Abstract: An exemplary sensor chip includes a substrate, a metal pattern formed on a side of the substrate that is irradiated with excitation light, and a first substance and a second substance provided near the metal pattern. A first intensity Xa of the first surface-enhanced Raman-scattered light from the first substance and a second intensity Xb of the second surface-enhanced Raman-scattered light from the second substance are detected. An intensity ratio Xc, as obtained by dividing the second intensity Xb with the first intensity Xa, is calculated.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and devices for measuring a state of anesthesia in a noninvasive manner. Optical techniques may be used to measure changes in a functional near-infrared (fNIR) signal, where the fNIR signal is received in response to directing wavelengths of light in a near-infrared range on a patient. The optical density change may be used to obtain a change in deoxyhemoglobin (deoxy-Hb) concentration and/or a change in an oxyhemoglobin concentration (oxy-Hb). The changes in the deoxy-Hb and/or the oxy-Hb may then be compared to determine a state of anesthesia. The effect of artifacts (e.g., strong surgery room lighting, patient-table tilting, patient intubation/extubation) on the fNIR signal may be removed using a noise removal algorithm. In selecting the noise removal algorithm, a switching technique may be used to select the component analysis algorithm, such as a principal component analysis (PCA), an independent component analysis (ICA), or the like.

Abstract: Embodiments provide an apparatus, system, kit and method for in vivo measurement of blood oxygen saturation (BAS). One embodiment provides an implantable apparatus for measuring BAS comprising a housing, emitter, detector, processor and power source. The housing is configured to be injected through a tissue penetrating device into a target tissue site (TS). The emitter is configured to emit light into the TS to measure BAS, the emitted light having at least one wavelength (LOW) whose absorbance is related to a BAS. The detector is configured to receive light reflected from the TS, detect light at the LOW and generate a detector output signal (DOS) responsive to an intensity of the detected light. The processor is operably coupled to the detector and emitter to send signals to the emitter to emit light and receive the DOS and includes logic for calculating a BAS and generate a signal encoding the BAS.

Abstract: A system and method to help maintain quality control and reduce cannibalization of accessories and attached probes in a highly sensitive patient monitor, such as a pulse oximetry system. One or more attached components may have information elements designed to designate what quality control mechanisms a patient monitor should look to find on that or another component or designate other components with which the one component may properly work. In a further embodiment, such information elements may also include data indicating the appropriate life of the component.

Abstract: A subcutaneous sensor system includes a sensor, a plurality of reservoirs, a plurality of pumps, a mixer provided with a plurality of mixer inlets and a mixer outlet, and a controller having an input coupled to the sensor output and a plurality of control outputs coupled to the plurality of pumps and the mixer. In certain embodiments, the system further includes an enclosure for the reservoirs, the pumps, the mixer and the controller, e.g. in the form of a skin patch or in the form of an implantable enclosure. In certain embodiments, the sensor is external to the enclosure and implanted beneath the skin tissue.

Abstract: A noninvasive blood measurement platform may be used to determine the amounts of various constituents of the blood based on the bulk absorption characteristics of the blood. The platform may measure bulk absorption of energy such as, a broad-spectrum light, to determine maximum and minimum blood volumes. The platform may measure bulk absorption of energy at the maximum and minimum blood volumes. The bulk absorption measurements may be transformed using a transformation operation to determine bulk absorption characteristics in terms of frequency and/or wavelength. A time-varying component of the bulk absorption characteristics may be derived by comparing the bulk absorption characteristics at the maximum blood volume to the bulk absorption characteristics at the minimum blood volume. Multivariate analysis may be performed on the time-varying component to determine the amount of the one or more constituents of the blood.

Abstract: Medical devices, plug-ins, systems, and methods for CPR quality feedback are disclosed. The medical devices can calculate peripheral circulation relevant parameters based on measured signals containing at least partial hemodynamic characteristics. Amplitude and area characteristics included in the peripheral circulation relevant parameters can further be determined for providing feedback and control relating to CPR quality during the compression process. Also, compression interruption during CPR can be evaluated based on a pulse waveform generated from the measured signals.

Abstract: Methods and systems for sensor calibration and sensor glucose (SG) fusion are used advantageously to improve the accuracy and reliability of orthogonally redundant glucose sensor devices, which may include optical and electrochemical glucose sensors. Calibration for both sensors may be achieved via fixed-offset and/or dynamic regression methodologies, depending, e.g., on sensor stability and Isig-Ratio pair correlation. For SG fusion, respective integrity checks may be performed for SG values from the optical and electrochemical sensors, and the SG values calibrated if the integrity checks are passed. Integrity checks may include checking for sensitivity loss, noise, and drift. If the integrity checks are failed, in-line sensor mapping between the electrochemical and optical sensors may be performed prior to calibration.

Abstract: Described herein are fNIR-based brain computer interfaces. Training of individuals to intentionally control neural activity in specific cortical areas, thereby up-regulating and down-regulating oxygenation levels in specific locations in the brain is also provided herein. Further, continuous and/or binary control over computing environments using fNIR brain computer interfaces. Further still, a scale for brain interface index for oxygenation of a portion of the brain is provided herein.

Abstract: Disclosed is a PPG signal measurement apparatus comprising a light source for emitting light pulses; a light sensor for receiving reflected light from the light source and generating a sensor signal; an electronic unit including a transimpedance amplifier and an ambient light cancelation unit, a first switch in a front end portion of the light sensor, a second switch in the front end portion of the light sensor, a microcontroller in communication with the light source, the light sensor, and the ambient light cancellation unit.

Abstract: An implantable device for measuring biological information of a body is provided, wherein the implantable device includes a receiver for receiving electromagnetic energy and converting the electromagnetic energy into electrical energy; a storage capacitor associated with the receiver such that the electrical energy from the receiver is stored in the storage capacitor; a biological sensor; a processing device; and a transmitter, wherein the biological sensor, processing device and transmitter are configured to receive electrical energy from the storage capacitor, and wherein the biological sensor, processing device and transmitter are configured such that when the receiver is receiving electromagnetic energy, the biological sensor, processing device and transmitter are inactive and when the receiver is not receiving electromagnetic energy, the biological sensor, processing device and transmitter are inactive.

Abstract: A device for detection or measurement of a carbohydrate analyte in fluid comprises: an optical sensor comprising components of an assay for carbohydrate analyte, the readout of which is a detectable or measurable optical signal, and a light guide having a distal portion optically coupled to the assay components and a proximal portion; and a reader for interrogating the optical sensor, the reader comprising an assay interrogating system including a lens; and an interface portion forming part of at least one of the optical sensor and the reader, the interface portion being capable of removably constraining the proximal portion of the light guide and the lens of the assay interrogating system in an optically coupled arrangement. The device may be combined with an insulin-infusion system.

Abstract: Perioperative patient blood glucose concentrations are determined by imposing patient effluent ultrafiltrate through a sample cell incorporated in an automated polarimeter. The device includes an optical platform, fluid handling subassembly, controlling electronics, and integration software. A stable collimated light source of known intensity and distinct specified wavelength is passed through an optical platform including a polarizer, retarder, bandpass filters, sample flow cell, analyzer and detector. The angular rotation of the transmitted light resulting from the glucose contained in patient ultrafiltrate collected in the sample flow cell is recorded and provides a measure of the glucose concentration.

Abstract: A light source emits light into a first portion of a living body. Functionalized particles within the body are configured to specifically bind to a target analyte, and upon receiving the emitted light, undergo a reaction that separates a detectable label from the functionalized particle. A sensor device is configured to detect a response signal from a second portion of the living body that is indicative of an abundance of the detectable label in the second portion. A control system uses the sensor device to obtain sensor data indicative of the response signal from the second portion of the living body detected by the sensor device during a measurement interval, and determines a presence or absence of the target analyte within the first portion of the living body based in part on the obtained data.

Abstract: A sensor (e.g., an optical sensor) that may be implanted within a living animal (e.g., a human) and may be used to measure an analyte (e.g., glucose or oxygen) in a medium (e.g., interstitial fluid, blood, or intraperitoneal fluid) within the animal. The sensor may include a sensor housing, an analyte indicator covering at least a portion of the sensor housing, and one or more therapeutic agents. The one or more therapeutic agents may reduce deterioration of the analyte indicator. The one or more therapeutic agents may be incorporated within the analyte indicator, a membrane covering at least a portion of the analyte indicator, and/or one or more drug eluting polymer matrices, which may be external to or within the sensor housing.

Abstract: A specialized spectrometer comprises a light source to generate a monochromatic light beam to generate resonance Raman peaks or resonance near infrared absorption peaks from a region of the subject and a reference light source to illuminate the region with a reference light beam. The light energy from the resonance Raman peaks can be measured with a detector coupled to an optical wavelength separator. A portion of the reference beam scattered from the region can be measured with a reference detector. An amount of the constituent can be determined with a processor in response to the resonance Raman peaks measured with the detector and the portion of the reference beam measured with the reference detector. The illumination of the region with reference beam with the monochromatic beam allows accurate determination of the amount of the constituent, and the amount may comprise a concentration, such as an amount per unit volume.

Abstract: A device for determining the concentration of a substance in the blood of a subject, such as the oxygen saturation, which device reduces or removes the influence of specular reflection and/or subject motion, comprises an input unit for receiving detection signals reflected back or transmitted through a skin area of the subject in response to irradiation of the skin area by a radiation signal, a signal extraction unit for extracting at least three photo-plethysmography, PPG, signals at different wavelengths from said detection signals, a processing unit for normalizing said at least three PPG signals and forming a first difference signal between a first normalized PPG signal and a second normalized PPG signal and a second difference signal between a third normalized PPG signal and one other of the at least three normalized PPG signals and for forming a ratio between said first difference signal and said second difference signal, and an concentration detection unit for calculating the concentration of a substan

Abstract: The present invention discloses a non-invasive method of measuring skin thickness and blood glucose concentration of a subject by a Raman system. The advantage of the present invention is that a single Raman spectrum is used to measure both the skin thickness and glucose concentration. The skin thickness and Raman intensity retrieved from the same Raman spectrum are both utilized to yield a more accurate blood glucose concentration. The present invention also discloses a Raman system for measuring physiological data of a subject. It comprises a Raman spectroscopic unit and a signal processing unit.

Abstract: A measurement device according to the present disclosure includes a light source for emitting measurement light which is used for measuring an in vivo component present in a living body and belongs to a predetermined wavelength band toward the living body, a detection unit in which a plurality of sensors is regularly arranged in a predetermined arrangement and which detects the measurement light emitted from the light source and passing through the living body with the plurality of sensors, and an analysis unit which analyzes an amount of the in vivo component based on an amount of light attenuated depending on an optical distance from the light source by use of a detection result detected by the detection unit.

Abstract: A system and a method for creating a stable and reproducible interface of an optical sensor system for measuring blood glucose levels in biological tissue include a dual wedge prism sensor attached to a disposable optic that comprises a focusing lens and an optical window. The disposable optic adheres to the skin to allow a patient to take multiple readings or scans at the same location. The disposable optic includes a Petzval surface placed flush against the skin to maintain the focal point of the optical beam on the surface of the skin. Additionally, the integrity of the sensor signal is maximized by varying the rotation rates of the dual wedge prisms over time in relation to the depth scan rate of the sensor. Optimally, a medium may be injected between the disposable and the skin to match the respective refractive indices and optimize the signal collection of the sensor.