Abstract: An improved hydrated fluid shortening having a lipoidal content of about 25% to about 55% is prepared by emulsifying with about 75% to about 45% water, a shortening composition which contains about 40 to about 70 parts by weight of a liquid vegetable oil and about 8 to about 29 parts of an emulsifier concentrate, the latter consisting essentially of about 4 to about 10 parts normally liquid or soft partial glycerol ester food emulsifier vehicle in which is stably dispersed about 2 to about 8 parts ethoxylated fatty acid ester, about 2 to about 8 parts solid phase fine crystalline food emulsifier component, and about 0 to about 3 parts soybean stearine. In a preferred example of the present invention, the lipoidal emulsifier fraction comprises a fluent or soft mono- and diglyceride admixed with ethoxylated mono- and diglyceride and a solid phase ester emulsifier such as succinylated mono- and diglyceride, or the alkali or alkaline earth metal salt of an acyl lactylate.

Abstract: A non-pourable, flavored, spreadable emulsion comprising about 8 to about 15% of a high solids fat, the balance being water and sweetening agent with lesser amounts of stabilizing agent, emulsifier, and protein. The use of a high solids fat makes the emulsion temperature stable over a wide temperature range. The emulsion is particularly suitable as a spreadable syrup for such food products as pancakes and waffles, and becomes fluid at the usual temperatures of serving of such products.

Abstract: An improved two-step process for producing large size emulsion polymer particles includes the steps of providing uniform size polymer particles in the first stage followed by a controlled second stage monomer polymerization which overcomes stability problems in large size composite emulsion polymer particle systems, and is particularly useful in coatings, adhesives, and plastics.

Abstract: Para-menth-1-ene-7-sulfonate salts are made by reacting .beta.-pinene with a bisulfite salt under free radical conditions.

Abstract: An electrocoating composition useful for electrocoating a paint coating from an aqueous solution onto an anode electrical conductive substrate. The electrocoating composition is based upon a fatty acid ester and .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated dicarboxylic acid modified styrene-allyl alcohol copolymer further modified with an acid-functional acrylic copolymer. The electrocoated film can be air dried or heat cured.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the coupling of a Grignard reagent RMgX with an allylic halide in the presence of a dipolar aprotic solvent wherein the improvement, for obtaining improved yield and selectivity, comprises adding a catalyst to said Grignard or allylic halide and then carrying out the coupling reaction by the addition of the Grignard reagent to the allylic halide, said reaction being characterized by the displacement at the gamma position (relative to the halide) of the allylic halide with R of the Grignard reagent, migration of the allylic double bond in the direction of the halogen atom and loss of halogen. The present invention also resides in the discovery of certain novel procedures for the synthesis of Vitamin E. Specific embodiments of this aspect of the invention reside in the syntheses of 6,7-dehydrophytol, 10,11-dihydrofarnesene, phytone, hexahydropseudoionone, and related compounds as precursors for Vitamin E.

Abstract: An improved control system, especially for dryers, adapted to sample dryer air, in a sample taking circuit, determine the moisture content of said air, and control the flow of make-up air to the dryer and exhaust air from the dryer in response to said moisture content. Means are provided for reducing the temperature of the dryer air in the sample taking circuit to one that can be handled by a signal producing means responsive to sample air moisture content. The flow of dryer air through said circuit is maintained by an aspirator and compressor combination, the compressor being adapted to provide purge air to the circuit before and/or after periods of sample taking.

Abstract: A resinous copolymer polyelectrolyte product is produced by a process for addition polymerization of reactants having from about 0.0005 to 0.0050 neutralization equivalents of ionizable monomer per gram. The aqueous reaction mixture for polymerization contains both a cosolvent in proportions low enough to avoid formation of a solution of the polyelectrolyte in the final aqueous medium and an ionizing agent sufficient to ionize at least about 0.0001 neutralization equivalent of said ionizable monomer. The polyelectrolyte has a mean weight average not substantially in excess of 100,000 molecular weight.

Abstract: Cathodically electrodepositable resin having sufficient cationogenic sites to form, when enough of such sites are ionized, a stable aqueous dispersion, is dispersed in water with anionogen satisfying at least the requisite number of such sites for generating such stable dispersion. The anionogen is proportioned to supply as the satisfying anionic moieties C.sub.1-4 fatty acid anions and H.sub.2 PO.sub.4 --anions in a ratio of about 0.25:1 to 5:1. When such sites are from ionizable amino functionality, a mixture of carboxylic acid (preferably acetic) and orthophosphoric acid is the anionogen, and such acids are proportioned so that their primary acid hydrogens are not substantially in excess of all the ionizable base functionality present.

Abstract: A protective collar for tank cars, which are used for the transport of materials capable of causing corrosion on the exterior surface of the tank car, is formed approximately in the shape of a downwardly facing C and is placed over the exterior upper surface of the car in the area of the car manway and associated fixtures, normally midway between the car ends. The collar is made of stainless steel or other such protective materials and is provided with apertures to accommodate the tank car manway and associated fixtures. The collar preferably is secured to the exterior surface of the car by means of a frame welded to the car surface and slidingly engaging the periphery of the collar to accommodate differential expansion between the collar and car.

Abstract: A process for making metal joining paste, particularly suitable for precision soldering and brazing, which comprises preparing a paste vehicle by mixing together, at an elevated temperature, paste ingredients including solvent, flux and specialized additives, cooling said vehicle, and blending metal powder therewith. Blending preferably is subsequent to cooling, but can be simultaneous with cooling, though without significant exposure of the metal to the vehicle at elevated temperature. Cooling of the vehicle takes place under shock cooling conditions, such as to obtain a fine particle size suspension, and is to a final temperature inhibitive of significant reaction of metal powder with vehicle acidic constituents. The present invention provides increased viscosity control and suspension stability necessary for fine bore automatic dispensing of the paste.

Abstract: Discloses a technique for modifying an epoxy resin by reacting with addition copolymerizable monomer in the presence of at least 3% of benzoyl peroxide at about 110.degree. C. to 120.degree. C., or the free radical initiating equivalent thereof. The reaction mixture obtained contains:(a) unreacted epoxy resin;(b) graft polymer; and(c) associatively formed but ungrafted addition polymer.The graft polymer is formed from the epoxy resin by the grafting of addition polymer onto aliphatic backbone carbons of the epoxy resin, such grafting being at carbons that have either one or two hydrogens bonded thereto in the ungrafted state. The process is useful for making polymer blends for coating compositions, and particularly, coatings for cans for foods and beverages, especially for beer. The coating compositions may be aqueous dispersions ready for spray application, or concentrate that can be made up readily into aqueous sprayable coating compositions. Solvent vehicles may also be used.

Abstract: Improved inorganic pigments, such as pigmentary titanium dioxide, are made by treating such pigments with a treating agent comprising the reaction product of a phosphorylating agent and a polyolefin.

Abstract: A composition comprises about 95-99% selectivey hydrogenated fat containing at least about 98% C.sub.16 -C.sub.18 triglycerides and between about 8% and 30% C.sub.16 fat-forming acid content, a Mettler Dropping Point of between about 104.degree. and 109.degree. F., and a Solids Fat Index profile of 62-68 at 50.degree. F., 49-60 at 70.degree. F., 42-56 at 80.degree. F., 22-34 at 92.degree. F., and 7-18 at 100.degree. F.; and about 1-5% of at least two lipoidal emulsifiers therefor. Such composition preferaby is edible and is more organoleptically acceptable than its conventional counterpart having a lower Mettler Dropping Point.

Abstract: Phosphonium salts are prepared by reacting polydentate phosphines containing two or more trivalent phosphorus atoms with alkyl or aralkyl halides. Treatment of glass surfaces and glass capillary columns with these salts substantially eliminates tailing of peaks and allow the high temperature separation and characterization of polar compounds by gas chromatography at temperatures of 300.degree. C.

Abstract: There is disclosed a low-calorie whippable topping composition which comprises a protein, a stabilizing gum, a sweetener, an emulsifier, and a fat wherein the fat is a high solids fat such as hydrogenated palm kernel oil and the fat and emulsifier are present in relatively low proportions.

Abstract: Although free of CoO, the present spinel ceramic pigments have intensity of black coloration comparable to those using cobalt; they are nickel-rich, selected compositions in the NiO-MnO-CuO-Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 -Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 -Mn.sub.2 O.sub.3 -V.sub.2 O.sub.3 -Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 system, and they can be used with glaze frits containing up to about 10% ZnO.

Abstract: An ungelled composition of matter comprising a compound containing groups reactive with isocyanate, a compound containing groups reactive with mercaptan, and a carbamothioate curing agent adapted to generate a plurality of curing units upon being subjected to heating above about critical temperature. The generated curing units contain isocyanate groups, mercaptan groups, or combinations thereof. In preferred embodiments of this invention, the ungelled composition is adapted for use in powder coatings, anodic electrocoating, and cathodic electrocoating.

Abstract: A particulate slagging composition of glass network formers and fluxing agents therefor serving as a protective layer on the top of a pool of molten steel at the upper end of an open-ended continuous casting mold. Such particulate slagging composition is characterized by the absence of lithium, the inclusion of at least about 1/2 weight percent potassium oxide equivalent, and the flowidity and fusion range upon melting suitable for the continuous casting of a steel.

Abstract: Unconjugated unsaturation of fatty acids or esters thereof are conjugated with sulfided nickel catalysts at elevated temperature and low positive hydrogen pressure.