Abstract: A method of mass spectrometry for analyzing a sample within a mass range of interest includes the steps: ionizing the sample to produce a plurality of precursor ions; performing an MS1 scan of the precursor ions comprising mass analyzing the precursor ions across the mass range of interest, to obtain an MS1 mass spectrum of the precursor ions; determining ion intensity values within the MS1 mass spectrum; selecting precursor mass segments within the mass range of interest, and for each precursor mass segment: fragmenting the precursor ions within that precursor mass segment; and performing an MS2 scan of the fragmented ions by: controlling an amount of fragmented ions for that precursor mass segment, based on an intensity value for that precursor mass segment derived from the MS1 spectrum; and mass analyzing the amount of fragmented ions.

Abstract: A method and a system for producing a change in a medium. The method places in a vicinity of the medium an energy modulation agent. The method applies an initiation energy to the medium. The initiation energy interacts with the energy modulation agent to directly or indirectly produce the change in the medium. The energy modulation agent has a normal predominant emission of radiation in a first wavelength range outside of a second wavelength range (WR2) known to produce the change, but under exposure to the applied initiation energy produces the change. The system includes an initiation energy source configured to apply an initiation energy to the medium to activate the energy modulation agent.

Abstract: An ion mobility separator comprises an RF-device for transversely confining ions in an ion region using: (a) a first set of electrodes arranged parallel to one another along a direction of ion travel to define a first transverse boundary of the ion region, and that are supplied with a first RF-voltage such that different phases of the first RF-voltage are applied to adjacent electrodes of the first set; and (b) a second set of electrodes arranged parallel to one another along said direction of ion travel to define a second transverse boundary of the ion region, and that are supplied with a second RF-voltage such that different phases of the second RF-voltage are applied to adjacent electrodes of the second set, the first and second transverse boundaries being substantially opposite each other in a transverse direction of the ion region and the first and second RF voltages having different frequencies.

Abstract: Spectrums are measured by irradiating an electron beam on a sample while varying an accelerating potential and by detecting X-rays emitted from the sample. A normalizer unit normalizes the spectrums and thereby calculates normalized spectrums. A difference calculator unit calculates difference spectrums based on the normalized spectrums. A search unit performs a search in a database for each comparison difference spectrum, and identifies compounds contained in the sample.

Abstract: Characteristic X-rays (soft X-rays) from a sample are detected using a spectroscope to thereby generate a plurality of intensity spectrums arranged in order of time sequence. A contour map creation unit creates a contour map by converting, in accordance with a color conversion condition, the plurality of intensity spectrums into a plurality of one-dimensional maps, and arranging the plurality of one-dimensional maps in order of time sequence. When displaying the contour map, a waveform array and a difference contour map may also be displayed. Based on the contour map, a timepoint at which a state change occurs in the sample is determined.

Abstract: A lighting system includes a light source configured to generate light to inactivate one or more pathogens. The light includes an inactivating portion. In one embodiment, a method for inactivating one or more pathogens and optionally concurrently illuminating a room having one or more human occupants while the pathogens are inactivated is also provided. The method includes generating light from a light source to inactivate the one or more pathogens. The light is generated with an inactivating portion of the light.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for simultaneously measuring the value of forsterite and trace elements in olivine, comprising the following steps: Step S1: selecting samples, wherein the samples are olivine samples; Step S2: placing the samples in a sample chamber of LA-ICP-MS, and adjusting the position of the samples in the optical axis direction so that the laser beam is well focused; Step S3: optimizing the instrument to make the signal-to-noise ratio of 57Fe be the best; Step S4: adopting LA-ICP-MS peak hopping mode and receiving all the mass peaks of the samples by single electron multiplier (SEM). The present disclosure overcomes the disadvantages of long test cycle and high test cost in the prior art.

Abstract: An improved charged particle beam inspection apparatus, and more particularly, a particle beam inspection apparatus for detecting a thin device structure defect is disclosed. An improved charged particle beam inspection apparatus may include a charged particle beam source to direct charged particles to a location of a wafer under inspection over a time sequence. The improved charged particle beam apparatus may further include a controller configured to sample multiple images of the area of the wafer at difference times over the time sequence. The multiple images may be compared to detect a voltage contrast difference or changes to identify a thin device structure defect.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods of verifying enhanced rock weathering using immobile trace elements found within a mineral amendment. Further disclosed are mineral amendments that enable enhanced rock weathering.

Abstract: An instrument for separating ions may include an ion source configured to generate ions from a sample, at least one ion separation instrument configured to separate the generated ions as a function of at least one molecular characteristic and an electrostatic linear ion trap (ELIT) positioned to receive ions exiting the at least one ion separation instrument. The ELIT has first and second ion mirrors separated by a charge detection cylinder, and is configured such that an ion trapped therein oscillates back and forth through the charge detection cylinder between the first and second ion mirrors with a duty cycle, corresponding to a ratio of time spent by the trapped ion traversing the charge detection cylinder and total time spent by the trapped ion traversing a combination of the first and second ion mirrors and the charge detection cylinder during one complete oscillation cycle, of approximately 50%.

Abstract: Systems, computer-readable media, and methods using mass spectrometry to analyze a sample are provided. For example, a method includes: acquiring a precursor ion spectrum; analyzing the precursor ion spectrum to identify precursor ions that preliminarily match one or more peptides that each belong to at least one protein of interest for the analysis; selecting each of the identified precursor ions in an order according to a ranking protocol for maximizing the number of proteins that are identified in the sample; for each selected precursor ion: acquiring a corresponding product ion spectrum, determining whether the acquired product ion spectrum matches one of the peptides that belong to the set of proteins of interest, and identifying a matched peptide as being present in the sample; and identifying proteins of interest that are present in the sample based on the peptides that are identified as being present in the sample.

Abstract: In one aspect, a curtain and orifice plate assembly for use in a mass spectrometry system is disclosed, which comprises a curtain plate including a first printed circuit board (PCB) having an aperture configured for receiving ions generated by an ion source of the mass spectrometry system and at least one gas-flow channel, where said first PCB has at least one metal coating disposed on at least a portion thereof. The assembly further includes an orifice plate coupled to the curtain plate, which includes a PCB providing an orifice that is substantially aligned with the aperture of the curtain plate so that the ions entering the assembly via said aperture of the curtain plate can exit the assembly via said orifice of the orifice plate, where the second PCB has at least one metal coating disposed on at least a portion thereof.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for loading a sample into an analytical instrument using acoustic droplet ejection (“ADE”) in combination with a continuous flow sampling probe. An acoustic droplet ejector is used to eject small droplets of a fluid sample containing an analyte into the sampling tip of a continuous flow sampling probe, where the acoustically ejected droplet combines with a continuous, circulating flow stream of solvent within the flow probe. Fluid circulation within the probe transports the sample through a sample transport capillary to an outlet that directs the analyte away from the probe to an analytical instrument, e.g., a device that detects the presence, concentration quantity, and/or identity of the analyte. When the analytical instrument is a mass spectrometer or other type of device requiring the analyte to be in ionized form, the exiting droplets pass through an ionization region, e.g.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods and devices for analysis of samples using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). The invention provides methods and devices in which individual ablation plumes are distinctively captured and transferred to the ICP, followed by analysis by mass cytometry.

Abstract: A high-throughput optofluidic device for detecting fluorescent droplets is disclosed. The device uses time-domain encoded optofluidics to detect a high rate of droplets passing through parallel microfluidic channels. A light source modulated with a minimally correlating maximum length sequences is used to illuminate the droplets as they pass through the microfluidic device. By correlating the resulting signal with the expected pattern, each pattern formed by passing droplets can be resolved to identify individual droplets.

Abstract: The invention discloses an optical system for generating arbitrary-order optical vortex arrays and finite optical lattices with defects, comprising a laser, a collimating and beam-expanding system, a spatial light modulator, a 4-f lens system, and an image detector which are disposed according to a light path. After passing through the collimating and beam-expanding system, the linearly-polarized Gaussian beam emitted by the laser is radiated to the spatial light modulator to be modulated in complex amplitude; the first-order diffraction beam of the emergent light generates an arbitrary-order alternating optical vortex array on the back focal plane of the first 2-f lens system, and an adjustable finite optical lattice with defects on the back focal plane of the second 2-f lens system. The topological charge value of each vortex and the spacing between vortices, in the generated arbitrary-order alternating optical vortex array, can be precisely controlled.

Abstract: A method of optimizing delivery of a particle beam at a target is disclosed. The particle beam is delivered from an output device at a plurality of control points. In implementations, the method comprises delivering a substantially continuous particle beam about the plurality of control points, iteratively adjusting a delivery time of the substantially continuous particle beam about the plurality of control points, and processing to undertake at least one of (i) pre-defining energy layers based on one or both of the control points and a control point sampling frequency, or (ii) sorting the energy layers.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an ultraviolet light-emitting faucet comprising an inlet assembly, an outlet assembly, an operation assembly configured between the inlet assembly and the outlet assembly, and a waterproof light emitting module disposed in the operation assembly. The operation assembly has a conduit and an operation room that communicates, the waterproof light emitting module is disposed in the conduit and capable of emitting an ultraviolet light into the operation room in order to sterilize the water flowing through the operation room.

Abstract: A mass spectrometer comprising: an ion energy filter 14 arranged and configured to filter ions according to their kinetic energy and so as to only transmit ions having a component of kinetic energy in a first dimension (z-dimension) that is within a selected range; and a multi-reflecting time of flight mass analyser or mass separator 1 having an ion accelerator 6, and two gridless ion mirrors 2 that are elongated in the first dimension (z-dimension) and configured to reflect ions multiple times in a second orthogonal dimension (x-dimension), wherein the ion accelerator 6 is arranged to receive ions from the energy filter 14 and accelerate the ions into one of the ion mirrors 2.

Abstract: A mass spectrometer system comprises: (a) an ion source; (b) a mass filter or a time-of-flight (TOF) ion separator configured to receive a stream of first-generation ions from the ion source; (c) an ion storage device having an ion inlet configured to receive a stream of filtered ions comprising a plurality of ion species from the mass filter or TOF separator and to accumulate the plurality of ion species therein; (d) an ion mobility cell having an ion inlet configured to receive an accumulated batch of ion species from the ion storage device and an ion outlet configured to release, one at a time, the individual ion species therefrom; and (e) a mass analyzer configured to receive and mass analyze each first-generation ion species or each fragment ion species generated by fragmentation or other reaction of the various first-generation ion species.