Abstract: A process for producing leach-resistant consolidate from the slack sludge precipitated from the flocculating of dilute aqueous latex paint waste is shown. It comprises: rapidly heating said slack sludge with agitation to a temperature which at least approaches the boiling point of the water present in said sludge; settling the resulting heated mixture into a consolidate fraction and a serum fraction; and separating said fractions. Such consolidate can be used for landfill, structural units, or dispersed as a component of a paint.

Abstract: An overtemperature protector for an appliance having an electrical heating element, the overtemperature protector being formed basically of just a spring blade positionable to bring a contact on the surface of the blade into circuit-energizing engagement with a fixed contact, and an insulator-capped fusible pin retaining the blade in that position. Excessive heat in the appliance softens the pin, allowing the spring blade force on the insulator cap to shear the pin and interrupt the circuit. The overtemperature protector is preferably incorporated in a thermostatic control, the fixed contact being supported on a lateral extension projecting from one circuit element of the thermostat assembly and the spring blade being supported within the assembly with an insulating spacer separating it from the thermostat element having the lateral extension. The spring blade is preferably sickle-shaped for compactness despite having a long length for low force to minimize effects of creep of the fusible pin.

Abstract: An acoustic transmission member is disclosed for use in an encoding system utilizing acoustic energy wherein diverging sound waves are induced within the member in response to selected actuation of a striker positioned along the member. The time taken by each sound wave to travel through the member is measured in the system to provide an elapsed time interval unique to all strikers for generating a code indicative of the selected input. The acoustic transmission member is a rod formed into a series of coils or helixes with at least one coil length provided and when assembled disposed between adjacent striker positions. The coil configuration defines an expanded path, as compared to the straight linear distance between adjacent strikers, for the sound waves to travel.

Abstract: A low temperature (less than 800.degree. C.) process for chlorinating titaniferous material in a fluidized bed is disclosed. A porous carbon reductant having micropores with a pore diameter of less than 20 A is utilized together with conventional titaniferous materials and conventional chlorine sources to achieve reaction at the present low temperatures.

Abstract: A method for producing an alkyl substituted lactone including the steps of alkylating an unsaturated ketone with a C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl organometallic reagent such as a Grignard reagent or an alkali metal alkyl, to form an unsaturated alcohol, and oxidatively cleaving the unsaturated alcohol to form the lactone, and recovering the lactone.

Abstract: Epoxy resin is reacted with a terminating agent to eliminate at least part of the epoxide groups of the resin and form modified resin. The epoxy resin or such modified resin is also reacted with addition polymerizable monomer at elevated temperature in the presence of at least 3% of benzoyl peroxide based on the weight of such monomer. Generally the latter reaction is done at about 110.degree. C. to about 120.degree. C. These two reactions can be performed in any desired sequence, or simultaneously. The final reaction mixture produced contains:(a) graft polymer;(b) ungrafted, modified resin; and(c) ungrafted addition polymer, formed associativelywith the graft polymer. The invention is useful for making coating compositions. The compositions have good weather resistance and are particularly useful for making sanitary coatings for cans for foods and beverages, especially for beer.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel cyclic terpenoid amines which can be prepared by cyclizing the corresponding acyclic terpenoid amine.

Abstract: A process is provided for producing substituted 2-cyclopentenones represented by the general formula: ##STR1## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, and R.sup.5 are hydrogen or lower aliphatic hydrocarbyl groups. The process comprises treating a nitroalkane with a substituted acrylic acid ester in the presence of a base, followed by saponification, to yield a substituted 4-nitropentanoic acid which acid is then treated with strong acid under dehydrative conditions to yield the subject 2-cyclopentenone.

Abstract: Pump chambers usable in beverage makers, for example, have a liquid-contacting heated surface provided with abrupt discontinuities--e.g. sharp edges or corners--to promote flaking-off of mineral deposits. These edges may be fins of rectangular or triangular cross-section.

Abstract: Improved conversions of primary allylic and benzylic alcohols are obtained in an Oppenauer oxidation process, under Oppenauer oxidation conditions, by carrying out the oxidation employing furfural as the hydrogen acceptor. Primary alcohols to which the present invention relates are allylic alcohols substituted in at least the 2-position with a hydrocarbon radical and benzylic alcohols.

Abstract: A process for producing (+)-cis-homocaronic acid from 2-caren-4-ol, 2-caren-4-one, 3-caren-2-ol, or mixtures thereof is disclosed. The reactants are ozonized, the ozonides produced are treated with an oxidizing agent, and the (+)-cis-homocaronic acid is recovered. The oxidizing agent can be hydrogen peroxide in either a basic or an acid medium.

Abstract: Cis- and trans-limonene oxides can be separated effectively one from the other by either fractional distillation or by substantially selectively rearranging with acid catalysis at mild temperature said cis-isomer into trans-dihydrocarvone. The distillatively-separated limonene oxide isomers or the remaining unreacted trans-limonene oxide isomer then is available for discrete conversion into a corresponding dihydrocarvone isomer with minimal equilibration by further acid-catalyzed rearranging at mild temperature.

Abstract: A four-step process for producing (-)-dihydrochrysanthemolactone from 2-caren-4-one is disclosed. The four steps in order are methylating 2-caren-4-one, oxidizing, methylating the tautomeric mixture resulting from the oxidation, and finally lactonizing the single hydroxy acid resulting from the second methylation. Additionally, three novel intermediate compounds that are produced by the steps in the process are disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the coupling of a Grignard reagent RMgX with an allylic halide in the presence of a dipolar aprotic solvent wherein the improvement, for obtaining improved yield and selectivity, comprises adding a catalyst to said Grignard or allylic halide and then carrying out the coupling reaction by the addition on the Grignard reagent to the allylic halide, said reaction being characterized by the displacement at the gamma position (relative to the halide) of the allylic halide with R of the Grignard reagent, migration of the allylic double bond in the direction of the halogen atom and loss of halogen. The present invention also resides in the discovery of certain novel procedures for the synthesis of Vitamin E. Specific embodiments of this aspect of the invention reside in the syntheses of 6,7-dehydrophytol, 10,11-dihydrofarnesene, phytone, hexahydropseudoionone, and related compounds as precursors for Vitamin E.

Abstract: An apparatus for a wheeled vehicle for slashing pine trees to enhance the production by natural means of terpenoid materials, and comprising a tree slashing device pivotally mounted at the end of an arm extending from the vehicle, and irritant applicator also carried on said tree slashing device for applying an irritant material to the freshly slashed wound in the stem of the tree.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the coupling of a Grignard reagent RMgX with an allylic halide in the presence of a dipolar aprotic solvent wherein the improvement, for obtaining improved yield and selectivity, comprises adding a catalyst to said Grignard or allylic halide and then carrying out the coupling reaction by the addition of the Grignard reagent to the allylic halide, said reaction being characterized by the displacement at the gamma position (relative to the halide) of the allylic halide with R of the Grignard reagent, migration of the allylic double bond in the direction of the halogen atom and loss of halogen. The present invention also resides in the discovery of certain novel procedures for the synthesis of Vitamin E. Specific embodiments of this aspect of the invention reside in the syntheses of 6,7-dehydrophytol, 10,11-dihydrofarnesene, phytone, hexahydropseudoionone, and related compounds as precursors for Vitamin E.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the coupling of a Grignard reagent RMgX with an allylic halide in the presence of a dipolar aprotic solvent wherein the improvement, for obtaining improved yield and selectivity, comprises adding a catalyst to said Grignard or allylic halide and then carrying out the coupling reaction by the addition of the Grignard reagent to the allylic halide, said reaction being characterized by the displacement at the gamma position (relative to the halide) of the allylic halide with R of the Grignard reagent, migration of the allylic double bond in the direction of the halogen atom and loss of halogen. The present invention also resides in the discovery of certain novel procedures for the synthesis of Vitamin E. Specific embodiments of this aspect of the invention reside in the syntheses of 6,7-dehydrophytol, 10,11-dihydrofarnesene, phytone, hexahydropseudoionone, and related compounds as precursors for Vitamin E.