Abstract: In a light valve projection type image display device, a lighting device suitable for a device making use of polarization in particular is presented. A lighting device transformed in the direction of polarization comprising a light source, an elliptical mirror, polarized light selecting means positioned at a second focal point position of the elliptical mirror, collimating for transforming the light from the second focal point of the elliptical mirror into nearly parallel light while reflecting, polarization transforming provided in the collimating, and optical path transforming having an aperture in the central part is provided. The light is separated into first and second directions of polarization by the polarized light selecting. The light in the second direction of polarization is enters the collimating and the direction of polarization is transformed in the same direction as the light of the first direction of polarization.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for predicting a plurality of pixel data using a half pixel pitch wherein the method includes the steps of arranging a plurality of reference pixel data in parallel, the plurality of reference pixel data being compressed with one motion vector; rearranging the plurality of the reference pixel data in parallel, the plurality of reference pixel data input according to the motion vector; and processing the plurality of rearranged reference pixel data according to the motion vector to produce a plurality of pixel data in parallel predicted using the half pixel pitch.

Abstract: An discrete cosine transform (DCT) apparatus is adaptive so as to choose between alternative transform modes for each successive pixel block to be transformed and subsequently variable-length-coded. A first transform device performs a DCT on a subject pixel block. A second transform device performs a DCT on the same subject pixel block of data which has been processed such that the frequency domain transformed data is distributed in a lower frequency compared with the transform coefficients produced by the first transform device. A pair of scanners scan the respective transform coefficients output by the transform devices according to predetermined patterns. A set of four counters accumulate information about the transform coefficients, as scanned by the scanners, so as to indicate the amount of data which would be produced by the respective sets of transform coefficients when variable-length-coded.

Abstract: A method and system for performing inverse telecine processing requires a minimum amount of memory capacity. Specifically, the inverse telecine processing technique requires only first and second dual field buffers. The first dual field buffer has a first even buffer (1E) and a first odd buffer (1O). The second dual field buffer has a second even buffer (2E) and a second odd buffer (2O). The input video sequence to be processed comprises a sequence of video fields of alternating even and odd parity. The even fields of the input sequence are written into the even buffers of the two dual field buffers on an alternating basis and the odd fields of the input sequence are written into the odd buffers of the dual field buffers on an alternating basis. This order is changed (i.e., toggled) when a repeat field is detected. The repeat field is dropped by writing over it with the next field of the same parity in the input sequence.

Abstract: In a method for detecting a scene change between a prior video picture and a current video picture of a sequence of pictures, an average luminance value is determined for a block pair of the prior and current video pictures. Preferably, the blocks of the block pair are located, respectively, in the same relative position in the prior and current pictures. An incremental visual sensation value is determined using a difference between the average luminance values. If the incremental visual sensation value exceeds a block contrast threshold level, a scene change is indicated. In particular, if the minimum of the average luminance values of the current and prior picture blocks exceeds a dark scene threshold, the incremental visual sensation value is determined using the ratio of (a) the absolute value of the difference between the average luminance values, and (b) the minimum of the average luminance values of the current and prior picture blocks.

Abstract: Representative picture extracting device 102 extracts representative pictures from a coded input signal 101 which consists of representative pictures, motion parameters for motion compensation which refers the representative picture, and reference relationships, and outputs a coded representative picture signal 103. The signal is decoded by a representative picture decoder 104, and output as a decoded representative picture signal 105 to a delay memory 106. On the other hand, representative picture reference relationship extracting device 112 extracts reference relationship additional information 113, and outputs it to decoded signal output controller 114. The sequence of outputting the representative pictures is determined on the basis of the reference relationship additional information 113, and an output control signal 115 is output to the delay memory 106.

Abstract: A moving picture signal decoder for decoding compressed picture data resulting from compressing original picture data by use of a combination of picture information including picture data of each frame of a moving picture signal and motion vector information including a motion vector between frames, the moving picture signal decoder comprising demultiplexer device for demultiplexing the compressed picture data to obtain the picture data and the motion vector; decoding device for decoding the picture data to obtain decoded picture data; down-sampling device for (i) down-sampling the decoded picture data so that the decoded picture data has 1/M a number of pixels included in the original picture data, where M is a positive integer, in one of a reverse playback mode and a fast forward/reverse playback mode and (ii) passing the decoded picture data as it is in a normal playback mode; scaling device for (i) multiplying the motion vector by 1/m in one of the reverse playback mode and the fast forward/reverse playba

Abstract: A visual inspection system for a product can test various kinds of liquid crystal displays by changing only the data in a video system for automatically testing a liquid crystal display panel, and comprises a data input block operated by a control signal or data inputted by the tester; a signal processor for inputting the data required for a control program and an operation from the data input block, and for testing a product; and an image sensor for inputting a video image, of a photograph of a product to be tested, to the signal processor.

Abstract: A variable transfer rate coding apparatus codes moving picture signals of groups of pictures (GOPs). The picture signals are quantized under control of quantization step width and coded. A first code amount per GOP and a second code amount of picture data included GOP are obtained from the coded picture signals. In response to the first code amount, a total code amount of the picture signals of the GOPs are calculated and the total code amount is compared with a reference total code amount, to decide a first target code amount per GOP in order that the total code amount becomes a maximum amount within the reference total code amount. Further, in response to the first target code amount and the second code amount, a second target code amount of the picture data included in each GOP is determined in accordance with the maximum amount. The quantization step width is varied on the basis of the second target code amount.

Abstract: A television communications method and system particularly suitable for high definition, with narrow-band applications as for specialized broadcasting systems and video links using a block coding procedure to produce a system not wasteful of bandwidth caused by transmitting redundancies from multiple sources which do not contribute to picture quality. A differential order video encoding method (DOVE) provides a video coding scheme based on the need for true high-quality video with real-time TV encoding and delivery in fifty per cent of the bandwidth of the 4.5 MHZ vestigial sideband suppressed television system in universal use. Efficient coding algorithms, based on the finding and eliminating multiple source redundancies, characterizes the redundancies and creates, in real-time, an efficient set of codes for encoding only the information that is different, eliminating the need for full 4.5 MHZ bandwidth.

Abstract: An apparatus for replaying a disc-shaped recording medium such as a video CD on which first video data into which all of audio data or video information for one frame is compressed as well as second video data into which video information for frames located before and after the frame in question is recorded together with address data, and discrimination data for discriminating between menu data and recorded data is also recorded. The replay apparatus includes a replay section, an input section, a memory and a controller. The replay section loads the disc-shaped recording medium therein and replays the loaded disc-shaped recording medium.

Abstract: A video data editor edits video data which has been predictive-coded between pictures. An editing controller outputs number data for specifying video data to be read from a recording medium and editing point data indicative of editing points of the video data to be read. The video the outputted number data. The read video data is decoded to obtain reproduced pictures. The reproduced pictures are coded to obtain re-coded video data. Before and after the editing points, original coded video data is switched to the re-coded video data on the basis of the editing point data. In stead of the editing point data, video processing control data indicative of types of video processing for editing can be used. With the video processing control data, when judged that the video processing is proceeding, original coded video data is switched to the re-coded video data, before, during and after the video processing.

Abstract: A stereoscopic image display system has a left/right stereoscopic image signal generator for alternately generating left-eye and right-eye image signals at every field, a screen for projecting image light, a liquid crystal shutter. The liquid crystal shutter has a response speed of 1 ms or less, and a contrast between black and white of 100 to 1 or more at a central wavelength of an emission spectrum of a CRT in both parallel and crossing modes of the polarizing plates of the shutter, and a cell gap of 3 .mu.m or less. The screen comprises a Fresnel lens and a lenticular sheet, and the lenticular sheet is disposed in a direction so that a polarizing condition does not generate a phase difference based on the lenticular sheet.

Abstract: In a digital recording and reproducing apparatus, at least a first area to record an image signal and a second area to record an audio signal are provided on a recording medium, the digitized image signal and audio signal are separately recorded in the areas. The apparatus has arrangement for recording image annexed information annexed to the image signal into a third area provided for the first area and arrangement for recording audio annexed information annexed to the audio signal into a fourth area provided for the second area. Recording start identification information is recorded in the third and fourth areas for only a predetermined period after the start of the recording.

Abstract: A train of coded input picture data carrying moving picture information includes at least one picture data which need to refer to another picture data and at least one coded picture data containing an error.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for recording/playing back a broadcasting signal wherein the broadcasting signal is separated into a video signal and an audio signal and then written into video and audio signal memories. The video and audio signals are read from the video and audio signal memories if a HISTORY mode key is ON. The operation is ended if a REVIEW key is OFF under the condition that the HISTORY mode key is off. If the REVIEW key is ON the write operation of the video signal into the video signal memory is stopped and it is discriminated whether a JOG key is ON or OFF. A video signalportion of a predetermined previous interval is read from the video signal memory if it is discriminated that the JOG key is OFF. If the JOG key is ON, a read timing signal is generated to read the video signal from the video signal memory according to an operation of the JOG key.

Abstract: In order to improve coding efficiency, a segmentation circuit performs segmentation of an input picture by clustering referring to distance data calculated from pixel values of the input data, statistic information and a disparity compensated predictive picture, a statistic information calculator calculates an average and dispersion of pixel values of each segment according to pixel values of the input data and segmentation data from the segmentation circuit, a disparity calculator calculates disparity vectors of a horizontal dimension for minimizing error of the disparity compensated picture from pixel values of a reference picture, those of the input picture and the segmentation data, and a disparity compensating predictor generates the disparity compensated predictive picture.

Abstract: A surveillance housing assembly comprises an outer shell having a top wall portion and side wall portion, wherein the side wall portion extends in a downward direction from the top wall portion to thereby define a first cavity. An inner shell comprises a top wall portion for mounting engagement with an underside of the top wall portion of the outer shell within the first cavity. The inner shell further comprises a top wall portion and a side wall portion, wherein the side wall portion extends in a downward direction from the top wall portion to thereby define a second cavity.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for processing digital video data to reduce the amount of video data required to represent a video frame by representing a frame or pair of field pictures into a single field of a pair of field picture are described. To prevent the second field of the field picture from being displayed a DSM byte associated with the field picture is set so that only the field representing the video frame is displayed. A field, e.g., a transparent predictively coded field is used as the field picture which is not displayed. In this manner, very little data is required to represent the field picture that is not displayed. When the received frames are represented as pairs of field pictures a single field of the pair of field pictures is selected to represent the video frame with the other field picture being replaced with a field which requires very little data.

Abstract: An apparatus, for use in an image signal encoding system, encodes a bidirectionally predictive frame (B frame) of a digital video signal to generate an encoded B frame signal. The apparatus selects two groups of pixels from pixels contained in a detected processing regions of a first and a second reference frames as a first and a second sets of feature points, respectively, by using a feature points selection circuit; and then determines a first set of motion vectors between the current and the first reference frames and a second set of motion vectors between the current and the second reference frames through the use of a feature point motion estimation circuit. Thereafter, the apparatus selects a set of motion vectors for the set of feature points from the first and the second sets of motion vectors to thereby generate a selected set of motion vectors and selection information representing the selected set as the encoded B frame.