Abstract: A compact zoom lens system is described which includes, when viewed from an object, a first lens group with a positive refractive power; a second lens group with a negative refractive power; wherein the magnification change of the lens system can be changed by moving the first lens group and the second lens group along the optical axis of the lens system towards the object, wherein 0.45<L.sub.w /f.sub.t <0.55, 2.5<f.sub.t /f.sub.w (.phi.m)<3.0, 4.3<m2t<5. L.sub.w is the distance between the front surface which is the surface facing the object of the first lens of the first lens group, and the image plane in the wide angle position, f.sub.t is the focal length of the lens system in the telephoto position, f.sub.w is the focal length of the lens system in the wide angle position, .phi.m is the zoom ratio, and m2t is the magnification of the second lens group in the telephoto position.

Abstract: An apparatuses for preventing magnetic recording errors in an advanced photo system camera. The apparatus comprises a film transport sensing unit for detecting a perforation in a film and for generating an output signal for each detected perforation. A control unit determines whether noise has occurred in the transport sensing unit output signal while the film is being advanced. When noise occurs in the transport sensing unit output signal, the control unit prevents recording of photographic data on the film for a predetermined period of time. The apparatus also includes a magnetic recording unit for magnetically recording the photographic data on the film according to a control signal output by the control unit.

Abstract: A method of fabricating the inner leads of a fine pitch leadframe having a small interval between leads. The inner leads of the fine pitch leadframe are fabricated by combining a new stamping tool for fabricating extended fine pitch portions of inner leads with an existing stamping tool for fabricating the inner leads of a leadframe. This method obviates the time and expense of manufacturing an entirely new stamping tool.

Abstract: An apparatus for transporting film within an APS camera includes a perforation sensor, a controller, a film transporter, and a motor. The controller receives signals from the perforation sensor, and controls the film transport in response to the electric signal. The control unit also controls the film transporter to rewind the film and then wind the film to a predetermined position. During winding the controller counts a time period during which a perforation is not sensed by the perforation sensor, and compares the time period with a predetermined time. The controller then controls the film transporter to wind the film so long as the time period is less than the predetermined time; and stopping winding of the film at a position when a state of a signal from the perforation sensor changes, when the time period exceeds the predetermined time.

Abstract: A compact zoom lens system includes, when viewed from an object side, a first lens group with positive refractive power and a second lens group. The magnification of the system can be changed by varying a distance between the first lens group and the second lens group, wherein the following condition is satisfied:Lt/ft<0.78wherein:Lt is the distance between the surface of lens closest to the object and the image plane; andft is the focal length of the zoom lens system.

Abstract: A zoom lens system having two lens group. The zoom lens system has a zooming ratio greater than 2.4, a viewing angle of over 70 degrees and a telephoto ratio of about 1.0. The zoom lens system includes a first lens group of a positive refractive power, which has four lenses, and a second lens group of a negative refractive power, which has three lenses. The second lens group includes one aspherical lens surface. The zoom lens system according to the present invention satisfies the following conditions:0.22<fl/ft<0.302.45<ft/fw0.74<Ll1/(ft-fw)<0.850.75<fl/Y<1.10wherefl is a focal length of a first lens group;ft is a focal length of the entire zoom lens system at a telephoto position;fw is a focal length of the entire zoom lens system at a wide angle position;Ll1 is a shift distance of the first lens group during zooming; and2Y is a diagonal length of an image.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for preventing the deviation of a focal plane shutter are disclosed. The apparatus has a back cover switch, a control unit and a shutter driver. The apparatus and method prevents the deviation of the focal plane shutter blade by opening the focal plane shutter when a back cover opens. The focal plane shutter is restored to an initial focal plane shutter state after the back cover is closed.

Abstract: A compact zoom lens system includes a positive first lens group and a negative second lens group. The first lens group includes a first positive lens, a second negative biconcave lens and a third positive biconvex lens. The second lens group includes a fourth positive meniscus lens with the concave surfaces of the lens oriented towards the object side and a fifth negative meniscus lens with the concave surfaces of the lens oriented towards the object side. The zoom lens system satisfies the following conditions:0.40<f1/f.sub.W <0.60where f1 represents a focal length of the first lens, and f.sub.W represents a focal length of the zoom lens system at a wide angle position.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a lead frame includes degreasing and activating the surface of a metal sheet, providing the plating solution containing nickel(II) sulfamate tetrahydrate, (Ni(H.sub.2 NSO.sub.3).sub.2.4H.sub.2 O), manganese(II) sulfamate tetrahydrate (Mn(H.sub.2 NSO.sub.3).sub.2.4H.sub.2), nickel (II) chloride hexahydrate (NiCl.sub.2.6H.sub.2 O) and boric acid, plating the metal sheet in the plating solution to form a Ni--Mn alloy layer, and forming a Pd or Pd alloy layer on the Ni--Mn alloy layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a compact zoom lens system. The lens systems includes a first lens group having positive refractive power; a second lens group having negative refractive power; a third lens group having positive refractive power; and a fourth lens group having positive refractive power. The first lens group and the third lens group are fixed against an image plane. The second lens group is linearly movable for variable magnification. The fourth lens group is able to compensate for moving of an image plane and is linearly movable toward an object for focusing. The lens system is governed by the following relationship: 0<.vertline.f.sub.II-2 /f.sub.II-3 .vertline.<1.2, where f.sub.II-2 is a focal length of a second lens of the second lens group, and f.sub.II-3 is a focal length of a third lens of the second lens group.

Abstract: A device for reversing an image of an object includes selector for selecting a reverse mode and control signal generator for generating a plurality of control signals. The control signal generator outputs a down-counting signal when the reverse mode is selected. A memory stores image data when the memory receives a store-enable control signal from the control signal generator and outputs the stored image data when the memory receives an output-enable control signal from the control signal generator. The device also includes an address generator for generating an address at which the image data is stored in the memory according to a control signal received from the control signal generator. During the reverse mode, the address generator generates an address to sequentially access the memory, beginning with a last address of the memory according to the down-counting signal.

Abstract: A ball grid array semiconductor package including a semiconductor chip, at least one lead having one end attached to the semiconductor chip and other end bent at a predetermined angle, a wire connecting the bent lead to an electrode formed on the semiconductor chip, a first bump attached to a bent end portion of the bent lead, and a resin molding enclosing the semiconductor chip, the lead and the wire to allow one side surface of the bump to be exposed out of the resin molding.

Abstract: A device for carrying artillery shells, each shell having a cylindrical body and a conical head, is disclosed. The device includes an upper body and a lower body. A gripper assembly is connected to the lower body and has an inner circumferential surface corresponding to the cylindrical body. A driving unit pivots the gripper assembly about an axis. A shell-head stopping unit is connected to the lower body at a position which may be adjusted along the length of the lower body. The shell-head stopping unit receives the conical head of a shell to hold the shell in a set position. Also included is a shell-rear stopping unit connected to the gripper assembly and elastically biased upward with respect to the inner circumferential surface of the gripper assembly. The shell-rear stopping unit holds the rear end of the shell in the gripper assembly.

Abstract: A lead frame has a metal substrate directly coated with a palladium alloy layer to prevent diffusion of metal molecules from the metal substrate. The lead frame does not contain a nickel intermediate layer, thereby preventing the diffusion of nickel molecules which makes soldering difficult, and enhancing production.

Abstract: The invention comprises a fast zoom lens system comprising, from an object side to an image side, three lens groups. The first lens group has an overall positive refractive power, the second lens group has an overall positive refractive power, and the third lens group has an overall negative refractive power. The first lens group, the second lens group and the third lens group move toward the object side during operation. In addition, a distance between the first lens group and the second lens group increases while a distance between the second lens group and the third lens group decreases when zooming from a wide-angle position to a telephoto position. Fast zoom lens systems consistent with the invention satisfy the following conditions:0.8<f2/fw<1.00.40<D2/fw<0.

Abstract: A recyclable camera and film combination for a camera recycling system is disclosed. The camera comprises a film cartridge chamber with a lid, a rotatable dial manually rotated in the same, direction flame by frame, for every shot, both in controlling the initial loading of the film and in winding up the film. Also included are means for automatically rewinding the film in response to the rotation of the dial after the last frame in the film has been shot, means for controlling the lid so as to automatically open when the entire film is rewound into the film cartridge, means for counting the number of film cartridges loaded into the cartridge chamber, and means for making the controlling means inoperative, whereby the lid does not open for the removal of the film cartridge loaded in the cartridge chamber when the counting means reaches a predetermined number of film cartridges and thus prevent the cartridge chamber from receiving any further film cartridges.

Abstract: A finder system for a single lens reflex camera includes a focusing screen having a split prism, a penta roof mirror and an eyepiece lens system. The penta roof mirror has a hollow housing made of plastic material in the shape of a pentagonal prism whose three surfaces are coated inside to reflect light. The eyepiece lens system includes two plastic lenses, each of which has a different dispersion.

Abstract: A flash control method for an interline charge coupled device (CCD) camera, in which two photographic fields of an object are used to form one frame, is disclosed. The method comprises the step of storing an equation defining the relationship between a light emission amount of a flash, a flash voltage, and a light emission time for the flash. The target light emission amount is then set according to photographic conditions of the object. A first flash voltage is then measured, and a first light emission time is calculated using the stored equation according to the set target light emission amount and the measured first flash voltage. Light is then emitted for a duration corresponding to the calculated first light emission time in sync with a first period of the vertical sync signal. A second flash voltage is then measured, and a second light emission time is calculated using the stored equation according to the set target light emission amount and the measured second flash voltage.

Abstract: A lead frame etching method, which is used for a semiconductor device assembling process and prevents a sharp-edged portion formed on each lateral end of a lead frame material. The method includes the steps of forming a first photoresist pattern defining the actual etching region, on both surfaces of a lead frame material, forming a second photoresist pattern as an etching buffer extending from lateral ends of the first photoresist pattern, on both surfaces of the lead frame material on which the first photoresist pattern is formed, etching the lead frame material using the second photoresist pattern as an etching mask, removing the second photoresist pattern from the etched lead frame material, etching the lead frame material using the first photoresist pattern as an etching mask, and removing the first photoresist pattern from the twice-etched lead frame material.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for reading photographic information for an advance photo system camera utilizes a single optical sensor to record the photographic information on a data disk contained in a film cartridge. The apparatus further includes an information reading device for reading the photographic information and for generating a signal according to the photographic information. A film transport device is also used for rotating a film spool to wind a film into and out of the film cartridge. The apparatus further includes a controller for determining the state of the film cartridge and for setting a stop position of the film spool according to the current state of the film cartridge. The recorded photographic information can be easily read, thus allowing the user to easily determine the state of the film cartridge.