Abstract: Oil-soluble, higher dialkyl amine derivatives, such as di-C.sub.16 to C.sub.40 alkyl amine amides and/or salts of ortho phthalic acid or anhydride are novel compounds useful as additives in distillate fuel oil.

Abstract: Complexes of the formula[(R.sub.2 DQ).sub.b P.sup.+ R.sup.1.sub.4-b ].sub.g.(MX.sub.n).sub.sare disclosed in which R is selected from an alkyl group containing 1 to 30 carbon atoms and an aryl group containing from 6 to 10 carbon atoms; Q is a divalent organic radical selected from an alkylene group and an alkylene group the carbon chain of which is interrupted by an ether oxygen or phenylene group, wherein the alkylene group contains from 1 to 30 carbon atoms; R.sup.1 represents an alkyl group containing from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, wherein said R.sup.1 groups can be the same or different; D is a member selected from P and N; Z.sup.- is an anion; M is a Group VIII metal; X is an anion or organic ligand satisfying the coordination sites of the metal; b times g is 1 to 6; n is 2 to 6; and s is 1 to 3. Processes of using such complexes are also disclosed.

Abstract: An additive combination for improving the cold flow properties of distillate fuels comprises a combination of:(A) a distillate flow improver which is an ethylene containing polymer, preferably a copolymer of ethylene with unsaturated esters, e.g. vinyl acetate;(B) a hydrocarbon polymer of C.sub.2 to C.sub.30 olefin of number average molecular weight of 10.sup.3 to 10.sup.6 or derivatized version thereof, for example copolymers of ethylene and propylene, or polyisobutylene, which are used as lubricating oil V.I. improvers; and(C) a polar oil soluble compound which includes amides, salts, carboxylates, sulfonates, sulfates, phosphates, phenates and borates, having hydrocarbon solubilizing groups, for example salts and amides of polycarboxylic acid such as phthalic anhydride reacted with hydrogenated secondary tallow amine.

Abstract: Novel higher dialkyl dimethyl ammonium clays, of superior gellant effectiveness in oxygenated organic liquids, can be produced by the overtreatment of layer and chain type mineral clays via ion exchange reactions. For example, a layered dioctadecyl dimethyl ammonium montmorillonite, a superior gellant for alkyd resin based coatings, is prepared by the reaction of sodium montmorillonite with a 12 to 25% excess of the corresponding quaternary chloride beyond the known ion exchange capacity of the clay. The overtreatment is preferably carried out in a mixture of water and organic solvent which disperses the clay and dissolves the quaternary ammonium salt.

Abstract: Polyolefin lubricant base oils can be surprisingly gelled by layer and chain type overtreated higher dialkyl dimethyl ammonium clays preferably containing a minimum of 12% excess of the quaternary ion moiety over their ion exchange capacity. For example, an overtreated dihydrogenated ditallow ammonium montmorillonite containing a 22% excess of the quaternary ion can be used to prepare a polydecene based grease although it does not gel mineral oil lubricants. In contrast, the known clay analog of equivalent treatment gels the mineral oil but not the synthetic polyolefin lubricant under comparable conditions.

Abstract: Salts of surfactant alkyl aromatic sulfonic acids react with lower dialkyl sulfates under anhydrous conditions to form the corresponding novel lower alkyl sulfonate esters and as by-products, the salts of the corresponding alkyl sulfuric acid.

Abstract: Complexes of the formula[(R.sub.2 DQ).sub.b P.sup.+ R.sup.1.sub.4-b Z.sup.- ].sub.g .multidot.(MX.sub.n).sub.sare disclosed in which R is selected from an alkyl group containing 1 to 30 carbon atoms and an aryl group containing from 6 to 10 carbon atoms; Q is a divalent organic radical selected from an alkylene group and an alkylene group the carbon chain of which is interrupted by an ether oxygen or phenylene group, wherein the alkylene group contains from 1 to 30 carbon atoms; R.sup.1 represents an alkyl group containing from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, wherein said R.sup.1 groups can be the same or different; D is a member selected from P and N; Z.sup.- is an anion; M is a Group VIII metal; X is an anion or organic ligand satisfying the coordination sites of the metal; b times g is 1 to 6; n is 2 to 6; and s is 1 to 3. Processes of using such complexes are also disclosed.

Abstract: Novel homogeneous trihydrocarbyl silyl-substituted alkyl diaryl phosphine transition metal complexes of the general formula:[(Ar.sub.2 PQ).sub.y SiR.sub.4-y ].sub.g (MX.sub.n).sub.swherein Ar is a C.sub.6 to C.sub.10 aromatic hydrocarbyl radical, Q is a C.sub.1 to C.sub.30 saturated straight chain divalent radical either unsubstituted or substituted, R is an unsubstituted C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 hydrocarbyl, C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 monosubstituted hydrocarbyl, phenyl radical, y is 1 to 4, g times y is 1 to 6, M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of Group VIII transition metals, X is an anion or organic ligand excluding halogen satisfying the coordination sites of the metal, n is 2 to 6 and s is 1 to 3, are disclosed. These materials are superior catalysts for the selective hydroformylation of olefins, particularly in the presence of excess quantities of the ligand of the formula:[(Ar.sub.2 P)[Q].sub.y SiR.sub.4-y ]wherein Ar, Q, R, and y are as previously defined.

Abstract: Novel .omega.alkenyl silane monoadducts and bis-.alpha., .omega.-silyl alkanes are disclosed. The .omega.-alkenyl silanes or bis-.alpha.,.omega.-silyl alkanes are prepared by the selective addition of silane having chlorine, alkoxy or acyloxy groups to an .alpha.,.omega.-diene. The additions may be carried out in the liquid phase in the presence of free radical and/or metal and/or metal salt catalyst.

Abstract: Polymers comprising quaternary phosphonium counter-ion salts of acids having anionic groups covalently bonded to carbon atoms comprising a backbone chain of a polymer, or to acrylic, alicyclic or aromatic radicals which are pendant to the backbone chain of the polymer are novel compositions of matter. Such polymers vary in properties from water-soluble polyelectrolytes useful as thickening agents to thermoplastic elastomers which can be extruded, injection molded, vacuum formed, etc. at elevated temperatures. The elastomeric ionomers are useful as specialty and general purpose rubbers. The ionomers of the instant invention are plasticized with a select group of plasticizers thereby improving the rheological properties of the ionomers.

Abstract: Novel heterogeneous silylhydrocarbyl phosphine transition metal complex catalysts and intermediates therefor are prepared by (a) the selective monoaddition of silane having chlorine, alkoxy or acyloxy groups to an .alpha., .omega.-diene, (b) followed by the addition of a phosphine to the resulting .omega.-alkenyl silanes to form the corresponding silylalkyl phosphines, (c) which are then covalently anchored as such or in the form of their transition metal complexes via condensation of their reactive silane substituents with hydroxy groups of silica and metal oxides, (d) optionally followed by complexing the free phosphine groups of anchored silylalkyl phosphines with transition metal compounds.

Abstract: Dithiophosphates of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R' is methyl or ethyl; R" is primary or secondary C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 alkyl; Q is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylene; y is 0-2; R.sub.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl and aryl are novel compounds having excellent pesticidal properties against insects, mites and nematodes. O-Ethyl S'-n-propyl S-alkylthioalkyl dithiophosphates in which each alkyl group has from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, are especially outstanding as pesticides of reduced mammalian toxicity and are useful in the control of the highly pesticide resistant insects of the Order of Lepidoptera.

Abstract: Higher dialkyl lower dialkyl phosphonium chloride salts, derived via quaternarization of phosphines with primary chlorides, have unexpected biocidal properties. Such quaternary salts are broad spectrum bactericides, fungicides and algicides, highly effective against gram negative organisms even in hard water. They are also useful as intermediates for the synthesis of quaternary phosphonium clays.

Abstract: N,N-dichloro-N-acyl compounds such as N,N-dichlorocarbamates, sulfonamides, amidosulfonamides selectively react with conjugated dienes to yield the corresponding 1,4-adducts, i.e. N-chloro-N-chlorocrotyl compounds. The N-chloro group of these adducts can be selectively reduced by aqueous sodium sulfite. Both the original and reduced adducts are effective fungicides, herbicides and bacteriocides.

Abstract: Ionomers comprising higher alkyl ammonium or quaternary polyammonium salts of polyacids, particularly sulfonic acids, having anionic groups covalently bonded to carbon atoms comprising a backbone chain of a polymer, or to acyclic, alicyclic or aromatic radicals which are pendant to the backbone chain of the polymer, are novel compositions of matter. These ionomers vary in properties from water-soluble polyelectrolytes useful as thickening agents to thermoplastic elastomers which can be extruded, injection molded, vacuum formed, etc. at elevated temperatures. The elastomers are useful as specialty and general purpose rubbers.

Abstract: N,N-dichloro-N-acyl compounds, such as N,N-dichlorocarbamates, sulfonamides and amidosulfonamides selectively react with conjugated dienes to yield the corresponding 1,4-adducts, i.e. N-chloro-N-chlorocrotyl compounds. The N-chloro group of these adducts can be selectively reduced by aqueous sodium sulfite. Both the original and the reduced adducts are novel compositions useful as biologically active compounds and vulcanizing agents. The bis-N-chlorocrotyl carbamates and their N-chloro derivatives are particularly claimed compositions.

Abstract: N,N-dichloro-N-acyl compounds, such as N,N-dichlorocarbamates, sulfonamides and amidosulfonamides selectively react with conjugated dienes to yield the corresponding 1,4-adducts, i.e. N-chloro-N-chlorocrotyl compounds. The N-chloro group of these adducts can be selectively reduced by aqueous sodium sulfite. Both the original and the reduced adducts are novel compositions useful as biologically active compounds and vulcanizing agents. The N-chlorocrotyl sulfamides and their N-chloro derivatives are particularly claimed compositions.

Abstract: Episulfides are reacted with mono, di or trithiols in the presence of tertiary aliphatic amines or tertiary aliphatic phosphines, to form corresponding thioether thiols by a highly selective anionic mechanism. Increasing episulfide-thiol ratios result in polythioether thiols of increasing molecular weights. Using two or more episulfides, block copolymers can be prepared. The reactive terminal thiol functionality and the segmented crystalline and amorphous block structure of the new polymers makes them particularly useful for castable rubber applications.

Abstract: Novel heterogeneous silylhydrocarbyl phosphine transition metal complex catalysts and intermediates therefor are prepared by (a) the selective monoaddition of silane having chlorine, alkoxy or acyloxy groups to an .alpha.,.omega.-diene, (b) followed by the addition of a phosphine to the resulting .omega.-alkenyl silanes to form the corresponding silylalkyl phosphines, (c) which are then covalently anchored as such or in the form of their transition metal complexes via condensation of their reactive silane substituents with hydroxy groups of silica and metal oxides, (d) optionally followed by complexing the free phosphine groups of anchored silylalkyl phosphines with transition metal compounds.

Abstract: N,N-dichloro-N-acyl compounds, such as N,N-dichlorocarbamates, sulfonamides and amidosulfonamides selectively react with conjugated dienes to yield the corresponding 1,4-adducts, i.e. N-chloro-N-chlorocrotyl compounds. The N-chloro group of these adducts can be selectively reduced by aqueous sodium sulfite. Both the original and the reduced adducts are novel compositions useful as biologically active compounds and vulcanizing agents. The N-chlorocrotyl sulfonamides and their N-chloro derivatives are particularly claimed compositions.