Abstract: An airtight chamber insulated with an anti-corrosive coating allows the control of the heat and moisture content of organic wastes for rapid aerobic decomposition by naturally occurring thermal bacteria. Air is drawn into the chamber, over and through the organic waste and carbonaceous filler materials and is exhausted through an air scrubber. Agitation of the waste mixture is by means of two or more anti-corrosive coated stirrers on a rotating shaft; the rotation rate being two revolutions or less per minute to accelerate the biological decomposition process and 35 or more revolutions per minute to fluff and dry the material after the completion of the biological process. During the drying process the air direction is reversed by means of a blower and a controlled heating element to speed drying. Utilization of the blower and heating element also helps to initiate the biological decomposition activity in cold temperatures.

Abstract: A door cleaner is capable of automatically scraping a door side, knife edge and recessed inside surface to remove tar and the like adhered thereto. The cleaner can remove both viscous material at the knife edge and recessed inside surface of the door and dried and solid material at the door side close to the coking chamber. Jet nozzles are arranged on scraper devices for cleaning the knife edge and the recessed inside areas to completely scrape and further wash away the viscous tars adhered thereto.

Abstract: A spray nozzle for use in the elbow interconnecting a coke oven ascension pipe and a main, characterized in having frusto-conical nozzle orifices which generate sprays which completely cover the elbow cross section only when they reach the transition between the elbow and the coke oven main.

Abstract: A method for the production of an anhydrous powdered dextrose containing large amounts of anhydrous crystals of .beta.-form dextrose, characterized by concentrating aqueous solutions of dextrose, or aqueous solutions containing dextrose up to a sugar concentration of 90 to 98%, adding anhydrous crystals of .beta.-dextrose or powdered dextrose containing large amounts of anhydrous .beta.-dextrose as seed crystals to this concentrate at temperatures above 60.degree. C., maintaining the temperature above 60.degree. C., and while stirring gently, eliminating the free water by vacuum dehydration from the time of formation of microcrystals by adequately reducing the pressure.

Abstract: A coke-oven door assembly has a doorjamb having an outwardly facing annular doorjamb surface. A rigid door body has an annular outer edge aligned with and generally perpendicular to the doorjamb surface and is provided with an annular and hollow rigid frame juxtaposed with this edge and limitedly displaceable relative to the door body. An annular seal strip engages the door edge and bears inwardly on the doorjamb surface. A rail is movable inside the frame toward and away from the doorjamb surface and a plurality of elastically compressible biasing devices are engaged between the rail and the seal strip to urge the latter toward the doorjamb surface. A plurality of spacers extending from the doorjamb are engaged with this rail, normally via respective plungers, so that the biasing force effective on the seal strip remains the same even if the door body is distorted by the effects of heat.

Abstract: A method of quenching coke and scrubbing the resulting gases is disclosed in which a supply of hot coke is placed in an enclosed tower having an open top and subjected to water deposited on it from above. The water is first passed through at least one layer of a liquid gas contact body formed of corrugated sheets of material arranged with the corrugations in each adjacent sheet crossing each other. This water passes in countercurrent relation to the gases rising from the quenched coke and, as a result, particulate matter, liquid drops and water-soluble vapors in the gases are removed in the contact body. The gases passing from the contact body are then passed through a mist-eliminator structure to remove water droplets therefrom.

Abstract: Abrasion-proof coke forms are produced from bituminous coal, brown coal, or peat in the form of briquets, by preheating the briquets, dehydrating or predrying them, carbonizing them and then cooling them in at least three separate stages in which the briquets are dehydrated indirectly by subjecting them to indirect temperature conditions, producing a temperature gradient in the briquets. The briquets are automatically fed into a shaft tower which includes an upper drying shaft portion made up of a plurality of stacked radiators which include tube elements for the passing of a heating fluid, such as steam, therethrough and which define vertical shaft passages through which the briquet forms are passed downwardly and into a carbonizing shaft which has separate gas channels for directing heating gases therethrough and to a heating flue and which subsequently includes a lower cooling zone through which the briquets pass and then into a discharge channel where they are delivered for classification.

Abstract: A door closure construction for sealing the sealing edge of a coke oven door in a coke oven having an opening with an outer rigid frame bounding the opening, comprises an adjustable inner frame which fits into a recess of the outer frame and may be adjustably positioned in respect thereto and in respect to the sealing edge of the coke oven door.

Abstract: An door lifter for coke ovens is provided with a door lifting or lowering power actuator consisting of two hydraulic cylinders connected in series and in back-to-back relationship. In the case of the door removal, first one of the two hydraulic cylinders is actuated so that the hooks are made into engagement with the corresponding lug pieces of the door and when they have engaged, said one hydraulic cylinder is stopped and locked. Thereafter the other hydraulic cylinder is actuated so that the door is lifted to be removed from the oven. In order to reengage the door, the other hydraulic cylinder is reversely actuated so that the door is lowered by the same stroke as the lift stroke and then said one hydraulic cylinder is reversely actuated so that the hooks are disengaged from the lug pieces of the door.

Abstract: A horizontal coke oven battery construction in which a pusher is mounted to extend into the batteries from one side and push coke out of the batteries on the opposite side, comprises a plurality of coke oven batteries disposed in a row. A first waste gas flue extends along the pusher side of the batteries and a second waste gas flue extends along the coke side. A stack flue at one end of the batteries is connected to the first and second waste gas flues. The construction includes means for directing the heating gases into each oven battery during operation so that, in respect to the pusher and coke size, approximately one-half of the batteries is heated by upward burning and the other half is heated by downward burning. For example, all odd numbered batteries may be heated in the same direction and all even numbered batteries heated in the same direction.

Abstract: Apparatus for countercurrently contacting solids with a liquid comprises a rotatable drum housing a screw conveyor having helical turns affixed to the cylindrical side wall of the drum and defining a helical passageway for the solids between the turns, the passageway is divided into a series of compartments. Each compartment has a grating receiving the solids and raising the received solids while liquid is drained through the grating and then permitting the drained solids to fall into a succeeding compartment, and an imperforate partition trailing the grating in the direction of rotation of the drum, the partition defining a chamber receiving the liquid drained from the solids with the adjacent side wall of the drum and the helical screw turns. A passageway interconnects each chamber with the upstream compartment and these passageways extend along the side wall of the drum.

Abstract: A process for quenching hot coke discharged from an oven of a battery of coke ovens into a one-spot car. The process utilizes a unique arrangement of two sets of narrow angle spray nozzles to quench the coke. In addition to quenching the coke, one set of spray nozzles initially knocks down the peak portion of the coke pile and distributes the coke so that the exposed surface of the coke is substantially level. The quench liquid discharged through the narrow angle spray nozzles contacts about 50% to about 70% of the substantially level, exposed surface of the hot coke. Sufficient openings are provided adjacent the bottom of the one-spot car to drain the quench liquid to prevent the buildup of quench liquid in the quench car.

Abstract: An oil reclamation device comprises a housing, filter, evaporator plate and heating assembly. The housing has a longitudinal axis and includes an oil inlet to receive oil to be reclaimed and an oil outlet to discharge reconditioned oil. Features of this invention include an improved filter assembly, an inside sealing mechanism for flow control, a wall guide mechanism to maintain proper flow control, an improved heat transmitting element, an oil inlet metering assembly and an improved evaporator plate.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the wet quenching of coke is disclosed wherein hot coke is sprayed from above with quenching water, the steam generated by the heat of the coke is condensed by a spray of condensation water from the top of the quenching tower, and the hot condensate-water mixture is collected at the bottom of the quenching tower and recirculating to the top of the tower where it is sprayed between quenching operations to be cooled by a counterflowing stream of air. The cooled condensate-water mixture is suitable for reuse as the condensation spray water.

Abstract: A coking oven having a coking chamber and a combustion chamber with a high temperature flue gas outlet connected to a first heat exchanger for heating cool air to cool the flue gases to an intermediate temperature, a coal dryer using the intermediate temperature flue gases for drying wet coal to a water content of a few percent by weight and preheating the coal to a temperature below the boiling point of water, a coal oiler to oil the partially dried and preheated coal, and a gas cleaner system for removing particulate matter from the low temperature flue gas coming from the coal dryer; also disclosed is an improved method of coking coal and apparatus for preheating and partially drying coal that can be added to existing coke oven structures.

Abstract: The present specification describes and claims a method and apparatus for use in cooling the solid residue of gasification of a reactor operated at a pressure above atmospheric for the gasification of carbonaceous materials. The residue of gasification is conducted out of the reactor into a cooling apparatus located therebelow and flows through the cooling apparatus from the top to the bottom thereof. A cooling liquid is introduced into the solid residue in the upper region of the cooling apparatus and is metered such that the greater portion of the heat contained in the residue is eliminated in the form of heat of vaporization, sensible heat and chemical binding energy with the resultant steam and reaction products produced. The remaining residual heat which corresponds to the difference between the desired final temperature and the temperature after cooling by the liquid, is eliminated by a gas blown into the bottom region of the cooling apparatus and/or by indirect heat exchange.

Abstract: In the fluidized carbonization and calcination of coal to form a reactive coal calcinate for admixture with bituminous binder for briquetting, curing, and coking to produce form coke, the improvement of recovering medium BTU gases in the overheads by using as the fluidizing medium oxygen diluted with steam or carbon dioxide and removing the steam or carbon dioxide from the overheads.

Abstract: Gas diffusion elements, formed of a body of solid particles which have been shaped, pressed and rendered coherent by bonding or sintering in a compacted form having pores, are disclosed. Said elements include a peripheral, annular zone of relatively small proportions having lesser permeability, greater density or lesser height than at least a portion of the remainder of the element. In accordance with the invention, a boundary zone is provided adjacent to and inwardly of the peripheral zone, in which boundary zone there is a progressive increase, continuous or step-wise, in the apparent volumetric compression ratio of the element, in the direction of the pheripheral zone, or towards a vertical surface which is near the periphery of the element. Such element may provide improved gas, e.g. oxygen transfer efficiency and therefore holds promise of improving the efficiency and economics of gas transfer processes, such as for instance treatment of sewage or other waste water with air, oxygen and/or ozone.

Abstract: A low pollution, high yield system for receiving and cooling a hot charge of coke from a coke oven comprising aligning the open end of an otherwise closed coke box having its cross section, volume and surface area substantially equal to that of a charge of coke with the discharge end of a coke oven, pushing the coke directly into the coke box, enclosing the coke within the coke box to substantially isolate the coke from atmospheric oxygen and external cooling media, indirectly cooling the coke within the coke box by passing a cooling medium over the exterior surfaces of the coke box and discharging the cooled coke from the coke box. In a preferred embodiment the coke box is constructed of thin sheet metal panels supported by but not rigidly attached to a support structure and equipped with a cooling water reservoir/metering system for cooling the exterior surfaces of the box from the time the coke is pushed into the box.

Abstract: Hot coke produced in a coke plant is introduced into the lower portion of a sealed interior of a quenching tower. Quenching water is supplied to the hot coke, thereby cooling the hot coke and generating steam and quenching gases which rise from the quenched coke to the upper portion of the interior of the quenching tower. Condensing water is supplied into the upper portion of the interior of the quenching tower, thereby condensing the steam to form quenching water condensate. A water mixture of the condensing water and the quenching water condensate is collected at a midportion of the interior of the quenching tower, and such water mixture is prevented from passing to the lower portion of the interior of the tower. The thus collected water mixture is discharged from the interior of the quenching tower, and the quenching gases remaining in the upper portion of the interior of the quenching tower are removed without being directly discharged into the exterior surrounding environment.