Abstract: A scintillator unit with less light leakage from a scintillator to an adhesive layer and a radiation detector that can improve sensitivity to radiation and the resolution of an image to be formed. Specifically disclosed is a scintillator unit including an adhesive layer between a scintillator and a supporting member and a low-refractive-index layer with a lower refractive index than the adhesive layer between the scintillator and the adhesive layer.

Abstract: In an X-ray imaging apparatus, an image processor is configured to generate a super-resolved image having higher resolution in an X direction than a first fluoroscopic X-ray image and a second fluoroscopic X-ray image by dividing, in the X direction, a pixel value of a first pixel in the first fluoroscopic X-ray image based on pixel values of two pixels in the second fluoroscopic X-ray image that overlap the first pixel when the first fluoroscopic X-ray image and the second fluoroscopic X-ray image are shifted in the X direction by an amount corresponding to a movement amount (of an X-ray detection position) and displayed in an overlapping manner.

Abstract: One subject of the invention is a light guide (13), for an interface module, in particular for a vehicle passenger compartment, for emitting or receiving a light beam in a cone that is elongate in a transverse direction and that is centred on a plane that is inclined by an angle ? with respect to an optical axis (z) of the light guide, taking the form of a prism made of transparent material of index nGL, characterised in that it comprises: •an interior dioptric interface intended to face a printed circuit board (7) bearing a light source (5) or a light detector, forming a convergent lens the focal point of which is located at an expected position of the light source (5) or of the light detector, •a first planar face (15) that is oriented parallel to the optical axis (z) of the light guide, and •a second planar face (17) that is inclined with respect to the first face (15) by an angle ? respecting cos(?+?)=(1??) nGL*cos 3?, with ? a number comprised between ?0.1 and 0.1.

Abstract: It is provided a current measurement module 100 for measuring a current of a primary charged particle beam 123 of a charged particle beam device, the current measurement module 100 including a detection unit 160 configured for detecting secondary and/or backscattered charged particles 127 released on impingement of the primary charged particle beam 123 on a conductive surface 142 of a beam dump 140 of the charged particle beam device.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure generally describe scintillation materials, including colloidal scintillation materials and solid scintillation materials, methods of preparing the scintillation materials, applications of the scintillation materials, methods of using the scintillation materials, and the like.

Abstract: The disclosure discloses a large-aperture infrared metalens camera, which belongs to the technical field of infrared imaging and micro-nano photonics, including a large-aperture metalens, an infrared focal plane array detector, a metalens mechanical assembly and a housing. The large-aperture metalens has an aperture greater than 50 mm and a thickness less than 2 mm, and the distance between the large-aperture metalens and the infrared focal plane array detector is greater than 30 mm. The disclosure adopts strict electromagnetic field values, diffraction design algorithm and large-area semiconductor process manufacturing method to increase the aperture of metalens to 50 mm or more, and considerably improves the focal length and magnification of the camera while ensuring that the F-number of the metalens meets the requirements of signal-to-noise ratio of image. The problems of short focal length, small magnification, and insufficient imaging range of conventional metalens cameras are overcome.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for measuring the absorbance of light of a substance in a solution in a measuring cell (23; 223?), said method comprising the steps of: transmitting (S1) a first light beam (27; 27?) from a light source (25; 25?) towards a beam splitter (29; 29?); dividing (S3) the first light beam (27; 27?) into a signal light ray (31; 31?) and a reference light ray (33; 33?) by the beam splitter (29; 29?); modulating (S5) the signal light ray (31; 31?); modulating the reference light ray (33; 33?); providing (S9) the measuring cell (23; 23?) such that the signal light ray (31; 31?) passes through the measuring cell; detecting (S11) a signal in a detector (39; 39?), which signal is the combined signal intensity of the signal light ray (31; 31?) and the reference light ray (33; 33?) detected by the detector (39; 39?); performing synchronous detection (S15) of the detected signal in order to reconstruct the intensities of the signal light ray (31; 31?) and the reference light ray (33; 33?) from the combin

Abstract: A photosensor includes a vacuum tube having an inner space in which a photoelectron moves, a photocathode unit positioned at an upper portion of the vacuum tube to convert incident light incident from an outside into a photoelectron, a scintillator unit to react with the photoelectron to generate scintillation light, and a photomultiplier to convert the scintillation light into a photoelectron, and multiply the converted photoelectron to generate an electrical signal.

Abstract: Systems and methods for shuttle mode radiation delivery are described herein. One method for radiation delivery comprises moving the patient platform through the patient treatment region multiple times during a treatment session. This may be referred to as patient platform or couch shuttling (i.e., couch shuttle mode). Another method for radiation delivery comprises moving the therapeutic radiation source jaw across a range of positions during a treatment session. The jaw may move across the same range of positions multiple times during a treatment session. This may be referred to as jaw shuttling (i.e., jaw shuttle mode). Some methods combine couch shuttle mode and jaw shuttle mode. Methods of dynamic or pipelined normalization are also described.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing in-situ radiation measurements within a density equivalent package is disclosed. The apparatus may include a radiation detector embedded within the density equivalent package that is configured to measure an amount of exposure of a phantom material of the density equivalent package to radiation emitted by an irradiation device. The phantom material may have density equivalence with an object or substance for which radiation exposure information is sought and the phantom material may serve as a substitute for the object or substance. A signal including the measurement of the amount of exposure of the phantom material to the radiation may be provided to a processor of the apparatus for processing. The processor may process the signal to interpret and provide additional information relating to the measurement and may provide the information to a device communicatively linked to the apparatus.

Abstract: Instrument control and data acquisition in advanced analytic systems that utilize optical pulses for sample analysis are described. Clocking signals for data acquisition, data processing, communication, and/or other data handling functionalities can be derived from an on-board pulsed optical source, such as a passively mode-locked laser. The derived clocking signals can operate in combination with one or more clocking signals from a stable oscillator, so that instrument operation and data handling can tolerate interruptions in operation of the pulsed optical source.

Abstract: Various embodiments disclosed relate to methods of predicting neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD) properties of a feedstuff sample. A method of predicting neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD) properties of a feedstuff sample includes collecting a near-infrared spectrum of the feedstuff sample to provide NIR data of the feedstuff sample. The method also includes predicting NDFD of the sample at an elapsed time, NDFD rate of the sample, and/or NDFD extent of the sample from the NIR data using a NIR/NDFD calibration model. Various embodiments provide a method of developing the NIR/NDFD calibration model using in vitro gas production (IVGP). Various embodiments provide a method of predicting digestibility of the feedstuff sample for an animal at a rumen passage rate (eNDF).

Abstract: The present invention provides a system that can enable measurement of prompt and delayed radiation doses. Some embodiments provide a high dynamic range in dose and dose rate. Some embodiments can determine the direction of greatest dose and direction of lower radiation dose and dose rate. Embodiments include variations as well for individual and small group survival enhancement such as directional systems, packaging to meet harsh environmental conditions and nuclear survivability, low power, large-area dose and dose rate, rate mapping, data storage and exfiltration.

Abstract: A photon counting device includes a plurality of pixels each including a photoelectric conversion element configured to convert input light to charge, and an amplifier configured to amplify the charge converted by the photoelectric conversion element and convert the charge to a voltage, an A/D converter configured to convert the voltage output from the amplifier of each of the plurality of pixels to a digital value and output the digital value, a correction unit configured to correct the digital value output from the A/D converter so that an influence of a variation in a gain and an offset value among the plurality of pixels is curbed, a calculation unit configured to output a summed value obtained by summing the corrected digital values corresponding to at least two pixels, and a conversion unit configured to convert the summed value output from the calculation unit to a number of photons.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for determining gas characteristics to monitor transformer operation include extracting gas from transformer fluid for analysis.

Abstract: The present application provides a terahertz spectrum measurement system and a method for analyzing a terahertz spectrum of a substance, wherein the terahertz spectrum measurement system comprises: two terahertz quantum cascade lasers with their emission ports arranged oppositely; and a vacuum hood arranged between the emission ports of two terahertz quantum cascade lasers. The terahertz spectrum measurement system and the method for analyzing a terahertz spectrum of a substance realize a separate terahertz dual frequency comb while retaining the advantages of the on-chip dual frequency comb system, which solves the problem that the on-chip dual frequency comb cannot directly measure the terahertz spectra of substances.

Abstract: Provided is a particle detection device and method of fabrication thereof. The particle detection device includes a scintillator array that includes a plurality of scintillator crystals; a plurality of detectors provided on a bottom end of the scintillator array; and a plurality of prismatoids provided on a top end of the scintillator array. Prismatoids of the plurality of prismatoids are configured to redirect particles between top ends of crystals of the scintillator array. Bottom ends of a first group of crystals of the scintillator array are configured to direct particles to a first detector of the plurality of detectors and bottom ends of a second group of crystals of the scintillator array are configured to direct particles to a second detector substantially adjacent to the first detector.

Abstract: A photoelectric conversion device according to one embodiment includes a first transistor and a first photoelectric conversion element disposed on a first region, a second transistor disposed on a second region, an insulating layer that covers the first transistor, the first photoelectric conversion element, and the second transistor, and a first terminal that is disposed on the insulating layer, is electrically connected to one of the first transistor and the first photoelectric conversion element, and is connectable to an outside. The second transistor is a dummy transistor of the first transistor.

Abstract: Systems and methods monitoring progress of procedures by radiation exposure are provided. Position data is received for an equipment item used for the procedure and configured to produce radiation (“radiation device”). Position data is received from the tracking device during the procedure. An estimated exposure level is determined by a controller for the individual based, at least in part, on the position data from the tracking device relative to the position data from the radiation device and compared to a benchmark. If the estimated exposure level for the individual exceeds the benchmark, an electronic notification is generated.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a detector having a pixel in a substrate and configured to detect radiation particles incident thereon; a first guard ring in the substrate, surrounding the pixel, and comprising a first doped semiconductor region in the substrate and a first electrically conductive layer in electrical contact to the first doped semiconductor region. The first electrically conductive layer overhangs the first doped semiconductor region toward an interior of the first guard ring.