Abstract: A three dimensional microwave switch having a plurality of waveguide transmission lines configured in an octahedral shape having microwave I/O ports at the corners. Individual actuators selectively move respective reeds within the waveguide transmission lines between a signal-attenuating position abutting the interior surface of the waveguide transmission line and a signal-conducting position substantially coaxial with the waveguide transmission line and abutting the signal lines of the I/O microwave ports couple to opposite ends of the waveguide transmission line.

Abstract: A lumped element circulator having a plurality of operation bands, has a circulator element with a plurality of signal ports and a grounded terminal, and resonance circuits connected between the signal ports and the grounded terminal, respectively, each of the resonance circuits having a plurality of resonance points. The number of the operation bands is equal to the number of the resonance points of each of the resonance circuits.

Abstract: A device with a nonradiative dielectric waveguide which operates in a microwave band or in a millimeter wave band. The device with a nonradiative dielectric waveguide is, for example, an oscillator, a circulator, a coupler or the like. The device has a pair of parallel conductors, a dielectric strip which is disposed between the conductors and propagates a high-frequency electromagnetic wave in a specified mode, a mounting surface which is formed on one of the conductors, and an end surface which is defined by an end of each of the conductors so as to be vertical to a traveling direction of the electromagnetic wave propagated in the dielectric strip. An end of the dielectric strip is exposed at a corresponding end surface of the device.

Abstract: A radio frequency combining system is disclosed that uses commercially available quadrature hybrid couplers configured in a unique manner to combine any radio frequency sources such as transmitters into a single load such as an antenna. The radio frequency combining system is bidirectional and can be used in the receive mode to combine the output of a receive antenna with outputs from an interference canceller to then supply received signals to a multiple receiver system.

Abstract: An RF connector includes male and female connector components. The male component has a multi-diameter dielectric housing cylinder with a metal center conductor extending through an opening in the housing. The center pin extends from each end of the dielectric housing. The center pin and the dielectric housing are sized appropriately to provide a matched impedance at microwave frequencies for the use environment to which the male component is connected. The female connector component includes a dielectric body having a center cavity formed therein. A compressible wire bundle forming a compressible conductor member is recessed into the cavity. The compressible conductor protrudes from the far end of the female cavity allowing contact to a mating circuitry. The male connector component is assembled with the female component, the male center pin being brought into electrical contact with the compressible conductor member.

Abstract: A nonradiative planar dielectric line exhibits low transmission losses and is easily connectable to electronic components. A first slot is provided between two electrodes on a first main surface of a dielectric plate. A second slot is provided between two electrodes on a second main surface of the dielectric plate. A first conductor is electrically connected to the electrodes on the first main surface and also covers the first slot. A second conductor is electrically connected to the electrodes on the second main surface and also covers the second slot. An integrated circuit using the above type of dielectric line is also provided. Thus, apparatuses using the above dielectric lines or integrated circuits are miniaturized.

Abstract: The present invention reduces certain unwanted transients in an output stage by sensing the power supply and disabling the output stage output devices in correlation with the sensing of an invalid bias. In preferred embodiments, the bias is measured at a node that is the last bias node to reach a steady state during power up or power glitches. This ensures that all portions of the output stage are being provided a valid bias prior to enabling the output devices of the output stage. By enabling the output devices only after a valid bias is present, signals generated by the output devices are based upon valid operation of the output stage.

Abstract: A circuit board having a transition region at its perimeter. The transition region provides a deliberate increase in impedance between the voltage and ground plane from the interior side of the transition region where the board impedance is approximately that of the board impedance at an interior region of the circuit board to the edge side of the transition region where the impedance level approximates or is slightly less than that of surrounding air. In one example, the voltage plane in the transition region has a geometric configuration that provides a decrease in plane material (such as a hole, stripe, or triangle pattern) from the interior side to the edge side of the transition region. With other examples, the distance between the voltage and ground plane increases from the interior side to the edge side of the transition region.

Abstract: A variable attenuator comprises bipolar transistors Q1 and Q2 connected in reverse parallel between a point 1 and ground potential G. The base electrodes of the transistors Q1 and Q2 are biased independently by a control circuit 3. The collector of transistor Q1 and the emitter of transistor Q2 are commonly connected to a bias voltage provided by resistor R2 and voltage source Vr. The attenuator provides means by which the linearity, gain, power handling capabilities and noise figure of a front-end receiver can be altered. The attenuator is susceptible to integration in, for example, a radio receiver front-end.

Abstract: The monolithic integrated interdigital coupler includes a plurality of parallel conductors (5, 6, 7, 8, 9) extending side-by-side and a plurality of conducting air bridges (10,11,12, 13) connecting pairs of conductors. One end of each conductor is connected with one end of another non-adjacent or non-neighboring conductor by means of one of the conducting air bridges (10,11,12,13). In order to provide a closer or tighter coupling at least one conducting air bridge (10,11,12,13) is connected to the conductor it bridges by a concentrated capacitance (14,15,16,17).

Abstract: A non-radiative dielectric waveguide coupler for coupling or dividing high-frequency signals between at least two dielectric waveguides arranged maintaining a predetermined gap between a pair of parallel flat conductors, wherein said two dielectric waveguides are connected to each other through a bridge of a dielectric material. Upon joining the two dielectric waveguides through the bridge, the gap between the two dielectric waveguides, that affects the characteristics of the coupler, is set maintaining a high precision without effecting any particular positioning operation. Therefore, the coupler can be mass-produced very favorably. Besides, the gap between the two dielectric waveguides is stably maintained without being varied during the production of the coupler or during the use of the coupler, contributing to improving the reliability of the coupler.

Abstract: A normal NRD guide is constituted in the part to be coupled with a dielectric resonator, a hyper NRD guide for simply transmitting the LSM01 mode is constituted in a multipoints circulator part, the normal NRD guide is constituted in a coupler part, the hyper NRD guide is constituted in the mixer part, and the normal NRD guides are constituted in a dielectric line switch part and in a connection unit between components.

Abstract: A high power radio frequency(RF) precision step attenuator includes a trim attenuator, a multi-step attenuator and a calibration/control circuit. The control circuit includes a memory for storing attenuator specific calibration data. The calibration data incorporates attenuator characteristics which are used by the control circuit to adjust the attenuator and compensate for manufacturing variances, temperature variations, and the like.

Abstract: A transition between a microstrip line and waveguide is proposed, wherein the ground surface of the microstrip line has an aperture and the ground surface of the microstrip line forms at least part of a wall of the waveguide.

Abstract: A splitter for passband signals up to several GHz has symmetrical transformer windings that are connected together at input ends and extend to output ends. An input resistor connects between an input terminal of the splitter and the connected input ends of the windings. A respective output resistor connects between each output end of the windings and a respective output terminal of the splitter. A respective shunt resistor connects between each output end of the windings and ground. A resistor and capacitor in series connect between two of the output ends of the windings.

Abstract: A waveguide interconnection system. First and second waveguide sections each have an exterior end and an interior end. A first flange, formed in a cylindrical configuration, has an inboard surface in a planar configuration positionable adjacent to the first waveguide section adjacent to the interior end thereof. The first flange has an outboard surface, a peripheral exterior surface with male threads formed thereon, and an opening therethrough essentially coextensive as an extension of the cross-section of the waveguide. A second flange, formed in a cylindrical configuration, is positionable adjacent to the second waveguide section adjacent to the inboard end thereof. The second flange has an outboard surface and an inboard surface in a generally planar configuration with a peripheral surface therebetween and an opening centrally therethrough essentially coextensive as an extension of the cross-section of the second waveguide.

Abstract: An impedance matching system and a network for automatic impedance matching at a driver circuit output for high frequency input-output devices. The impedance matching network comprises a control circuit which varies a control voltage proportionally to the frequency of voltage transients that occur on the driver circuit output, an adjustment mechanism which provides a linear motion proportional to the control voltage, and an adjustable length transmission line whose length is adjusted in proportion to the frequency of voltage transients on the driver circuit output and whose impedance, which is purely reactive, is proportional to its length. The purpose of the adjustable length transmission line is to reduce transient voltages by providing a matching impedance for the reactive component of the impedance of the receiver network to the driver circuit. In the preferred embodiment, the impedance matching network is manufactured on the same chip as the driver circuit.

Abstract: In a distributed constant circuit, a first line is connected between a first node and a second node. The first node is grounded through a series connection between a first capacitor and a second line, and the second node is grounded through a series connection between a second capacitor and a third line. The parameters of the first, second and third lines and the first and second capacitors satisfy a predetermined relational expression such that characteristics equivalent to a .lambda./4 line are obtained with respect to the frequency of a fundamental wave, and the second and third lines and the first and second capacitors respectively resonate with respect to an arbitrary frequency.

Abstract: A planar BALUN circuit comprises two separate parallel branches with three capacitive elements. The values of the capacitive elements are selected to provide impedances which first of all enhance balanced current flow and which also impede and reduce unbalanced current flow. The circuit is provided so as to lie substantially in a single plane as a pattern disposed on a printed circuit board together with either certain discrete capacitive elements or with capacitive structures which are also printed on the board. The BALUN circuits of the present invention are particularly useful for circuits operating in the gigahertz range and are particularly useful in light weight devices such as cellular telephones and cellular telephone systems.

Abstract: A high-frequency switch includes a substrate, external conductors provided on the substrate, and a central conductor provided on the substrate, the external conductors and the central conductor constituting a coplanar high-frequency wave line on the substrate. A deflectable air-bridge is held on the external conductors via an air gap and extends out over the central conductor, the air-bridge being deflectable by an electrostatic field created by an actuation voltage applied between the wave line and the air-bridge. A control-signal conductor generates the actuation voltage between the wave line and the air-bridge. The central conductor acts as the control-signal conductor which generates the actuation voltage between the wave line and the air-bridge. The air-bridge contains a plurality of laminated thin films, the laminated thin films having variable internal stresses that are adjustable to match a particular actuation voltage selected for the switch.