Abstract: To protect observer's eyes while forming a clear illumination pattern on a desired region to be illuminated. An illumination device includes a light source that emits coherent light, a collimating optical system that enlarges and collimates a beam diameter of the coherent light emitted from the light source, and a diffractive optical element that diffracts the coherent light collimated by the collimating optical system into a predetermined diffusion angle space. The diffractive optical element has a plurality of element diffractive optical portions and has a function to illuminate the region to be illuminated defined at a predetermined position and having predetermined size and shape to form the desired illumination pattern. Each of the plurality of element diffractive optical portions has a function to illuminate at least a part of the region to be illuminated, and diffractive characteristics of the element diffractive optical portions are different from each other.

Abstract: A quantitative phase microscopy (QPM) system and methods are provided for sample imaging and metrology in both transmissive and reflective modes. The QPM system includes a first illuminating beam propagating along a transmission-mode path and a second illuminating beam propagating along a reflection-mode path, a microscope objective lens disposed in the reflection-mode path, and a common-path interferometer comprising a diffraction grating, a Fourier lens, a pinhole, and a 2f system lens to collimate the reference beam and the imaging beam such that the collimated reference beam and imaging beam interfere with each other to form an interferogram at a final image plane.

Abstract: A system for illuminating a microscopy specimen includes an illumination source configured to emit a light that travels along an illumination path to illuminate the microscopy specimen placed on an optical detection path of an optical microscope. The system also includes optical elements in the illumination path and configured to at least in part transform the light from the illumination source into a light sheet illuminating the microscopy specimen. The optical elements include an electronically tunable lens configured to vary a focal distance of the electronically tunable lens to dynamically vary a position of a waist of the light sheet illuminating the microscopy specimen. The optical elements include a deflector configured to vertically move the light sheet to illuminate the microscopy specimen at different horizontal planes.

Abstract: A method for supporting a user aiming at an object with a telescope includes determining and storing a first object position of the object relative to the telescope when a user aims at the object with the telescope and the telescope is located at a first telescope position, and supporting a user when aiming at the object again with the same telescope based on the stored first object position relative to the telescope.

Abstract: A structural color developing member includes: a base material including a surface, at least a portion of which is provided with a fine ridged/grooved structure formed at a constant arrangement pitch, the base material developing a structural color by the fine ridged/grooved structure; and a color developing layer layered on a surface of the fine ridged/grooved structure. The color development from the color developing layer is a hue included in color development of the structural color, and a region of the structural color developing member in which the fine ridged/grooved structure and the color developing layer are provided is visually recognizable in a single hue. Instead of the color developing layer, a polarized reflection layer may be provided.

Abstract: A tool for applying a protective film to a lens of a light detection and ranging (LIDAR) sensor is disclosed. The tool includes at least one cover, a film spindle, a film roller, and a pivot bar. The at least one cover has an elongated shape with a first end and a second end opposite of the first end. The film spindle is mounted to the at least one cover adjacent to the second end thereof. The film spindle is configured to hold a roll of the protective film. The film roller is mounted to the at least one cover adjacent to the first end thereof. The film roller is configured to apply the protective film onto the lens. The pivot bar has a first end configured to be pivotally attached to the LIDAR sensor and a second end pivotally attached to the at least one cover.

Abstract: A method of reconstructing a three-dimensional (3-D) image on the basis of a diffraction grating includes extracting parallax images from a raw image of an object photographed by using a diffraction grating and reconstructing a 3-D image from the extracted parallax image array by using a virtual pinhole model.

Abstract: An objective optical system (43) includes: a reflection surface (RS1) which reflects light traveling toward a sample (SP); a reflection surface (RS2) which reflects light reflected by the reflection surface (RS1) toward the sample (SP); and a transmission portion (TS) which is disposed on an optical path of light reflected by the reflection surface (RS2), which has a liquid contact surface coming into contact with liquid (WT) interposed between the liquid contact surface and the sample (SP), and of which the liquid contact surface is formed to be substantially orthogonal to the optical path of light reflected by the reflection surface (RS2).

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a method for analyzing an imaging quality of an imaging system. The imaging system comprises a spatial light modulator. The spatial light modulator comprises pixel units arranged in an array. The method comprises obtaining a transmittance distribution function of the spatial light modulator based on a structural parameter of the pixel unit, wherein the structural parameter is an aperture ratio. The imaging quality analysis parameter of the imaging system is obtained based on the transmittance distribution function of the spatial light modulator. Then, the imaging quality of the imaging system is analyzed based on the imaging quality analysis parameter.

Abstract: An erecting system and a binocular telescope for laser ranging. The erecting system includes a roof half penta prism, a beam splitting prism and an isosceles prism. The beam splitting prism is positioned between the roof half penta prism and the isosceles prism. The beam splitting prism is formed by bonding two right-angle prisms. A beam splitting film is arranged on a bonding surface of the two right-angle prisms. The erecting system not only has simple structure and small occupation volume, but also is convenient in use, can realize the binocular observation and targeting at a measured object, and can display the distance of the measured object in real time in the field of view while observing the object.

Abstract: An electronic device may have a housing surrounding an interior in which electrical components are mounted. A display may be mounted to housing structures in the device. The housing may have a rear wall. The display cover layer and rear wall of the housing may be formed from transparent glass layers. Coatings may be formed on inwardly facing surfaces of the transparent glass layers. A coating on a transparent glass layer may be formed from a thin-film interference filter having a stack of dielectric layers. The coating may include an ink layer on the thin-film interference filter. The transparent glass layers may have one or more textured surfaces that allow light at high angles to enter the transparent layers and reflect off the coatings at high angles, thereby adjusting optical properties of the coatings.

Abstract: A system for photonic computing, preferably including an input module, computation module, and/or control module, wherein the computation module preferably includes one or more filter banks and/or detectors. A photonic filter bank system, preferably including two waveguides and a plurality of optical filters optically coupled to one or more of the waveguides. A method for photonic computing, preferably including controlling a computation module, controlling an input module, and/or receiving outputs from the computation module.

Abstract: Embodiments herein provide systems and methods for forming an optical component. A method may include providing a plurality of proximity masks between a plasma source and a workpiece, the workpiece including a plurality of substrates secured thereto. Each of the plurality of substrates may include first and second target areas. The method may further include delivering, from the plasma source, an angled ion beam towards the workpiece, wherein the angled ion beam is then received at one of the plurality of masks. A first proximity mask may include a first set of openings permitting the angled ion beam to pass therethrough to just the first target area of each of the plurality of substrates. A second proximity mask may include a second set of openings permitting the angled ion beam to pass therethrough just to the second target area of each of the plurality of substrates.

Abstract: A zoom lens includes a first lens group having negative refractive power; a second lens group having positive refractive power; a third lens group having negative refractive power and a fourth lens group having positive refractive power. Upon varying magnification, distances between the first lens group and the second lens group, between the second lens group and the third lens group and between the third lens group and the fourth lens group vary. The second lens group includes a front lens group, an aperture stop, and a rear lens group. Each of the front lens group and the rear lens group includes at least one positive lens. At least a part of the lenses in the second lens group is moved as a group to have a component in a direction perpendicular to an optical axis.

Abstract: A focusing device includes a substrate and a plurality of scatterers provided at both sides of the substrate. The scatterers on the both sides of the focusing device may correct geometric aberration, and thus, a field of view (FOV) of the focusing device may be widened.

Abstract: A method for operating a point laser-scanning microscope includes scanning a sample with a focused illumination laser beam; recording a plurality of images by detecting elements being configurable to an intensity mode, in which the recorded images are intensity images gi,j(n) related to photons collected during an entire dwell time of the illumination beam on an individual position n, or to a time-resolved mode, in which the recorded images are time-resolved images gi,jt(n, t), the collected photons being discriminated based on their arrival times to individual detecting elements; calculating a fingerprint image a by summing the plurality of intensity images gi,j(n) over all positions n; estimating shift matrices sx and sy from the intensity images gi,j(n); reconstructing at least one of a time-resolved object function ft and an intensity object function f; and visualizing at least one of a high-resolution time-resolved image ft˜ and a high-resolution intensity image f˜.

Abstract: A microscope includes an optical imaging system with an adjustable corrector, a microscope drive, a position sensitive detector, an optical measuring system and a control unit. The optical measuring system configured to form first and second measuring light beams, direct the measuring light beams into an entrance pupil of the optical imaging system eccentrically with first and second distances to the optical axis thereof, receive first and second reflection light beams, and direct the reflection light beams onto the position sensitive detector. The control unit is configured to record positions of the reflection light beams on the position sensitive detector, and determine an aberration based on the recorded positions.

Abstract: A microscope including an illumination assembly, an image capture device and a processor can be configured to selectively identify regions of a sample including artifacts or empty space. By selectively identifying regions of the sample that have artifacts or empty space, the amount of time to generate an image of the sample and resources used to generate the image can be decreased substantially while providing high resolution for appropriate regions of the computational image. The processor can be configured to change the imaging process in response to regions of the sample that includes artifacts or empty space. The imaging process may include a higher resolution process to output higher resolution portions of the computational image for sample regions including valid sample material, and a lower resolution process to output lower resolution portions of the computational image for sample regions including valid sample material.

Abstract: An index grating of an optical encoder provided by the invention has a main technical feature of increasing a ratio of light-transmissible area of a grating per unit area, thereby increasing a light source utilization efficiency and a signal intensity, and reducing light-blocking ratio caused by dust and other foreign matters, thereby reducing a degree of influence on light intensity, so as to improve a sensing precision of the optical encoder.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a coherent detection array and methods of multiplexing for signal readout of the coherent detection array. The coherent detection array may be implemented on a photonic integrated circuit (PIC). It may comprise a plurality of coherent detection units coupling with connecting waveguides and electrical conducting paths, wherein the electrical conducting paths may manifest as readout channels for multiplexing electrical signals. The detection units may be configured to include free-space-to-waveguide couplers, optical couplers, and photodetectors. The coherent detection array enables multiplexing methods that may leverage extra degrees of freedom of the coherent detection array. These methods may include those enabled by the local oscillator and those related to the properties and responses of the components of the PIC-based detection array.