Abstract: A nonreciprocal circuit device which can achieve miniaturization and cost reduction by increasing attenuation outside a passband and greatly decreasing the occurrence of extraneous radiation emissions.

Abstract: A transverse electric or quasi-transverse electric mode to rectangular waveguide mode transformer converts an electrical signal propagating in a transmission line from the TE or quasi-TEM transmission mode to a rectangular waveguide transmission mode for propagating in a waveguide. The transformer comprises a trace printed on a substrate, the substrate having first and second major surfaces and first, second, third, and fourth minor surfaces. The transformer is logically divided into a quasi-TEM mode portion, a conversion portion, and a waveguide mode portion. The quasi-TEM mode comprises a length of microstrip. The microstrip widens to a conversion trace in the conversion portion where there is one or more converting fins oriented perpendicularly to the direction of signal propagation. The conversion portion is adjacent the waveguide mode portion comprising metalized first and second major surfaces and third and fourth minor surfaces.

Abstract: An absorbent amplitude filter for HF signals employs a reflective filter and an absorption circuit comprising a load resistor. The absorption circuit inventively comprises another .lambda./4 line upstream of the filter, which comprises, at the input side, a series connection consisting of another diode and the load resistor. This series connection is connected with the reference potential, whereby an HF block is connected in parallel to the load resistor.

Abstract: Provided coaxially inside a first waveguide is a second waveguide, so as to form a coaxial waveguide. The first waveguide for the passage of a low-frequency band signal (f.sub.L signal) functions as the outer conductor of the coaxial waveguide while the second waveguide for the passage of a high-frequency band signal (f.sub.H signal) serves as the center conductor of the coaxial waveguide. Feeders for f.sub.L are provided so that they penetrate through the wall of the first waveguide. Feeders for f.sub.H are provided so that they penetrate through both the first and the second waveguide walls. The distance between the first f.sub.L feeder and the first f.sub.H feeder and the distance between the second f.sub.L feeder and the second f.sub.H feeder are set at approximately one quarter of the wavelength of the f.sub.L signal. The distance between the first f.sub.H feeder and a reflector surface is also set at about one quarter of the wavelength.

Abstract: A dual quadrature branchline in-phase power combiner and power splitter provides a low cost and symmetrical structure for combining power from two signal ports (20, 30, FIG. 1) to an output signal port (10). When used as a power splitter, the structure accepts power from a signal port and divides the power equally and in-phase between the output signal ports (20, 30). The structure can be fabricated using microstrip, stripline, or similar technology such as suspended stripline. The structure is well matched over a large bandwidth and provides high isolation between the splitter output signal ports (20, 30).

Abstract: A high power microwave or radio frequency network is disclosed which utilizes [2] two movable capacitive probes in order to provide complete vector tuning [in 4 axis by] utilizing the capacitive reactance of the two capacitive probes to provide [2] two tuning axis and the inductive reactance of two fixed inductive posts to provide [the] two additional [axis] axes of tuning, thereby allowing four axes of tuning with the movement of only two members, the capacitive probes. A third capacitive probe/inductive post set can be added to the two probe configuration for extremely high reflection correction at all phase angles.

Abstract: An RF switch formed as a micro electro-mechanical switch (MEMS) which can be configured in an array forming a micro electro-mechanical switch array (MEMSA). The MEMS is formed on a substrate. A pin, pivotally carried by the substrate defines a pivot point. A rigid beam or transmission line is generally centrally disposed on the pin forming a teeter-totter configuration. The use of a rigid beam and the configuration eliminates the torsional and bending forces of the beam which can reduce reliability. The switch is adapted to be monolithically integrated with other monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMIC) for example from HBTs and HEMTs, by separating such MMICs from the switch by way of a suitable polymer layer, such as polyimide, enabling the switch to be monolithically integrated with other circuitry. In order to reduce insertion losses, the beam is formed from all metal, which improves the sensitivity of the switch and also allows the switch to be used in RF switching applications.

Abstract: A variable absorptive/reflective high power attenuator for attenuating microwave signals in a communication system is formed from a circulator connected to a section transmission line such as a waveguide, having at least one adjustable tuning element connected thereto. The transmission line itself is terminated with a microwave energy absorbing load. A signal injected into the circulator is partially reflected by the tuning element(s), and partially absorbed in the load. The reflected portion is routed to an output port of the circulator. The non-reflected portion is dissipated as heat by the load. The amount of output of signal attenuation is selectively controlled by the location and penetration of the tuning elements. In another embodiment, a latching type circulator is utilized to allow selective switching of the attenuation level insitu. More than one such switching type attenuator can be cascade connected to form a single customizable and variable attenuator design.

Abstract: A duplexer circuit apparatus includes (a) a transmission arm circuit including a first switching circuit which is connected between a transmitter and an antenna, is turned on during transmission, and is turned off during reception, and (b) a reception arm circuit including a second switching circuit which is connected between a receiver and the antenna, is turned off during transmission, and is turned on during reception. In the duplexer circuit apparatus, either the transmitter or the receiver is selectively connected to the antenna, and the transmission arm circuit further includes a cascode amplifier, and an impedance matching inductor connected between the cascode amplifier and the antenna. In this case, the cascode amplifier may be replaced by a source-grounded amplifier constituted by only the FET.

Abstract: A coaxial rotary coupler assembly which includes a coaxial transmission region for transmitting RF energy between a stationary and rotating section of the rotary coupler. Compact stubs are associated with the input and output connections to associated input and output transmission lines. Stepped impedance chokes are formed between fixed and rotating portions of the outer and inner coaxial conductors of the rotary transmission line sections.

Abstract: A nonreciprocal circuit device wherein upper and lower yokes can easily be fitted together, thereby preventing the deviation between the upper and lower yokes to obtain excellent electric characteristics. The upper yoke is bent in a box shape, and provided with an upper wall and two pairs of side walls of approximately rectangular shape, a lower yoke is bent in a U-shape, and provided with a bottom wall and a pair of side walls opposite to each other. A chamfer and a taper continuous to the chamfer are executed on each end face of a lapped part of the side wall on side walls of the upper yoke. Moreover, a perpendicular part parallel to the upper yoke side wall is formed on a lapped part on the upper yoke side wall.

Abstract: A transducer is connected between a wave-guide tube and a microstrip line, has an antenna probe formed on a multi-layered insulating structure over the opening of the wave-guide tube and connected between the microstrip line and a ground plane, and an inter-level conductive pattern is formed around the zone over the opening so that the zone propagates electromagnetic wave between the wave-guide tube and the microstrip line without undesirable electromagnetic influences from a semiconductor bare chip mounted on the multi-layered insulating structure.

Abstract: A duplexer includes a high-frequency switch, an LC filter serving as a low-pass filter, and an SAW filter serving as a band-pass filter. The high-frequency switch includes diodes, capacitors, and transmission lines. The LC filter includes capacitors and transmission lines. The high-frequency switch and LC filter are built into a multi-layer ceramic substrate, while the diodes of the high-frequency switch and the SAW filter are mounted on the substrate. The substrate is made of a low-temperature-baked ceramic material.

Abstract: A split power control circuit includes a solid state switch and a circuit or circuit element, such as a relatively large resistance or reactance connected between an RF signal line and ground. In order to provide relatively more precise control and thus relatively finer adjustment of the RF signal line, the RF signal line is split into a plurality of branches, with the switched control circuit or element connected to one or more of the branches. In another embodiment of the present invention, a solid state switch and serially connected circuit or circuit element, such as a resistance or reactance, are connected between an RF signal line and ground. The gate terminal of the solid state switch is capacitively coupled to the switch terminal (i.e. drain or source) connected to the RF signal line, forcing the gate bias element to become a fixed, rather than switched, load, thereby minimizing errors due to the gate biasing element and enabling tuning reactances to be used to compensate for such gate loads.

Abstract: An RF power divider is provided for use in a UHF-band high-power amplifier of a radio transmitter. The RF power divider includes: a single input port; first and second output ports; a first microstrip line coupled to the input port; first and second coils coupled in parallel to an output side of the first microstrip line; a second microstrip line coupled between an output side of the first coil and the first output port; a third microstrip line coupled between an output side of the second coil and the second output port; a first capacitor coupled between a ground and a contact point of the first microstrip line and the first and second coils; a resistor coupled between a contact point of the first coil and the second microstrip line, and a contact point of the second coil and the third microstrip line; and a second capacitor coupled in parallel to the resistor. Accordingly, the present invention provides a Wilkinson power divider implemented in a concentrated integer equivalent circuit, in which .lambda.

Abstract: The invention proposes a lumped constant compensated high/pass balun (balance line to unbalance line transition). The proposed circuit can be used in microwave integrated circuit(MIC) and mononolithic microwave integrated circuit(MMIC) designs. The basic operating principle of the proposed circuit is to use two sets of lumped type high pass and low pass filters to synthesize a microwave balun. The first filter set provides the wide band 180.degree. phase difference property for the balun circuit. The amplitude imbalance of the balun is compensated by the other filter set. The advantage of the proposed circuit is to replace the bulky and non-planar distributed balun or traditional transformer in low microwave frequency range.

Abstract: A microwave component is described with a substantially tub-shaped housing part which comprises a bottom portion and at least one wall portion merging into the circumference of the bottom portion, and with a lid part, said housing part and lid part being formed from a magnetically permeable material and enclosing an inner space in which a number of substantially disc-shaped components are provided in a stacked arrangement between the bottom portion and the lid part such that a partial space of the inner space adjoining at least a sub-portion of the bottom portion is left open by the stacked arrangement.A compact construction benefiting miniaturization is obtained in this microwave component in spite of the accommodation of a bulky load impedance.

Abstract: An antenna feed system provides reception of both circularly polarized signals and linearly polarized signals. An antenna is employed which is dual-circularly polarized and circularly polarized signals received thereby are separated into right and left hand components which are placed in phase quadrature relationship by means of a 90 degree hybrid coupler. Signals received by the antenna which have dual-orthogonal linear polarization are also separated into left and right hand components in quadrature relationship by means of a 90 degree hybrid coupler. A programmable phase shifter is utilized to set the orientation of the linearly polarized reception vector. A fixed delay line and an attenuator are provided for use in balancing the amplitude and phase of the right and left hand components of the linearly polarized signals.

Abstract: A new amplifier module construction enhances the manufacturer's ability to repetitively construct multiple copies of millimeter microwave amplifiers having performance characteristics that are consistent with one another, particularly in input VSWR ratio characteristic, and which performance characteristic do not significantly change following any necessary rework of the amplifier module, including any MMIC chip replacement. In this module, a waveguide to microstrip transition is formed of a backshort member that is separate from the metal base or cover and that backshort member is held pressed in place against the substrate by force exerted by the module's cover plate through a spring member against the exterior of the backshort member. The spring member is formed by a resilient compressible gasket.

Abstract: An RF three-way combiner/splitter is disclosed that can be fabricated in a single signal layer on a PCB and which has better separation of the outputs and improved location of ballast resistors. The combiner/splitter includes seven one-quarter wave-length trace segments joined to form a structure in a general shape of a figure eight. The seven one-quarter wave-length trace segments connect to form six connection ports, wherein a first and second connection port is above and below a central input port and three output ports are disposed on the opposite side of the structure. A first ballast resistor is coupled to the first connection port and a second ballast resistor is coupled to the second connection port. The trace segments may be straight or some of the trace segments may be folded to decrease the physical length of the combiner/splitter.