, and stops to output the signal after the second perforation has been sensed.

Abstract: In a control of a gas turbine having a gas turbine engine, a fuel pump for supplying fuel to the gas turbine engine, a fuel valve, and a motor for driving the fuel pump, the motor or the fuel valve as a subject of control is controlled. (A) The difference between a target torque set by a user and an actual torque of the gas turbine engine is obtained. (B) A fuzzy control value is obtained by executing a fuzzy control algorithm in which the torque difference and a time differential value of the torque difference are set as input variables. (C) A proportional-differential control value is obtained by multiplying the fuzzy control value by a gain set through a simulation in which the fuzzy control value approximates to the proportional-differential control value from the torque difference. (D) An integral control value is obtained from the torque difference.

Abstract: A method for driving a shutter of a camera includes the steps of determining whether a first shutter release is performed, measuring light and distance to the subject if the first shutter release is performed, determining both a focus position of the focus control lens to the subject and a light exposure according to the measured light and distance, reading focus compensating data stored in a memory, calculating a compensated focus position on the basis of the focus compensating data, determining whether a second shutter release is performed, moving the focus control lens to the compensated focus position, and driving the shutter.

Abstract: The lead frame includes outer leads plated with tin (Sn) alloy so as to withstand the high temperatures generated during a subsequent semiconductor packaging process. In addition to the outer leads, the lead frame includes a die pad and inner leads composed of a base metal, such as copper (Cu), a copper alloy, or a nickel alloy. The die pad and the inner leads are plated with silver for improved conductivity. In order to withstand relatively high temperatures as well as to resist corrosion and have good solder wettability, the outer leads are preferably plated with a tin antimony alloy, such as a tin-antimony alloy consisting of 90.+-.5 weight percent of tin and 10.+-.5 weight percent antimony. Alternatively, the outer leads can be plated with a tin-antimony-lead alloy, such as a tin-antimony-lead alloy consisting of 10.+-.5 weight percent of tin, 10.+-.5 weight percent of antimony and 80.+-.10 weight percent of lead. A method of plating a lead frame is also provided.

Abstract: A stage apparatus having a rotary table and a method of operating the same are provided. The stage apparatus includes a base, a stage which is rectilinearly movable on the upper surface of the base, and a rotary table which is rotatable on the stage and on which a workpiece is to be placed. Therefore, a larger workpiece can be effectively manufactured using the stage apparatus.

Abstract: A leadframe manufacturing apparatus includes a laser beam generator, a laser beam path tube through which laser beams travel, a leadframe transferring unit which transfers leadframe material to be irradiated by the laser beams, a controller connected to the laser beam generator and the leadframe transferring unit, which controls the transfer and irradiation of the leadframe material, a laser mask having a predetermined pattern, placed between the laser beam generator and the leadframe transferring unit, and a laser beam absorbing unit for supporting the leadframe transferring unit. A leadframe may also be manufactured by coating a leadframe material with a photoresist film capable of blocking the laser beams, and then patterning the photoresist film.

Abstract: A multi-layered circuit substrate and a manufacturing method thereof comprising the steps of coating the upper surface of a substrate with a photosensitive insulating layer; exposing and developing the photosensitive insulating layer to form a photosensitive insulating layer of predetermined pattern and pattern spaces; forming a conductive layer by printing a conductive ink in the pattern spaces; and forming a plurality of layers by performing the previous steps, each layer comprising a photosensitive insulating layer of predetermined pattern and pattern spaces and a conductive layer formed in the pattern spaces.

Abstract: A light-exposing device for making a semiconductor device. A reticle has patterns to be exposed to light. A blind controls a light-exposing area of the reticle. An optical system between the blind and the reticle condenses light passing through the blind. Adjacent patterns on a reticle are consecutively projected by superimposing light-exposing energy. An extra optical system condenses light passing through the blind. The usable area of the reticle is maximized; the interval between patterns is not critical; and inferiority by either lack or excess of the exposure to light between the patterns is reduced.

Abstract: The present invention provides a wire bonding apparatus for performing a wire bonding operation on a workpiece having a planar upper surface. The wire bonding apparatus includes a capillary for performing wire bonding and a drive unit for positioning the capillary. The wire bonding apparatus also includes a controller that controls the drive unit and the capillary. This controller generates an equation that defines the plane of the workpiece. Further, the controller determines the difference in height between the home position of the capillary and a selected bonding position on the workpiece based on the equation of the plane. The controller also determines a speed profile for moving the wire bonding apparatus toward the selected bonding position. This speed profile divides the difference in height into first and second sections. Preferably, the second section associated with each bonding position has the same heights.

Abstract: A zoom lens system includes, when viewed from an object side, a first lens group with a positive refractive power; a second lens group with a positive refractive power; and a third lens group with a negative refractive power. When zooming from a wide-angle position to a telephoto position, the first, second and third lens groups move towards the object side while the distance between the first lens group and the second lens group increases and the distance between the second lens group and the third lens group decreases. The zoom lens system is compact and has a high zoom ratio of more than 3.5.

Abstract: A photographic device and a control method thereof in which a user can take a portrait photograph by changing a photographic screen range according to a size and a number of objects to be photographed. The photographic device includes a photographic selection block for selecting a photographic operation; a mode selection block for selecting a portrait photographic mode; a distance measuring block for measuring a distance from the object; a micro-controller for calculating a size of the object according to a signal outputted from the distance measuring block in response to the operation of the photographic selection block when the portrait photographic mode is selected, for setting a photographic screen range according to the calculated size of the object, and for controlling the photographic operation according to the set photographic screen range; and a photographic block for performing the portrait photograph according to the photographic screen range set by the micro-controller.

Abstract: An air conditioning system including a compressor for compressing high temperature air supplied by an engine, a turbine for cooling the compressed air by expanding the compressed air, a condenser which is connected to the turbine and condenses air, and an axially hollow rotation shaft coaxially coupling the compressor and the turbine, the shaft allowing a portion of the high temperature air flowing in the compressor to pass through the shaft toward the turbine for mixing with the air cooled in the turbine and supplied to the condenser.

Abstract: A zoom lens system includes three lens groups. The first lens group and the third lens group have a positive refractive power, and the second lens group has a negative refractive power. The second lens group and the third lens group move along an optical axis when zooming from a wide-angle position to a telephoto position. The zoom lens system satisfies the following conditions:2.0<.beta..sub.2 (T)/.beta..sub.3 (T)<2.5-0.7<.beta..sub.3 (T)<-0.4where:.beta..sub.2 (T) represents magnification ratio of the second lens group at the telephoto position; and.beta..sub.3 (T) represents magnification ratio of the third lens group at the telephoto position.

Abstract: A lamp arc observing apparatus includes a lens unit installed in the path of light emitted from a lamp, a camera for viewing the image of the electrodes of the lamp through the lens unit, and a light intensity controlling device installed between the lens unit and the camera for controlling the intensity of light incident on the camera so that the camera can capture the image of the electrodes of the lamp.

Abstract: A semiconductor lead frame and a fabricating method thereof are provided. The semiconductor lead frame includes a metal substrate, and a multi-layered plating layer including a copper-nickel alloy layer formed on the metal substrate, and a palladium or palladium alloy layer formed on the copper-nickel alloy layer.

Abstract: The invention comprises a real image zoom finder including an objective lens group, an erecting group, and an eyepiece lens group. The objective lens group includes a first lens having a negative refractive power, a second lens having a positive refractive power, a third lens having a positive refractive power, and a fourth lens having a positive refractive power. The surface of the fourth lens closest to the image side of finder is convex and the second lens is biconvex. The real image zoom finder has a simple structure and good performance for all magnification ranges.

Abstract: A method for forming a plating layer of a lead frame having excellent anti-corrosion properties is provided. At least a portion of a lead frame is plated, then a first heating of the plated portion of the lead frame to a first temperature is performed, and finally a second heating of the first heated plated portion of the lead frame to a second temperature higher than the first temperature is performed. The lead frame manufactured by this method has excellent anti-corrosion properties, such that deterioration of the plating layer, by cracking and inferior solderability, is not observed.