Abstract: A system for performing authentication of a first user to a second user includes the ability for the first user to submit multiple instances of authentication data which are evaluated and then used to generate an overall level of confidence in the claimed identity of the first user. The individual authentication instances are evaluated based upon: the degree of match between the user provided by the first user during the authentication and the data provided by the first user during his enrollment; the inherent reliability of the authentication technique being used; the circumstances surrounding the generation of the authentication data by the first user; and the circumstances surrounding the generation of the enrollment data by the first user. This confidence level is compared with a required trust level which is based at least in part upon the requirements of the second user, and the authentication result is based upon this comparison.

Abstract: A system for performing authentication of a first user to a second user includes the ability for the first user to submit multiple instances of authentication data which are evaluated and then used to generate an overall level of confidence in the claimed identity of the first user. The individual authentication instances are evaluated based upon: the degree of match between the user provided by the first user during the authentication and the data provided by the first user during his enrollment; the inherent reliability of the authentication technique being used; the circumstances surrounding the generation of the authentication data by the first user; and the circumstances surrounding the generation of the enrollment data by the first user. This confidence level is compared with a required trust level which is based at least in part upon the requirements of the second user, and the authentication result is based upon this comparison.

Abstract: The invention is a cryptographic server providing interoperability over multiple algorithms, keys, standards, certificate types and issuers, protocols, and the like. Another aspect of the invention is to provide a secure server, or trust engine, having server-centric keys, or in other words, storing cryptographic keys on a server. The server-centric storage of keys provides for user-independent security, portability, availability, and straightforwardness, along with a wide variety of implementation possibilities.

Abstract: The invention is a cryptographic server providing interoperability over multiple algorithms, keys, standards, certificate types and issuers, protocols, and the like. Another aspect of the invention is to provide a secure server, or trust engine, having server-centric keys, or in other words, storing cryptographic keys on a server. The server-centric storage of keys provides for user-independent security, portability, availability, and straightforwardness, along with a wide variety of implementation possibilities.

Abstract: Photonic interconnect reconfigurably couples integrated circuits such as microprocessor, memory or other logic components. Detector, modulator, broad-band coupler and waveguide elements provide transmit and receive capability on CMOS substrate. Computer-implemented design software and reusable component library automate photonic and circuit design and simulation for manufacturability.

Abstract: A system for performing authentication of a first user to a second user includes the ability for the first user to submit multiple instances of authentication data which are evaluated and then used to generate an overall level of confidence in the claimed identity of the first user. The individual authentication instances are evaluated based upon: the degree of match between the user provided by the first user during the authentication and the data provided by the first user during his enrollment; the inherent reliability of the authentication technique being used; the circumstances surrounding the generation of the authentication data by the first user; and the circumstances surrounding the generation of the enrollment data by the first user. This confidence level is compared with a required trust level which is based at least in part upon the requirements of the second user, and the authentication result is based upon this comparison.

Abstract: Photonic interconnect reconfigurably couples integrated circuits such as microprocessor, memory or other logic components. Detector, modulator, broad-band coupler and waveguide elements provide transmit and receive capability on CMOS substrate. Computer-implemented design software and reusable component library automate photonic and circuit design and simulation for manufacturability.

Abstract: The invention is a secure server, or trust engine, having server-centric keys, or in other words, storing cryptographic keys and user authentication data on a server. Users access cryptographic functionality through network access to the trust engine; however, the trust engine does not release actual cryptographic keys or other authentication data. Therefore, the system provides that the keys and data remain secure. The server-centric storage of keys and authentication data provides for user-independent security, portability, availability, and straightforwardness, along with a wide variety of implementation possibilities.

Abstract: The invention is a cryptographic server providing interoperability over multiple algorithms, keys, standards, certificate types and issuers, protocols, and the like. Another aspect of the invention is to provide a secure server, or trust engine, having server-centric keys, or in other words, storing cryptographic keys on a server. The server-centric storage of keys provides for user-independent security, portability, availability, and straightforwardness, along with a wide variety of implementation possibilities.

Abstract: An interface card includes a housing sized for reception by a host system, for example, a laptop computer. A sensor is movably connected to the housing and has a first position in which the sensor receives a relief object and generates an electronic representation of the relief object, and a second position in which the sensor is inactive. An interface module is coupled to the sensor and configured to provide for communications between the interface card and the host system.

Abstract: An interface card includes a housing sized for reception by a host system, for example, a laptop computer. A sensor is movably connected to the housing and has a first position in which the sensor receives a relief object and generates an electronic representation of the relief object, and a second position in which the sensor is inactive. An interface module is coupled to the sensor and configured to provide for communications between the interface card and the host system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fingerprint sensing device comprising a planar array of closely-spaced capacitive sense elements. When a finger is placed in close proximity to the sensing device, the capacitive sense elements measure a capacitance between the finger and a single capacitor plate in each sense element. This is accomplished by precharging each capacitor plate, and then using a known current source to remove a fixed amount of charge from each capacitor plate. The measured capacitance varies as a function of the distance between the capacitor plate and the finger surface. Thus, a capacitance measurement allows the distance between the capacitor plate and the finger surface to be determined. Distance measurements across the array of sense elements are combined to produce a representation of the pattern of ridges on the finger surface which comprise a fingerprint.

Abstract: A system and method for using a relief object image generator for cursor control, computer access control, and operational parameter control is disclosed. The system includes a relief object image generator, a sensor array, an image processor, and a memory. The relief object image generator generates images of relief objects, such as fingerprints, brought in proximity of the exposed surface of the image generator. The image processor receives the image from the sensor array, processes the image, and compares the resulting descriptive information to stored information corresponding to authorized users. If a match is found, the user is granted access to the computer. The image processor may also process the image to determine image movement or the image's presence or absence. Detected movement is used to generate directional signals while the presence and abserice of the image is used to generate highlight and select signals.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fingerprint sensing device comprising a planar array of closely-spaced capacitive sense elements. When a finger is placed in close proximity to the sensing device, the capacitive sense elements measure a capacitance between the finger and a single capacitor plate in each sense element. This is accomplished by precharging each capacitor plate, and then using a known current source to remove a fixed amount of charge from each capacitor plate. The measured capacitance varies as a function of the distance between the capacitor plate and the finger surface. Thus, a capacitance measurement allows the distance between the capacitor plate and the finger surface to be determined. Distance measurements across the array of sense elements are combined to produce a representation of the pattern of ridges on the finger surface which comprise a fingerprint.

Abstract: An active pixel imaging system and method to generate an differential output signal consisting of the differences in a viewed image between adjacent detected flames. A buffered electrical charge storage capacity of the active pixel sensor is utilized to provide a system with reduced complexity and hardware requirements. In the imaging system, when a particular active pixel sensor is activated it generates a voltage signal corresponding to a previous frame's detect light intensity before the pixel is reset to generate a voltage signal corresponding to a present frame's detected light intensity. A differential output circuit is used to generate a differential output signal based on these two generated voltage signals.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for comparing a first input voltage to a second input voltage. In one embodiment of the invention, a first input voltage is transformed into a first current flowing through a first transistor and a second transistor. A second input voltage is transformed into a second current flowing through the first transistor while the first current continues flowing through the second transistor. A difference current is developed which represents the difference between the first current and the second current. An indicator signal is generated which indicates the larger of the first and second input voltages based on the value of the difference current.

Abstract: A motion detection camera system which may be used as a security camera includes an active pixel imaging system operable in a video and differential mode connected to a mode activation circuit that controls the imaging system mode. In the video mode, the imaging system generates an output signal containing information of a viewed area on a frame by frame manner. In the differential mode, the imaging system generates a differential output signal containing information consisting of the differences in the viewed area between adjacent detected frames. Normally, the imaging system camera is operated in the differential mode. If no motion occurs in the viewed area, the corresponding differential output signal representing the interframe differences will have a constant signal level. Upon detecting that the differential output signal deviates by greater than a threshold level indicating motion in the viewed area, the mode activation circuit causes the imaging system to operate in its video mode.

Abstract: The single-polysilicon active pixel comprises a photo site located on a substrate for generating and storing charge carriers, the charge carriers being generated from photonic energy incident upon the photo site and semiconductor substrate, a photo gate, a transfer transistor and output and reset electronics. The gate of the transfer transistor and the photo gate are defined in a single layer of polysilicon disposed on the semiconductor substrate. The source of transfer transistor is a doped region of substrate, referred to as a coupling diffusion, which provides the electrical coupling between the photo gate and the transfer transistor. The coupling diffusion allows for the transfer of a signal stored in a photo site under the photo gate to the output electronics for processing. The single-polysilicon active pixel may be operated by biasing the transfer transistor to the low operating voltage of the pixel, for example, 0 volts.

Abstract: High-efficiency clock generator circuits having single or complementary outputs for driving capacitive loads. The clock generator has therein at least one pair of complementary FET switches, coupled between the output of the generator and power supply rails, and an inductor. The generator is operated at a frequency approximately equal the resonant frequency of the inductor combined with the capacitance of the load. Energy normally stored in the load and dissipated in the FETs as in conventional clock generators is instead stored in the inductor and returned to the loads for reuse.

Abstract: The imaging pixel according to the present invention includes a floating gate pixel node capable of nondestructive readout and active source follower output circuitry suitable for combination with other like imaging pixels to form an imaging array.