Abstract: A method for monitoring the airspace around an aircraft or the road, runway, taxiway, movement area condition or any other object or surface of interest ahead of a vehicle, even in inclement weather is disclosed. The present teachings provide a system for characterizing cloud drops, cloud ice particles, other hydrometeors such drizzle, rain or falling snow, and for distinguishing dry surfaces from those covered by water, snow, frost, and various types of ice even when they cover only a fraction of the field of view of the road condition monitoring system, even in inclement weather.

Abstract: A non-linear optical pumping detection apparatus and a non-linear optical absorption cross-section measurement method, which can simultaneously measure degenerate and non-degenerate two-photon absorption cross-section spectra. The measurement process is automatic, efficient and fast. The working wavelength band is from 380 nm to near infrared 1064 nm, and the non-linear performance measurement of the super-continuous wide spectra can be realized. A zoom optical system with a larger entrance pupil diameter is adopted as a weak signal acquisition lens. So the weak signal can be effectively extracted from background noise. Meanwhile, the mean square root diameter of an on-axis image point of the zoom optical system is 100 to 150 microns, the divergence angle 2? of the on-axis image point is 30.6 degrees, which well match the optical fiber coupling condition, thereby improving the coupling efficiency of the space light coupling into the optical fiber, and greatly improving the measurement sensitivity.

Abstract: A sensor unit (14) for a radiation detector (12), the sensor unit (14) comprising a conversion element (22) comprising a plurality of imaging pixels (30), wherein each imaging pixel (30) is configured to directly convert radiation into an electrical charge and wherein each imaging pixel (30) comprises a charge collection electrode (28); and a readout substrate (24) comprising a plurality of readout pixels (32), wherein each readout pixel (32) is connected to an associated imaging pixel (30) by means of an interconnection (36) at a connection position on the charge collection electrode (28); wherein each readout pixel (32) has a smaller area than an associated imaging pixel (30) of the plurality of imaging pixels (30); and wherein the connection positions in relation to the charge collection electrodes (28) are varied with respect to a neighboring charge collection electrode (28). A radiation detector (12) and a method of manufacturing a sensor unit (14) are also provided.

Abstract: A system is provided. The system includes a conveyor apparatus configured for conveying a material and a water content measurement system positioned about the conveyor apparatus for determining water content in the material. A dimension characteristic measurement system for detecting one or more dimension characteristics of the material is provided and a computer device is configured to manipulate data received from the water content measurement system and the dimension characteristic measurement system to determine a water content of the material.

Abstract: Signal output apparatus and concentration measurement system has a light receiving unit and an interface unit provided at a support unit. Light receiving unit receives infrared rays emitted to a measurement target substance, and outputs a detection signal according to received infrared rays. Storage unit stores a parameter according to a characteristic of at least one of a plurality of components including the light receiving unit, the parameter being used for concentration computation of the measurement target substance, as a calibration parameter. Interface unit outputs an output signal including a calibration parameter signal according to the calibration parameter input from the storage unit and a signal based on the detection signal input from the light receiving unit to a signal computation processing unit, without executing the concentration computation.

Abstract: A photon counting device includes a plurality of pixels each including a photoelectric conversion element configured to convert input light to charge, and an amplifier configured to amplify the charge converted by the photoelectric conversion element and convert the charge to a voltage, an A/D converter configured to convert the voltage output from the amplifier of each of the plurality of pixels to a digital value and output the digital value, a correction unit configured to correct the digital value output from the A/D converter so that an influence of a variation in a gain and an offset value among the plurality of pixels is curbed, a calculation unit configured to output a summed value obtained by summing the corrected digital values corresponding to at least two pixels, and a conversion unit configured to convert the summed value output from the calculation unit to a number of photons.

Abstract: A radiography system comprising a radiography device and a power supply device is provided. The radiography device includes a sensor unit for obtaining a radiographic image and is capable of non-contact power reception, and the power supply device is capable of non-contact power supply to the radiography device. In a period in which a fluctuation in a power supply frequency of the power supply from the power supply device to the radiography device affects a signal obtained by the radiography device from the sensor unit, the power supply device supplies power to the radiography device at a constant power supply frequency.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatuses for providing electromagnetic radiation sensing using sequential beam splitting. The apparatuses can include a micro-mirror chip having a plurality of light reflecting surfaces, an image sensor having an imaging surface, and a beamsplitter unit located between the micro-mirror chip and the image sensor. The beamsplitter unit includes a plurality of beamsplitters aligned along a horizontal axis that is parallel to the micro-mirror chip and the imaging surface. The beamsplitters implement the sequential beam splitting. Because of the structure of the beamsplitter unit, the height of the arrangement of the micro-mirror chip, the beamsplitter unit, and the image sensor is reduced such that the arrangement can fit within a mobile device.

Abstract: A radiography apparatus comprising: a first metal-containing layer containing a metal; a scintillator provided in contact with the first metal-containing layer; and a sensor substrate provided with a plurality of pixels that accumulate a charge generated according to light emitted from the scintillator, wherein a stacked body in which the first metal-containing layer, the scintillator, and the sensor substrate are stacked has flexibility.

Abstract: A radiation detector having a plurality of pixels is provided. A respective one of the plurality of pixels includes a base substrate; a thin film transistor on the base substrate; an insulating layer on a side of the thin film transistor away from the base substrate; a photosensor on a side of the insulating layer away from the base substrate; a passivation layer on a side of the photosensor away from the base substrate; a scintillation layer on a side of the passivation layer away from the base substrate; and a reflective layer on a side of the scintillation layer away from the base substrate. The photosensor includes a first polarity layer in direct contact with the passivation layer. All sides of the first polarity layer other than a side internal to the photosensor are entirely in direct contact with the passivation layer.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for Quantitative Phase Microscopes (QPM) having laser systems including one or more of laser scissors and laser tweezers. In one embodiment, the system includes one or more structural elements, such as a stage and dichroic plate for operation of a QPM with laser scissors/tweezers. Another embodiment is directed to a method of operating a QPM system having laser scissors/tweezers. One or more solutions are provided for biodmedical applications of a QPM system including simulation and analysis of trauma on cellular structures and organelles. Processes are also provided for simulation and analysis of traumatic injury, including imaging and analysis of astrocytes.

Abstract: In one aspect, the present teachings provide a system for performing cytometry that can be operated in three operational modes. In one operational mode, a fluorescence image of a sample is obtained by exciting one or more fluorophore(s) present in the sample by an excitation beam formed as a superposition of a top-hat-shaped beam with a plurality of beams that are radiofrequency shifted relative to one another. In another operational mode, a sample can be illuminated successively over a time interval by a laser beam at a plurality of excitation frequencies in a scanning fashion. The fluorescence emission from the sample can be detected and analyzed, e.g., to generate a fluorescence image of the sample. In yet another operational mode, the system can be operated to illuminate a plurality of locations of a sample concurrently by a single excitation frequency, which can be generated, e.g., by shifting the central frequency of a laser beam by a radiofrequency.

Abstract: A radiation imaging apparatus comprising a first scintillator, a second scintillator which receives radiation transmitted through the first scintillator, conversion elements and a controller is provided. The conversion elements include first conversion elements and second conversion elements with different sensitivities for detecting light emitted from at least one of the first scintillator or the second scintillator. During radiation irradiation, the controller obtains, from a signal output from one or more measuring element configured to measure a dose of incident radiation, a first signal corresponding to light converted from radiation by the second scintillator, and outputs, based on the first signal, a stop signal configured to stop the radiation irradiation, and after the radiation irradiation, the controller causes the first conversion elements and the second conversion elements to output signals configured to generate an energy subtraction image.

Abstract: Disclosed is a transient-state THz spectrometer applied to cells and biological macromolecules, including a femtosecond laser amplifier. A femtosecond laser output by the femtosecond laser amplifier is divided into two beams of pump light and probe light after passing through a beam splitter of which a transmission-reflection ratio is 7:3, the pump light is focused to irradiate a gap between electrodes of a nonlinear photoconductive antenna and emit a terahertz wave after successively passing through a half wave plate, a silver-plated reflector and a first lens, the terahertz wave forms a terahertz wave collineation after successively passing through a second lens, a slab waveguide, a third lens and an ITO film, the terahertz wave collineation and the probe light form a probe light collineation of wavefront tilt which is perpendicularly incident on a ZnTe crystal and detected and recorded by using a CCD camera.

Abstract: A screening method is provided. Cells secreting target antibodies are screened by mixing candidate cells labeled with a first fluorescent molecule, a capture antigen and a labeled antibody against a target antibody and incubating, labeling using a high content cell imager and sorting using flow cytometry so as to screen cells secreting target antibodies. The screening method disclosed in the present application can automatically complete the labeling and sorting of target candidate cells in high throughput by labeling with a fluorescent molecule in combination with high-content cell imager and flow cytometer, so as to provide sufficient quantity of cells for subsequent amplification to obtain their antibody sequences and screen affinity antibodies. This method greatly improves the screening efficiency.

Abstract: A scintillator attachment structure includes an opening formed in a first side wall portion of a housing and a scintillator holder that holds the scintillator and includes a holder portion fitted in the opening. The scintillator holder can be attached to and detached from the housing. While the scintillator holder is attached to the housing, a predetermined angle is formed between the scintillator held by the holder portion protruding from the first side wall portion into the housing and the front surface mirror in the housing.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a gas detector configured to improve response speed of a gas sensor. A gas detector includes a housing, a gas sensor main body installed in the housing, and a partition wall provided in the housing and limiting the surrounding of the gas sensor main body to separate from the other area. The housing or the partition wall includes an opening portion directly connected from the outside to an area inside the partition wall.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a radiation detector includes first and second resin members, a detection part, a wiring part, and a controller. The first resin member includes first and second partial regions, and a third partial region between the first and second partial regions. The second resin member includes fourth and fifth partial regions. The detection part is provided between the first and fourth partial regions. The detection part includes a first conductive layer, a second conductive layer provided between the first conductive layer and the fourth partial region, and an organic semiconductor layer provided between the first and second conductive layers. The wiring part is provided between the third and fifth partial regions. The wiring part includes first and second wiring layers. The controller is fixed to the second partial region. The controller is electrically connected with the first and second wiring layers.

Abstract: A radiation detector includes a photodetector and a scintillator coupled thereto. The scintillator is formed of a scintillator material comprising an organic glass scintillator (OGS) material and at least one of a polymer additive or a plasticizer additive. The scintillator emits light when radiation is received at the scintillator, and the light is received by the photodetector. The radiation detector can further include a frame that has an interior cavity that holds the scintillator in position with respect to the photodetector, such that the light emitted by the scintillator is transmitted to the photodetector. The scintillator can be formed by casting amorphous scintillator material in the interior cavity of the frame. The frame can then be coupled to the photodetector to form the radiation detector.

Abstract: A temperature measurement system includes a thermal camera configured to capture a thermal image of individuals in a viewing space of the thermal camera to detect temperatures of the individuals. A reference device is configured to present a reference temperature for detection by the thermal camera when the reference device is disposed in the viewing space of the thermal camera. The reference device is configured to maintain thermal stability in harsh or hazardous environments so that the system provides accurate and precise temperature detection of the individuals in the viewing space of the thermal camera.