Abstract: Improved radiation vulcanization of elastomers is accomplished by incorporating into the elastomer composition a polythiol, bivalent metal oxide and an aliphatic acid. The polythiol is preferably a hydrocarbon thioether thiol and is normally liquid at room temperature with a molecular weight of at least 150, said metal oxide is preferably zinc oxide and said acid is preferably stearic acid; alternatively, the reaction product of said metal oxide and acid can be used e.g., zinc stearate at appropriately increased concentration.

Abstract: Novel layer type clay-like tetraalkyl phosphonium aluminosilicates can be produced by the ion exchange reaction of metal aluminosilicates with phosphonium salts. For example, layered type tetraalkyl phosphonium derivatives of clays are prepared by the reaction of sodium clays with tetraalkyl phosphonium chlorides. Substituted tetraalkyl phosphonium clays such as phosphino-, amino-, cyano- and hydroxy-alkyl derivatives are similarly synthesized. The novel compositions have unexpected microstructure, thermal stability, and thixotropic properties in organic liquids.

Abstract: Novel heterogeneous silylhydrocarbyl phosphine transition metal complex catalysts and intermediates therefor are prepared by (a) the selective monoaddition of silane having chlorine, alkoxy or acyloxy groups to an .alpha.,.omega.-diene, (b) followed by the addition of a phosphine to the resulting .omega.-alkenyl silanes to form the corresponding silylalkyl phosphines, (c) which are then covalently anchored as such or in the form of their transition metal complexes via condensation of their reactive silane substituents with hydroxy groups of silica and metal oxides, (d) optionally followed by complexing the free phosphine groups of anchored silylalkyl phosphines with transition metal compounds.

Abstract: Vinylic thiophosphorus acid esters of either cis- or trans-configuration can be synthesized in a stereospecific reaction of a cis- and a trans-vinylic metal compound with diorgano phosphoryl disulfide and a diorgano phosphoryl sulfenyl halide, respectively, and the product can be isomerized to the thermodynamically more stable mixture of isomers by free radical and ionic catalysts. The new cis- and/or trans-vinylic thiophosphorus esters are mainly useful in the field of plant and animal pesticides.

Abstract: Phosphorylsulfenyl halides are added to monoolefins, multiolefins, conjugated multiolefins and acetylenic compounds. 1,2-Markownikov oriented adducts are the principle products when conjugated diolefins are employed as the starting feedstock. Anti-Markownikov adducts are obtained as major products when unsymmetrical monoolefins and nonconjugated multiolefins are used as the starting material. The addition reactions are conducted at low temperatures. The materials which are obtained are of interest as pesticides and as intermediates in the synthesis of pesticides.

Abstract: Organophosphorus acid esters of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents propyl or butyl; R.sub.2 represents methyl or ethyl; each of R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 represents hydrogen, halogen, or alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; n is a number from 1 to 4; and m is a number from 1 to 5. These compounds are useful for the control of insects, acarids and nematodes.

Abstract: Ionomers comprising quaternary phosphonium counterion salts of acids having anionic groups covalently bonded to carbon atoms comprising a backbone chain of a polymer, or to acyclic, alicyclic or aromatic radicals which are pendant to the backbone chain of the polymer are novel compositions of matter. The ionomers vary in properties from water-soluble polyelectrolytes useful as thickening agents to thermoplastic elastomers which can be extruded, injection molded, vacuum formed, etc. at elevated temperatures. The elastomers are useful as specialty and general purpose rubbers.

Abstract: Haloalkanethiols are synthesized through the free radical liquid phase reaction of halogenated olefins with an excess of hydrogen sulfide. High product yields to the desired haloalkanethiol products are secured when a 3 to 20 fold molar excess of hydrogen sulfide to halogenated olefin is used. Desirably, the synthesis is carried out to a conversion level not exceeding 90%. The haloalkanethiol products can be subsequently dehydrohalogenated to the corresponding episulfide products by reacting the haloalkanethiol product with a substantially equal molar amount of anhydrous ammonia.

Abstract: Improved radiation vulcanization of elastomers is accomplished by incorporating into the elastomer composition a polythiol. The polythiol is preferably a hydrocarbon thioether thiol and is normally liquid at room temperature with a molecular weight of at least 150. Though difunctional polythiols are operative in this invention, the preferred polythiols have about three to about five thiol groups per molecule.

Abstract: Novel heterogeneous silylhydrocarbyl phosphine transition metal complex catalysts and intermediates therefore are prepared by (a) the selective monoaddition of silane having chlorine, alkoxy or acyloxy groups to an .alpha., .omega.-diene, (b) followed by the addition of a phosphine to the resulting .omega.-alkenyl silanes to form the corresponding silylalkyl phosphines, (c) which are then covalently anchored as such or in the form of their transition metal complexes via condensation of their reactive silane substituents with hydroxy groups of silica and metal oxides, (d) optionally followed by complexing the free phosphine groups of anchored silylalkyl phosphines with transition metal compounds.

Abstract: Dithiophosphates of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R' is methyl or ethyl; R" is primary or secondary C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 alkyl; Q is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylene; y is 0-2; R.sub.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl and aryl are novel compounds having excellent pesticidal properties against insects, mites and nematodes. O-Ethyl S'-n-propyl S-alkylthioalkyl dithiohosphates in which each alkyl group has from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, are especially outstanding as pesticides of reduced mammalian toxicity and are useful in the control of the highly pesticide resistant insects of the Order of Lepidoptera.

Abstract: Thiophosphoric acid phenyl esters of the formula ##STR1## wherein R represents alkyl with 1 to 2 carbon atoms, R.sub.1 represents alkyl with 3 to 4 carbon atoms, R.sub.2 represents alkylthio with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkylthiomethyl with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkylsulfinyl with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkylsulfinylmethyl with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkylsulfonyl with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkylsulfonylmethyl with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, --S(CH.sub.2).sub.m CN, --S(CH.sub.2).sub.m Cl, SCF.sub.3 ##STR2## R.sub.3 represents C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 each represents hydrogen or C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl, m is 1 or 2, n is 0, 1 or 2, and X represents alkyl with 1 to 4 carbon atoms or halogen, a process for their manufacture and their use in pest control.

Abstract: Novel polythioether polyurethanes of superior thermal and oxidative aging stability are prepared from polythioether dithiols derived from addition of dithiols to acetylenes under free radical conditions. These polythioether dithiols having alkyl branching contain the divalent alkylene groups derived from their dithiol and acetylene monomer components in a regularly alternating manner. This dithiol is reacted with an epoxide with an amine catalyst to form a polythioether diol of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.30 divalent organic radical, R' is selected from the group consisting of H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.30 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.30 alkenyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.30 alkynyl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.20 aralkyl and mixtures thereof, provided that either R has a branched structure or R' is alkyl, R" is H or methyl and n is 2 to 1000. These polythioether diols are chain extended and crosslinked via reactions with organic diisocyanates of the formula R'" (NCO).sub.

Abstract: Novel layer type clay-like tetraalkyl phosphonium aluminosilicates can be produced by the ion exchange reaction of metal aluminosilicates with phosphonium salts. For example, layered type tetraalkyl phosphonium derivatives of clays are prepared by the reaction of sodium clays with tetraalkyl phosphonium chlorides. The novel compositions have unexpected microstructure, thermal stability, and thixotropic properties in organic liquids.

Abstract: Organophosphorus acid esters of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents propyl or butyl; R.sub.2 represents methyl or ethyl; each of R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 represents hydrogen, halogen, or alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; n is a number from 1 to 4; and m is a number from 1 to 5. These compounds are useful for the control of insects, acarids and nematodes.

Abstract: Nitrophenylthiolphosphoric esters of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents methyl or ethyl,R.sub.2 represents propyl or butyl, andR.sub.3 represents hydrogen, methyl or chlorine,Processes for their manufacture and their use in pest control a novel composition of reduced mammaliam toxicity.

Abstract: Acylthiosulfenyl halides, phosphorylsulfenyl halides, and thiophosphorylsulfenyl halides are added to monoolefins, multiolefins and acetylenic compounds. 1,2-Markownikov oriented adducts are the principal products when conjugated diolefins are employed as the starting feedstock. Anti-Markownikov adducts are obtained as major products when unsymmetrical monoolefins and nonconjugated multiolefins are used as the starting material. The addition reactions are conducted at low temperatures.

Abstract: Thiolphosphoric acid esters of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents methyl or ethyl,R.sub.2 represents propyl or butyl,R.sub.3 is a radical having the formula: ##STR2## or ##STR3## IN WHICH R.sub.4 represents allyl, methallyl, --CH.sub.2 CN, or ##STR4## R.sub.5 represents hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -alkyl, nitro, cyano, methylmercapto or C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 carboalkoxy,R.sub.6 represents hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -alkyl or --COCH.sub.3,X represents oxygen or sulphur, andm and n each denote the number 1 or 2, process for their production and their use in the control of pests.

Abstract: Higher dialkyl lower dialkyl phosphonium chloride salts, derived via quaternarization of phosphines with primary chlorides, have unexpected surfactant biocidal properties. Such quaternary salts are broad spectrum bactericides, fungicides and algicides, highly effective against gram negative organisms even in hard water. They are also useful as intermediates for the synthesis of quaternary phosphonium clays.

Abstract: Novel thioether isocyanates and isothiocyanates are produced by the addition of thiols to the olefinic bonds of allyl isocyanates and isothiocyanates. They are useful as pesticides, especially as post-emergence herbicides, and as polymer intermediates.