Abstract: An electrically-actuated liquid spraying system for controlling the volumetric flow through pressure-atomization spray nozzles is disclosed. Each nozzle is attached to a direct acting, in-line solenoid valve which is connected to a liquid supply at constant pressure. The valve is excited by square wave pulses of variable frequency and duty cycle to reciprocate between its fully open and closed positions and thereby control the flowrate over a range without changing droplet size and spray pattern. The frequency and duty cycle of the square wave pulses are varied and controlled by feedback data of relative target movement, size, shape and other factors as well as by gated sampling of the dynamic pressure in a region between the valve seat and nozzle orifice.

Abstract: A process for preimpregnating reinforcing elements with a liquid substance includes the following series of steps or stages: placing the reinforcing elements in a sealable enclosure, applying a vacuum of sufficient intensity and duration to the enclosure to eliminate at least the majority of water and gas present in the reinforcing elements contained therein and introducing sufficient liquid substance into the enclosure for the substance to cover the elements once the elements have been impregnated. The device for carrying out this process includes an enclosure for containing the elements, means for applying a vacuum to the enclosure for removing at least the majority of the water and gas present in the reinforcing elements and an orifice or conduit for introducing the liquid substance into the enclosure.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the manufacture of impermeable, flexible, elastical bands having a smooth inner surface and consisting of a plastic fabric, including spiral bands and mats of threads, which bands are especially suited for use in connection with an extended nip of wet presses of paper making machines. These bands are used as press bands or press coates and are manufactured by applying a mixture of a prepolymer, especially polyurethane, in a flowable consistence to an endless fabric band and joining that mixture thereto, which band is transported over a reverting roll device and is coated by means of at least one nozzle on its outer surface with the flowable prepolymer mixture.

Abstract: A coating applicator is provided for depositing a film on a surface of glass or other substrates by chemical-vapor deposition. The applicator includes a pair of opposing coating nozzles for applying a vaporized coating-chemical reactant in a carrier gas to the surface at such a concentration and velocity that coating of the surface is achieved under substantially reaction-rate-controlled conditions. Each coating nozzle is positioned adjacent the surface with a small clearance therebetween, the clearance being open to the outside atmospehre. The opposing coating nozzles are directed toward each other at a selected angle with respect to the surface of the substrate. The angle and the clearance provide a condition where there is substantially no intermixing of coating vapors with the outside atmosphere.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for controlling the operation of a plurality of nozzles for spraying a liquid substance on a product. The nozzles have different flow volumes and are located adjacent the product. A sensor measures the quantity of the product, and a control responsive to the sensor opens selected nozzles to produce a desired ratio of the quantity of the substance to the quantity of the product. There is further provided another sensor for measuring the quantity of the substance, the control being responsive to the two sensors and operative to determine the actual ratio of the quantity of the substance to the quantity of the product and to adjust the actual ratio to match the desired ratio.

Abstract: A process forming an organic coating, such as an autodeposited coating, on a plurality of small metallic articles by contacting the articles with a liquid coating composition containing an organic film-forming material comprising:(A) providing a plurality of said articles, with at least some of the articles being in contact with at least one other of said articles;(B) immersing the articles into a bath of said composition under conditions such that said articles are not in conttact with another article in said composition;(C) maintaining said articles in separated form in said composition for a period of time sufficiently long for the entirety of the surfaces of said articles to be coated with said composition; and(D) collecting the coated articles in the bath in a form in which at least some of the coated articles are in contact with another of said coated articles;wherein the coating composition is capable of forming on a steel panel immersed therein a coating having a wet strength such that its rinse resis

Abstract: Apparatus for curtain coating a web or article includes a coating hopper, a support roller, guide rollers for leading the web to and from the support roller and an enclosure. Air which has been conditioned in respect of temperature, humidity and cleanliness is introduced into an upper region of the enclosure. Air flow controlling means are provided below the region into which the conditioned air is introduced. The flow controlling means serve to control the flow of air downwards so that it is uniform across a horizontal plane within the enclosure and has a speed of about 10 feed per minute in the region of the coating liquids in the curtain, that being a speed which will not cause disturbing effects on the liquids in the curtain. The enclosure prevents random air currents of uncontrolled velocity, temperature and cleanliness impinging on the liquids in the curtain and on the slide, which might otherwise adversely affect the product coating.

Abstract: An apparatus for coating molds to make hard gelatin capsules has a dish for holding a bath of liquid gelatin. A multi-well tray is submerged in the bath to establish a plurality of fluid passageways through the bath and to create a pool of liquid gelatin in each of the wells. A drive unit, having a pair of counterrotating gears, moves gelatin through the passageways and pools to maintain a substantially uniform gelatin temperature throughout the bath. Capsule molds are periodically submerged into the pools and then withdrawn to manufacture the hard gelatin capsules.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for applying coating liquid to a web of paper traveling over a web supporting surface at speeds of 3,000, 4,000 and more feet per minute to produce a coated web free of streaking and other imperfections comprises apparatus for and the sequential steps of distributing coating liquid in a turbulent state over the supported web through a limited application zone within a very short dwell time of the turbulent liquid on the web; subjecting the coating liquid on the supported web to an initial doctoring by means of a primary doctor blade biased under pressure against the coated web at the rear edge of the application zone to form on the web downstream from the zone a relatively quiescent layer of coating liquid having a wet film thickness sufficiently in excess of the final wet film thickness to accommodate a subsequent final wet film doctoring of the coating liquid on the web; and, a a location downstream and isolated from the application zone, subjecting the relatively quiescent layer o

Abstract: A coating method is disclosed, wherein a substrate is coated with a paint discharged through an aperture in the form of not a spray but a continuous string. The coating method is suitably applied to a process for producing a photosensitive member for electrophotography, wherein a paint for providing the photosensitive member, such as the one for providing a photosensitive layer or intermediate layer, is discharged onto a rotating cylindrical substrate to be wound thereabout preferably like a thread on a spool, followed by leveling to form a coating film.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of painting an object by reciprocating a plurality of painting machines perpendicularly to the direction in which the object is conveyed on a production line. The delivery of paint from the painting machines is cut off at each turn of the orbits drawn by the adjacent ones of the reciprocating painting machines which create overlapping orbits. The starting points and the ending points of the cutoff for the adjacent machines are placed on the same straight line on the object.

Abstract: A method of forming a deposit in which a spray of gas atomized molten metal or metal alloy is generated and directed at a substrate. The substrate is rotated aobut an axis of rotation and a controlled amount of heat is extracted from the molten metal or metal alloy in flight and/or on deposition. The spray is oscillated relative to the substrate, preferably along the axis of the substrate. With continuous production techniques involving a single pass, base porosity can be considerably reduced and in the formation of thicker deposit of discrete length base porosity can be minimized and reciprocation lines can be eliminated or reduced in intensity.

Abstract: A uniform and dense (non-porous) thin film of metal sulfide with excellent electric characteristics can be prepared by making into a fine mist an organic compound alone or dissolved in a solvent the organic compound containing at least one metal-sulfur bond in the structure thereof, and spraying the organic compound on a heated substrate.

Abstract: A liquid coatings application process and apparatus is provided in which supercritical fluids, such as supercritical carbon dioxide fluid, are used to reduce to application consistency viscous coatings compositions to allow for their application as liquid sprays. The coatings compositions are sprayed by passing the composition under pressure through an orifice into the environment of the substrate.

Abstract: A coating method utilizing an extrusion type coating apparatus having a back edge surface and a doctor edge surface for continuous extrusion of a coating fluid from a slot formed between the back edge surface and the doctor edge surface for applying the coating fluid onto a surface of a flexible support running continuously over both the back edge surface and the doctor edge surface. The doctor edge surface is located on a downstream side of the running of the support is so as to form a single inclined planar surface or a curved surface with a single curvature, so that when a point A represents a downstream end of the doctor edge and a point B represents a slot-top portion of the back edge surface, a line AB connecting the points A and B is achieved so that the doctor edge surface does not intersect. .theta..sub.1 represents an angle between a tangent to the back edge surface at the point B and the line AB, and .theta..sub.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for spraying liquid coating material containing supercritical fluid or liquified gas as a diluent comprises a spray gun having internal passages which transmit the liquid coating material under high pressure from an inlet to a nozzle at the tip of the gun and then to an outlet so that the liquid coating material can be continuously recirculated. A relatively short flow discharge path is formed between the internal passages in the spray gun and the nozzle to avoid the formation of an area of ambient or reduced pressure so that the supercritical fluid or liquified gas is substantially maintained in solution in the liquid coating until it is discharged from the gun. A pressure regulator is provided to maintain a substantially constant pressure drop across the inlet and outlet of the gun to induce flow of liquid coating material through the gun, and to permit several guns to be connected in series without creating a substantial pressure drop therebetween.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling the cross-directional smoothness profile of the surface of a calenderable material substantially independently of the materials's caliper profile. A plurality of adjustable nozzles selectively direct jets of steam of selected velocities against sections of the material across the material's width and in counterflow to its movement, immediately before the material enters the last nip of a calender stack. Built-in steam control valves are provided to control the amount of steam applied to each section. Suction means may also be provided upstream of the nozzles, with reference to the movement of the calenderable material, to remove excess steam and thus prevent undesirable condensation on adjacent structures. The smoothness profile may be monitored and compared to a desired smoothness profile and the valves and nozzles may be adjusted accordingly.

Abstract: A novel catch pan is disclosed for use in apparatus for coating of a support or moving web using curtain coating method and apparatus. The catch pan is used during start-up and shut-down. In use the catch pan is positioned between first and second edge guides and in close proximity to a support. The catch pan includes a main catch pan surface and first and second opposing sides each having a resilient, flexible shim projecting out along the upper edge thereof and into contact with the first and second edge guides, respectively. Each shim strips liquids from the adjacent edge guide, and then directs such liquids onto the catch pan surface during start-up and shut-down without the deposition of excess liquids on the support, web, or coating roller. Means are provided for retracting the catch pan and controlling the falling curtain during start-up, and for inserting the catch pan for intercepting the falling curtain during shut-down.

Abstract: A hot-melt sizing agent with melting point 50.degree.-100.degree. C. is attached to warps inside a heated chamber at a temperature of 150.degree. or below and at viscosity of 100 centipoise or below and the warps are thereafter bent inside the chamber by means of three or more free rollers. The hot-melt sizing agent contains 70 wt % or more of ester wax of one or more specified kinds and 30 wt % or less of hydrocarbon wax.

Abstract: The invention concerns a blade coater and a method for coating a web backed by a rotatable backing roll. The blade coater unit includes a support structure, a feeder mounted to the support structure and capable of feeding the coating mix onto the web when brought close to the web in running conditions, and a smoothing device arranged to the immediate vicinity of the web for the application of the fed coating mix. The blade coater unit is essentially placed below the backing roll, the smoothing device is a flexible blade having a tip inclination angle .alpha. less than 20.degree., and the feeder has a narrow exit opening arranged to the stem of the flexible blade without any essential steps in order to facilitate a fast, laminar flow of the coating mix. The approach in accordance with the invention achieves a coat of high quality.