Abstract: Systems and methods for efficiently routing qubits in a quantum computing system include selecting bubble nodes and routing qubits to the bubble nodes. The systems and methods further include dividing a system of nodes into regions and selecting a bubble node for each region. The systems and methods further include using super bubble nodes with reliable links connected to other super bubble nodes and bubble nodes to improve cross-region operations.

Abstract: A frequency synthesizer on an integrated circuit provides a local oscillator (LO) signal for RF operations and also functions as an injection clock signal source during crystal oscillator startup. The integrated circuit goes into a sleep mode in which the crystal oscillator is off and responsive to a wakeup event the crystal oscillator starts up again using the injection clock signal sourced from the frequency synthesizer. Parameters that cause the injection clock signal to match the crystal oscillator frequency are stored. The frequency synthesizer includes a phase-locked loop having an LC oscillator. A digital to analog converter controls the LC oscillator during injection. During an initial power up of the integrated circuit, a PLL in the frequency synthesizer locks to the crystal oscillator frequency to determine the parameters to store for injection.

Abstract: Described herein is an apparatus and a method for a low noise infinite radio frequency (RF) delayed-locked loop (DLL). The apparatus comprises a phase detector having a first input configured to receive a first RF signal, a second input, and an output; an infinite phase shifter having a first input configured to receive a second RF signal, an input bus, and an output connected to the second input of the phase detector; and a controller having a first input connected to the output of the phase detector and an output bus connected to the input bus of the infinite phase detector, wherein the output of the infinite phase shifter comprises a low noise signal in phase alignment with the first RF signal.

Abstract: In a described example, an apparatus includes a package substrate having a device side surface and a board side surface opposite the device side surface, a physics cell mounted on the device side surface having a first end and a second end, a first opening extending through the package substrate and lined with a conductor, aligned with the first end, a second opening extending through the package substrate and lined with the conductor, aligned with the second end, a millimeter wave transmitter module on the board side, having a millimeter wave transfer structure including a transmission line coupled to an antenna aligned with the first opening, and a millimeter wave receiver module mounted on the board side surface of the package substrate and having a millimeter wave transfer structure including a transmission line coupled to an antenna for receiving millimeter wave signals, aligned with the second opening.

Abstract: A crystal oscillator and a phase noise reduction method thereof are provided. The crystal oscillator may include a crystal oscillator core circuit, a first bias circuit and a phase noise reduction circuit, the first bias circuit is coupled to an output terminal of the crystal oscillator core circuit, and the phase noise reduction circuit is coupled to the output terminal of the crystal oscillator core circuit. In operations of the crystal oscillator, the crystal oscillator core circuit is configured to generate a sinusoidal wave. The first bias circuit is configured to provide a first voltage level to be a bias voltage of the sinusoidal wave. The phase noise reduction circuit is configured to reset the bias voltage of the sinusoidal wave in response to a voltage level of the sinusoidal wave exceeding a specific voltage range. For example, the specific voltage range is determined according to a second voltage level.

Abstract: An accurate replica oscillator-based frequency tracking loop (FTL) is provided. The replica oscillator used in the FTL can be at a lower frequency and therefore can consume much lower power compared to a main oscillator, such as an injection locked oscillator (ILO). The proposed FTL accurately sets the free running frequency of an ILO across process, voltage and temperature (PVT). Techniques are also provided to compensate the gain and offset error between the replica oscillator and the ILO.

Abstract: A ring oscillator includes a first set of at least three laddered inverter quantizer (LIQAF) circuits connected in stages that are in series, including a first LIQAF circuit and a last LIQAF circuit, and a feedback circuit from the last LIQAF circuit to the first LIQAF circuit having a logical NOT output compared to the first LIQAF circuit. A voltage input creates a pair of phase shifted waveforms in the first of the at least three LIQAF circuits that propagate sequentially through the stages of the at least three LIQAF circuits. Each stage has a pair of outputs to the next stage that are then phase shifted from the previous stage in the next stage.

Abstract: The invention relates to a resonator circuit, the resonator circuit comprising a transformer comprising a primary winding and a secondary winding, wherein the primary winding is inductively coupled with the secondary winding, a primary capacitor being connected to the primary winding, the primary capacitor and the primary winding forming a primary circuit, and a secondary capacitor being connected to the secondary winding, the secondary capacitor and the secondary winding forming a secondary circuit, wherein the resonator circuit has a common mode resonance frequency at an excitation of the primary circuit in a common mode, wherein the resonator circuit has a differential mode resonance frequency at an excitation of the primary circuit in a differential mode, and wherein the common mode resonance frequency is different from the differential mode resonance frequency.

Abstract: A circuit can include a first sub-circuit, a second sub-circuit, and a third sub-circuit. The first sub-circuit can store a reset state or a set state, and can include a first Josephson junction (JJ), a second JJ, and a third JJ coupled in parallel using superconducting inductors. The first JJ, the second JJ, and the third JJ can be biased using a JJ-based current source. The second sub-circuit can switch the first sub-circuit to the set state in response to receiving a pulse. The third sub-circuit can switch the first sub-circuit to the reset state in response to receiving one or more pulses.

Abstract: A composite part (sandwich or monolithic), including a rigid outer surface, to which is integrated an electronic instrumentation circuit, the electronic instrumentation circuit including a piezoelectric transducer, connected to a coil, an electronic control circuit, connected to a coil positioned facing the coil. The coil is printed on an insulating layer, printed directly on the rigid outer surface, the coil is printed on an insulating layer, covering the coil and the transducer, conducting tracks are printed on an insulating layer printed on at least one portion of the coil to be connected to it, the electronic control circuit being attached to the rigid outer surface and being connected to the tracks.

Abstract: An oscillating element includes a substrate, negative resistance elements which are electrically connected to the substrate, antennas which are electrically connected one-to-one to each negative resistance element and which transmit or receive an electromagnetic wave, a pad electrically connected to a power supply source for supplying power to the antennas, and a conductor which electrically connects the pad and the antennas to each other. The conductor is constituted of a common wiring that is common to the antennas and individual wirings from the common wiring to each antenna. The individual wirings differ from each other with respect to a sectional area, resistivity, and a length in accordance with a position on the substrate of an antenna connected to each wiring to reduce a difference in wiring resistances caused based on a distance between the antenna connected to each wiring and the pad.

Abstract: Transformer based voltage controlled oscillator circuitry for phase-locked loop circuitry includes upper band circuitry and lower band circuitry. The upper band circuitry operates in a first frequency range and includes a first capacitor array having a variable capacitance. The lower band circuitry operates in a second frequency range and includes a second capacitor array having a variable capacitance. The first frequency range higher than the second frequency range. In a first operating mode, the first capacitor array has a first capacitance value and the second capacitor array has a second capacitance value. In a second operating mode, the second capacitor array has a third capacitance value different than the second capacitance value.

Abstract: The multi-modal imaging system, in particular for brain imaging, comprising a pump signal generator which emits at least one pump signal in the radio frequency (RF)-range with a first power P1 and a second power P2, a wireless detection unit, which comprises at least one parametric resonator circuit with multiple resonance modes, wherein the at least one parametric resonator circuit comprises at least two varactors, at least one capacitor and at least one inductance, wherein, in a first detection mode, the pump signal, having a first power P1, induces a first pump current in the at least one parametric resonator circuit, wherein the at least one parametric resonator circuit is operated below its oscillation threshold and generates a first output signal by amplifying a first input signal, which is provided due to a magnetic-resonance (MR) measurement, wherein an external receiving device receives the first output signal, wherein, in a second detection mode, the pump signal, having a second power P2, induces a

Abstract: An oscillator-based sensor interface circuit includes first and second input nodes arranged to receive first and second electrical signals representative of an electrical quantity, respectively; an analog filter; a first oscillator arranged to receive a first oscillator input signal and a second oscillator different from the first oscillator and arranged to receive a second oscillator input signal; a comparator arranged to compare signals coming from the first and second oscillators; a first feedback element arranged to receive a representation of the digital comparator output signal and to convert the representation into a first feedback signal to be applied to the oscillation means; a digital filter arranged to yield an output signal, being an filtered version of the digital comparator output signal; a second feedback element arranged to receive the output signal and to convert the output signal into a second feedback signal.

Abstract: A quartz crystal device includes a package, a pedestal, and a crystal element. The pedestal is disposed in the package. The crystal element is bonded to the pedestal at four points. An angle formed by a center line connecting midpoints of both short sides of the crystal element and a straight line connecting a center point of the center line and each of bonding points is 22° or more and 30° or less.

Abstract: A torque transmitter for a torque sensor for measuring a torque on a shaft includes a carrier plate that includes a plurality of sensor element carrier plate regions, on each of which at least one sensor element for recording magnetic field changes is arranged, and an enclosure region formed in a substantially annular shape to enclose the shaft around a circumference of the shaft. The plurality of sensor element carrier plate regions are perpendicularly connected to the enclosure region and arranged radially within the enclosure region by being spaced apart along a circumferential direction around the circumference of the shaft.

Abstract: An oscillator circuit includes a total of N (N?2) class-D oscillator circuits stacked together between a supply voltage node and a reference voltage node. The output ports of adjacent class-D oscillator circuits in the disclosed oscillator circuit are coupled together by capacitors to ensure frequency and phase synchronization for the frequency signals generated by the class-D oscillator circuits. Compared with a reference oscillator circuit formed of a single class-D oscillator circuit, the oscillation amplitude of each of the class-D oscillator circuits in the disclosed oscillator circuit is 1/N of that of the reference oscillator circuit, and the current consumption of the disclosed oscillator circuit is 1/N of that of the reference oscillator circuit.

Abstract: Systems and methods directed to a quantum processing apparatus are provided. The apparatus comprises M solid-state qubits, where M>1, and control electronics, which are connected to the solid-state qubits. The control electronics comprise one or more qubit readout circuits, where each of the qubit readout circuits is connected to at least one of the solid-state qubits and comprises a downsampling analog-to-digital converter (hereafter DSADC). Each DSADC is configured to downsample analog signals obtained from the at least one of the solid-state qubits. Such a DSADC operates in the nth Nyquist zone of the spectrum of the analog signals obtained, so as to down-convert such analog signals from the nth Nyquist zone to the mth Nyquist zone of the spectrum, where n>m?1, prior to sampling the analog signals to convert them into digital signals, in operation. One or more embodiments of the invention are further directed to a related method of operating such a quantum processing apparatus.

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments relate to the design of a system that implements a reflectarray antenna. The system includes a time-modulated metasurface, which is configured to act as a planar reflector for an electromagnetic wave that is radiated by a feeder into free space at an operation frequency f0. The time-modulated metasurface includes time-modulated unit-cells that provide a nonlinear conversion between f0 and another desired frequency fd. The system also includes a phase-delay mechanism, which adjusts a phase delay by acting on a phase applied to a modulation frequency fm that modulates each unit-cell. The nonlinear conversion and the phase-delay mechanism operate collectively to facilitate angle-independent nonreciprocity by imposing different phase gradients during up-conversion and down-conversion processes, and by preventing generation of certain propagative harmonics due to total internal reflection.

Abstract: A PLL circuit includes a phase comparator, an integrator path, a proportional path, a current controlled oscillator, a divider, and a double integrator path. The double integrator path includes an intermittent operation gm amplifier, a filter circuit, and a voltage-current conversion circuit. The intermittent operation gm amplifier receives an output voltage of a filter circuit. When a pulse CLK for an intermittent operation is ON, the intermittent operation gm amplifier outputs its voltage to the filter circuit. When the pulse CLK for the intermittent operation is OFF, the intermittent operation gm amplifier does not output the output voltage of the filter circuit to the filter circuit. Even when the pulse CLK for the intermittent operation is OFF, an input potential of the voltage-current conversion circuit is held by the filter circuit, and a current to the current controlled oscillator flows. This makes it possible to oscillate at a high frequency without increasing an area of the filter circuit.