Abstract: An index grating of an optical encoder provided by the invention has a main technical feature of increasing a ratio of light-transmissible area of a grating per unit area, thereby increasing a light source utilization efficiency and a signal intensity, and reducing light-blocking ratio caused by dust and other foreign matters, thereby reducing a degree of influence on light intensity, so as to improve a sensing precision of the optical encoder.

Abstract: Optical grating components and methods of forming are provided. In some embodiments, a method includes providing an optically transparent substrate, and forming an optical grating layer on the substrate. The method includes forming an optical grating in the optical grating layer, wherein the optical grating comprises a plurality of angled components, disposed at a non-zero angle of inclination with respect to a perpendicular to a plane of the substrate. A first sidewall of the optical grating may have a first angle, and a second sidewall of the grating has a second angle different than the first angle. Modifying process parameters, including selectivity and beam angle spread, has an effect of changing a shape or dimension of the plurality of angled components.

Abstract: A lens driving device, a camera module and a camera mounting device are provided, which are capable of ensuring a high reliability, improving the OIS sensitivity, and simplifying the assembly operation. The lens driving device includes an auto-focusing driving part and a shake-correcting driving part utilizing a voice coil motor. A shake-correcting magnet part of the shake-correcting driving part is comprised of two shake-correcting magnets disposed on two orthogonal sides of four sides that define a rectangle in a plane perpendicular to the light axis direction. An auto-focusing magnet part of the auto-focusing driving part is comprised of at least one of the shake-correcting magnets. An auto-focusing supporting part of the auto-focusing driving part is fixed on at least one side of the rectangle where the auto-focusing magnet part is not disposed, and elastically supports an auto-focusing movable part with respect to an auto-focusing fixing part in a cantilever fashion.

Abstract: A method of computing a hologram by determining the wavefronts at the approximate observer eye position that would be generated by a real version of an object to be reconstructed. In normal computer generated holograms, one determines the wavefronts needed to reconstruct an object; this is not done directly in the present invention. Instead, one determines the wavefronts at an observer window that would be generated by a real object located at the same position of the reconstructed object. One can then back-transforms these wavefronts to the hologram to determine how the hologram needs to be encoded to generate these wavefronts. A suitably encoded hologram can then generate a reconstruction of the three-dimensional scene that can be observed by placing one's eyes at the plane of the observer window and looking through the observer window.

Abstract: An optical system of a stereo-video endoscope with a sideways viewing direction, the optical system including: a sideways-viewing distal optical assembly; and a proximal optical assembly; wherein the distal optical assembly includes an inlet lens, a deflecting unit configured as a prism unit, and an outlet lens on a common optical axis one after the other in the direction of light incidence, the proximal optical assembly includes a left and a right lens system channel, the lens system channels being identically configured and arranged parallel to each other, each lens system channel having its own optical axis, and the outlet lens is formed with one or more of a light-impermeable coating on a light inlet side facing the deflecting unit and with a light-impermeable coating formed on a light outlet side facing away from the deflecting unit in a central region of the outlet lens.

Abstract: A long polarizer that can achieve the multi-functionalization and high-functionalization of an electronic device, such as an image display apparatus, that shows no variation in quality when provided as a final product, and that is excellent in yield in its production. A polarizer according to an embodiment includes a long resin film containing a dichromatic substance, the polarizer having non-polarization portions arranged in a lengthwise direction and/or a widthwise direction at predetermined intervals, the non-polarization portions including decolored portions formed through partial decoloring.

Abstract: In a method for deconvolving image data, image data of an object are captured with a number n of confocal beam paths. The image data are converted into resultant image data by means of a point spread function. The resultant image data are deconvolved again in the frequency domain using a deconvolution function, wherein the deconvolution function contains the formation of at least a number n of sum terms and a Wiener parameter w. The results of the sum terms are stored in retrievable fashion; the Wiener parameter W is modified at least once proceeding from its original value and the deconvolution is carried out by means of the deconvolution function with the modified Wiener parameter w and the stored results of the sum terms.

Abstract: A sample imaging device includes a side illumination unit, a two window sample chamber, and refractive index matching. An optically transparent sample holder is in the sample well as is sample immersion fluid. The refractive index matching includes matching of the refractive index of material of a sample to be imaged.

Abstract: Provided is a focusing device that includes a substrate and a plurality of scatterers provided at both sides of the substrate. The scatterers on the both sides of the focusing device may correct geometric aberration, and thus, a field of view (FOV) of the focusing device may be widened.

Abstract: A stereo microscope of the Greenough type includes two separate imaging channels. The imaging channels have, starting from a common reference plane, beam paths that extend parallel to one another. An optical assembly sets a stereo angle in a Greenough stereo microscope.

Abstract: A STED super-resolution microscope capable of quick beam combination is disclosed, which includes a STED imaging unit and a beam combination test unit. The excitation light and the depletion light are accurately combined by the beam combination test unit, so that the imaging light spots of the two light beams passing through the STED imaging unit can accurately coincide with each other, thereby obtaining a better super-resolution imaging effect.

Abstract: An optical module includes an enclosure and an optical output assembly mounted on the enclosure. An emitter mounted in the enclosure is configured to emit a beam of light toward the optical output assembly. A connector, which includes two conductive layers separated by a dielectric layer, has a first side connected to the enclosure and a second side connected to the optical output assembly. An electrical trace disposed on the enclosure is connected to the first side of the connector so as to define a test circuit having a capacitance. Control circuitry is coupled to sense the capacitance of the test circuit, and configured to inhibit operation of the emitter upon sensing a change in the capacitance that exceeds a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: An embodiment includes: a housing including an upper surface, a lower surface, an inner surface, and an outer surface located at the side opposite to the inner surface; a bobbin accommodated in the housing; a first coil disposed at an outer surface of the bobbin; a first magnet disposed at the outer surface of the housing; a second magnet disposed in the housing so as to be spaced apart from the first magnet; and a first position sensor disposed at the outer surface of the bobbin, wherein a first part of the housing is positioned between the second magnet and the inner surface of the housing.

Abstract: A colored structure representing a back side-reflection color with metallic luster and high chroma when observed in a substrate incident mode greatly enhances light absorbance at a specific wavelength using a resonance structure in which a light absorbing material is inserted between a transparent substrate and an upper mirror layer. The colored structure controls metallic luster and texture of a high-chroma color from gloss-semi-gloss-matte texture in various aesthetic ways including introducing a haze surface structure in which light scattering occurs on at least one surface of the transparent substrate.

Abstract: An optical lens module includes a lens assembly and a plastic barrel. The lens assembly includes a plurality of lens elements and is disposed in the plastic barrel. The plastic barrel includes an object-end portion, an image-end portion, an outer tube portion, an inner tube portion and at least one reflection reduction area. The image-end portion includes an image-end opening. The inner tube portion includes a plurality of parallel inner surfaces and a plurality of inclined inner surfaces, wherein the parallel inner surfaces are parallel to the central axis, and each of the inclined inner surfaces has an angle with the central axis. The reflection reduction area is disposed on one of the inclined inner surfaces closest to the image-end opening, wherein the reflection reduction area and the plastic barrel are integrally formed by an injection molding method.

Abstract: An objective lens switching device includes a prismatic cuvette perpendicular to a plane parallel to a direction of detection and a lighting direction, which are mutually perpendicular. The cross-section of the prism is a polygon with more than four sides with pairs of mutually perpendicular faces. At least several pairs of faces include one face designed to receive a planar light beam in the lighting direction and one face with a coupled lens or objective lens to detect fluorescent light in the direction of detection. The cuvette can rotate about an axis perpendicular to said plane, allowing a specific objective lens to be oriented in the direction of detection.

Abstract: A head mounted display (HMD) includes a field curvature corrected (FC) display to mitigate field curvature in an image that is output to a user's eyes. The FC display includes elements that generate the image light and elements to mitigate field curvature from the image light. The FC display may include a display panel with lenses, a display panel with a reflective polarizer and reflective surface, or other optical elements. The FC display may include a pancake lens configuration including a polarized display with a quarter wave plate, a reflective mirror, and a polarization reflective mirror.

Abstract: Techniques disclosed herein relate to modifying refractive index modulation in a holographic optical element, such as a holographic grating. According to certain embodiments, a holographic optical element or apodized grating includes a polymer layer comprising a first region characterized by a first refractive index and a second region characterized by a second refractive index. The holographic optical element or apodized grating includes a plurality of nanoparticles dispersed in the polymer layer. The nanoparticles have a higher concentration in either the first region or the second region. In some embodiments, the nanoparticles may be configured to increase the refractive index modulation. In some embodiments, the nanoparticles may be configured to apodize the grating by decreasing the refractive index modulation proximate to sides of the grating. The refractive index may be modulated by applying a monomer reservoir buffer layer to the polymer layer, either before or after hologram fabrication.

Abstract: A device for manipulating the polarization of light which includes a first retarder-stack (Stack 1) that converts the polarization of input light from a first polarization basis vector (PBV1) to a second polarization basis vector (PBV2), a second retarder-stack (Stack 2) that returns the polarization of light from PBV2 to PBV1, and one or more optically functional layers between Stack 1 and Stack 2. Stack 1 has a plurality of layers, wherein the number of layers, retardation values, and orientations of layers in Stack 1 are selected to produce a PBV2 that is substantially spectrally-uniform over a prescribed range of wavelengths. PBV1 is a non-trivial eigen-polarization of combined Stack 1 and Stack 2. Stack 2 has a plurality of layers and Stack 2 is arranged in series with Stack 1. Alternatively, instead of two different stacks, a reflector may be used to produce a return pass through Stack 1.

Abstract: A capacitance detection apparatus is provided with: a parallel circuit in which a first series circuit and a second series circuit are connected in parallel, wherein a tested body and a first resistance element are connected at a first node in the first series circuit, and a reference capacitance element and a second resistance element are connected at a second node in the second series circuit; a power supply circuit configured to apply an alternating current voltage with a specific frequency to the parallel circuit; an inductor element connected between the first node and the second node and configured to increase a phase difference in the voltage with the specific frequency between the first and second nodes; and an output device configured to output an electric signal corresponding to a capacitance of the tested body on the basis of the phase difference.