Abstract: A polymer electrode having a thickness which is distributed among several superimposed thin film layers exhibits significantly higher area-specific capacity and current-carrying capacity. This layered arrangement is even more favorable when the thin layers are perforated. These measures are especially effective when the secondary element is operated with high currents.

Abstract: A device, configured as a double mold, for casting terminal bars (straps) and terminal poles onto the lugs of a completely assembled plate group for electric storage batteries ensures optimum attachment of all of the lugs (both polarities) to the molten bar lead if the heat exchange between the bar lead and the dipped volume of each negative or positive lug is identical. This requirement is met by causing the negative and positive casting molds, together with their contents, to form thermally equivalent sections or blocks, which are equalized if necessary, by changing the dimensions (thickness) of the mold's walls. When the lugs are made of lead or a lead alloy, such a double mold also makes it possible, during a subsequent two-stage cooling process, to first allow the terminal poles to solidify, simultaneously, and to then allow the terminal bars to solidify, simultaneously.

Abstract: A plastic sealing member for sealing the housing cup of a round-type galvanic cell, and which is provided with a predetermined breaking point (bursting membrane or score) to prevent explosion of the cell during improper use, is covered on the surface which faces the inside of the cell with a pore-free film of bitumen, a synthetic resin, an adhesive, or a lacquer, at least over the predetermined breaking point and its immediate vicinity, to inhibit stress corrosion cracking which propagates under high mechanical stress and under the effect of the alkaline electrolyte, without reducing the intended bursting pressure.

Abstract: The cell poles of an electric battery, which have already been cast on a fully assembled plate group which is fixed in proper position for mounting in a holding box, are provided with a plastic coating using a dual injection mold which matches the predetermined distance between the poles. After the two mold halves are closed over the poles, a plastic melt is injected into cavities corresponding to the poles, which plastic is at the same time prevented from escaping from the mold by a gasket at the base of each cell pole, and a movable slide at the forwardmost end of each cell pole.

Abstract: In connection with a metal oxide electrode in an alkaline electrolyte system, especially for a brownstone electrode, the presence of cobalt as a thin film or as an alloying consitituent at the surface of the positive current drain wire, which is preferably a nickel-plated steel cup or a deep-drawing steel plate, leads to a reduction of the contact resistance between the current drain wire and the MnO.sub.2. To apply the cobalt, the current drain wire is preferably polarized in an aqueous CoSO.sub.4 solution. The cobalt film, which is formed in a thickness of less than 1 micron (depending on the Co ion concentration and the selected current conditions), imparts resistance properties to the transition between the MnO.sub.2 and the nickel-plated current drain wire even after prolonged storage, which can otherwise only be achieved with gold-plated current drain wires.

Abstract: In the electropolymerization of monomers, especially pyrrole, thiophene or furan, conducting polymer films with high surface-specific capacity and favorable kinetics can be deposited for use as electrode materials in galvanic storage batteries, despite their relatively large film thickness, by impressing the selected deposition primary current i.sub.1 with at least one short current impulse having a magnitude i.sub.2 which is several times that of the primary current. This current impulse also sharply increases the deposition potential .eta..sub.1 corresponding to the primary current i.sub.1.

Abstract: A casting mold for manufacturing grid plates for lead batteries makes use of easily interchangeable mold inserts for each half of a two-part, external metallic mold holder. The mold inserts are made of a highly porous microfiber nonwoven material, and render unnecessary the conventional cork-flour coating of casting molds due to good thermal insulating properties, high permeability to air and non-wettability by lead. The casting mold inserts are manufactured in a process which involves fixing of the nonwoven material with a curable binder either during or after shaping of the negative for the grid plate, so that the resulting parts assume a cardboard-like consistency.

Abstract: A positive electrode for alkaline storage cells is disclosed. The active material for the positive electrode is a double hydroxide of the formula[M.sup.2+.sub.(1-x) Fe.sup.3+.sub.x (OH).sub.2 ].sup.x+ [(x/n)X.sup.n-..sub.y H.sub.2 O].sup.x-wherein x is in the range 0.05.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.0.4, M.sup.2+ is an oxidizable and reducible, and X.sup.n- is at least one anion. The double hydroxide has a pyroaurite-like double layer structure and is electrochemically resistant to iron poisoning. In a preferred embodiment, the double hydroxide comprises [Ni.sub.4 Fe(OH).sub.10 ].sup.+ [NO.sub.3.sup.-.yH.sub.2 O].sup.-. Methods for preparing positive electrodes having the double hydroxide active material are also disclosed.

Abstract: The cell of a gas-tight alkaline battery is balanced by subdividing the negative excess capacity into the necessary charge and discharge reserves by individually treating the two electrode polarities prior to their assembly, while avoiding open cell forming. When combining a charged, dried, positive sintered electrode which is suitable for storage with a negative electro-deposited electrode, the latter inherently receives a charge reserve due to partial chemical oxidation with H.sub.2 O.sub.2 l or K.sub.2 S.sub.2 O.sub.8. When a discharged, but preformed positive sintered electrode is combined with a negative sintered electrode, the latter is electrochemically partially charged to the extent necessary to achieve the desired discharge reserve, and thereafter preserved by immersion in a solution containing sulfuric acid, and possibly CdSO.sub.4.

Abstract: The accumulations of molten lead which correspond to the lugs and frames of molded starter battery plates can be caused to solidify at the same rate as the much thinner grids of the plates by providing a mold having inserts made from a material whose thermal conductivity is higher than that of the base material of the mold in the regions of the mold which are used to form the lugs and frames, provided these inserts are disposed as close as possible to a system of cooling channels. The ratio of the thermal conductivity of the material from which the inserts are made to the thermal conductivity of the base material of the mold should approximate the ratio of the material accumulations on the lugs and frames to that on the rest of the grid.

Abstract: A mold for producing connecting straps for lead batteries, particularly according to a cast-on-strap (COS) process or the like, is especially adapted for the simultaneous casting-in of a pole insert, and has wall thicknesses which vary inversely to changes in the thickness of the connecting strap. Heat transition adjusted to the local accumulation of material on the casting is thus achieved, and the development of unequal temperature conditions during the entire casting process is avoided.

Abstract: A carrying device for a storage battery is disclosed. In one embodiment, the carrying device comprises two retractable handles attached to the storage battery and guidance members associated with said handles for guiding the movement of the handles. Each of the handles has a crosspiece and arms extending along the sides of the storage battery. The arms contain elongated slits which receive the guidance members and thereby ensure accurate guidance of the handles.

Abstract: A positive electrode for alkaline storage cells is disclosed. The active material for the positive electrode is a double hydroxide of the formula[M.sup.2+.sub.(1-x) Fe.sup.3+.sub.x (OH).sub.2 ].sup.x+ [(x/n)X.sup.n-..sub.y H.sub.2 O].sup.x-wherein x is in the range 0.05.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.0.4, M.sup.2+ is an oxidizable and reducible, and X.sup.n- is at least one anion. The double hydroxide has a pyroaurite-like double layer structure and is electrochemically resistant to iron poisoning. In a preferred embodiment, the double hydroxide comprises [Ni.sub.4 Fe(OH).sub.10 ].sup.30 [NO.sub.3.sup.-.yH.sub.2 O].sup.31 . Methods for preparing positive electrodes having the double hydroxide active material are also disclosed.

Abstract: In a multicell electric storage battery designed for central gas release, before being released into the open air the battery gases pass through a container positioned on the block casing in which the acid particles and moisture are separated from the gases as a consequence of the gases being repeatedly deflected by a series of walls placed in the path of the gases, which may be perforated if desired, and the dehumidified gases are then passed through a porous flame-protection frit. Flashback of a flame caused by external ignition of the gases is prevented by rapid burn-off of the gases in a flame extinguishing chamber preceding the frit.

Abstract: A cover which is to be sealed tightly to the corresponding plastic container of a battery cell by means of radiant heating is provided with a series of molded knobs along the lower side of its edge, which knobs serve as spacers between the cover and the edge of the container during the heat-up phase so that the surfaces to be bonded are exposed to the radiant heat without obstruction. The softened knobs are plasticized and bonded when the container and the cover are subsequently pressed together.

Abstract: A primary element of the round-cell type is effectively protected from desiccation by a sealing washer made of a flexible foamed plastic (preferably foamed PVC), placed above the depolarization electrode and clamped between the positive cap and the zinc can of the cell. An additional adhesive beading is provided on the carbon rod of the cell to prevent the passage of electrolyte through the central opening in the sealing washer which receives the carbon rod.

Abstract: In a hermetically sealed cell, the housing is formed by two metal cylinders which are each closed at one end and which are pushed over one another to obtain a press-fit such that, with the interposition of an intermediate insulating layer made from a plastic material, the cylinder which forms the lid of the cell can be pushed off from the cylinder which forms the can of the cell only in response to a predetermined internal pressure. High internal pressures which are lower than the bursting pressure for the cell, generated by the excessive release of gases or vapors, are permitted to escape through vent holes, if necessary, which become exposed in increasing number after being uncovered during separation of the lid from the cup.

Abstract: The electrode stacks, formed of zig-zag packages of strip electrodes with interposed separator, are inserted through side openings into the cells, and the block casing is closed by welding on a side wall.

Abstract: A one-piece galvanic solid element can be produced by directly polymerizing acetylene onto the surfaces of a disc-shaped ceramic solid electrolyte, using Ziegler-Natta catalysts. Starting from the polyacetylene layers so formed, negative electrode polarity is imparted to one layer and positive electrode polarity to the other layer, through immersion of the element in a suitable doping solution (e.g. NaPF.sub.6 in CH.sub.2 Cl.sub.2) and electrochemical polarization. As electrolyte material there can be used .beta.-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, and mixed crystal compounds such as Na.sub.3 Zr.sub.2 Si.sub.2 PO.sub.12, which are Na-ion conductive, or Li-ion conductive Li.sub.3 N. Replacement of the negative polyacetylene electrode with Li or Na is possible.

Abstract: In an air/oxygen button cell the multilayer air electrode is reliably held in place between an inwardly extending rib which is formed in the bottom of the cathode cup and a sealing base which is associated with the cup forming the negative electrode. The sealing base acts like a domed spring under tension because of a sloping portion provided in its bottom in the region above the rib. The air electrode remains flat and is secure against lateral displacements.