Abstract: There is disclosed a device for producing a hot propellant jet intended to atomize, and subsequently vitrify, liquid inorganic melts such as, for instance, slags or glass, including a burner chamber. The burner chamber has inlet openings for water and/or vapor distributedly arranged in the axial direction and about the periphery of the flame in a wall surrounding the burner axis and forming an annular chamber with the wall of the burner chamber. A lance including a nozzle is connected to the burner chamber.

Abstract: The method for granulating liquid slag melts, in particular blast furnace slag, in which the melt (2) is ejected into a cooling chamber via a slag tundish (1) and in which fluid under pressure, in particular compressed gas, vapor or pressurized water, is injected in the direction of the slag exit (6) in order to eject said liquid slag, is characterized in that the pressure fluid jet discharges into a throttle pipe (3) which is immersed in the slag bath and whose lower edge is mounted so as to be adjustable in the height direction (4). The corresponding device comprises a lance (7) which is surrounded by a height-adjustable throttle pipe (3) whose lower edge (5) is immersed in the slag bath (2) contained in the tundish (1) and forms a throttling cross section between the slag exit (6) and the slag bath (2).

Abstract: In a process for granulating and disintegrating molten slags, in particular blast furnace slags, with water, a compressed water jet is directed into the slag and the slag is ejected as the jacket of the compressed water jet. The device for carrying out the process comprises a slag vessel for molten slag including an outlet opening for the molten slag, wherein a lance opens into the axis of the slag outlet opening such that the molten slag is ejected by compressed water or vapor introduced through the lance.

Abstract: In a method of converting slags derived from nonferrous metallurgy, in particular primary and secondary Ni and Cu metallurgical slags, while recovering and/or enriching the nonferrous metals and forming synthetic puzzolans, the molten oxidic slags are reduced with gases containing H2 and CO such as, e.g., cracked gas in a first reduction stage above a metal bath containing Cu and/or Ni and optionally Co. The redox potential of the CO/H2 mixture is reduced by adding 10 to 40% by volume H2O vapor and/or CO2 in order to hold off the reduction of Fe oxides. Subsequently, the remaining slag free of Cu and Ni is further reduced above an iron bath while using carbon in order to reduce the portion of Fe oxides so as to produce a slag free of Fe and nonferrous heavy metals.

Abstract: In a method for desiliconizing pig iron prior to subsequent refining to steel molten steel slag after blast furnace tapping is charged onto the tapped pig iron bath, and optionally onto the blast furnace slag bath, in an amount corresponding to the Si content of the pig iron and the Fe and/or Cr oxide contents of the slag. The amount of steel slag is calculated such that the Si content of the pig iron is reduced to below 0.5% by weight at a simultaneous increase in the SiO2 content of the slag while reducing to liquid metals the Fe and/or Cr oxides of the slag. The slag-iron bath temperature is maintained at below 1500° C.

Abstract: In a process for dechroming, and/or depleting the MgO content of, steel slags, oxygen is introduced into the liquid steel slag to an extent sufficient for converting iron quantitatively to iron oxide and at least 5% by weight of the iron oxide contained in the slag to iron-III-oxide. The oxidized slag obtained solidifies and is disintegrated, whereupon the paramagnetic portions formed are magnetically isolated and separated from the dechromed slag.

Abstract: The process for melting oxidic slags and combustion residues having a minimum content of metallized portions such as, e.g., iron and/or carbon carriers, of 3% by weight is carried out in a shaft furnace directly heated by means of fossil fuels via burners. The molten slag bath is transferred into a hearth type furnace immediately adjoining the shaft furnace and in which metals such as, for instance, copper are separated by sedimentation under thermal dissociation and discharged separately via a bottom outlet. The completely oxidized slag reaches a consecutively arranged slag treating reactor via a separate discharge.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for reducing oxidic slags or combustion residues above a metal bath. The metal bath is formed of an iron alloy containing metals nobler than iron and whose redox potential is adjusted such FeO is reduced to Fe not at all or only partially.

Abstract: In this process for working up RESH or shredder light fractions, the RESH or shredder light fractions are charged into a fluidized bed gasifier. Hot wind or combustion offgases having a temperature above 450° C. are blown into the fluidized bed through nozzles while forming a counterflow grinding space. CaCO3 is introduced into the fluidized bed and calcined in the grinding space to effect disintegration.

Abstract: In a method for granulating and comminuting liquid slags, especially metal-oxide-containing slags, coal, hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide (CO2) and/or coal/water mixtures or coal slurries are driven into the slag or the slag jet. The liquid slag is transferred into an expansion and granulation chamber and subsequently into a mill, especially a jet or impact mill. In the device for carrying out the method provided with a slag tundish and a lance arranged coaxially to the axis of the tundish tube the tundish tube is designed as a hole-type nozzle. Devices for applying carbon carriers and/or water nozzles are arranged radially outside of the mouth of the tundish tube.

Abstract: Waste (such as domestic garbage, industrial waste, and bulky refuse) or sewage sludge is pretreated by pyrolysis under an oxygen-poor atmosphere to provide solid pyrolysis residues and a pyrolysis gas. The solid pyrolysis residues are mechanically treated to provide a coarse fraction and a fine fraction. The coarse fraction is mechanically separated and fed to a metal bath reactor containing a metal bath and a liquid slag floating on the metal bath. The fine fraction entrained in a carrier gas is fed via a nozzle in order to carburize the metal bath. The carburized metal bath functions to reduce metal oxides from the liquid slag floated thereon, thereby purifying the liquid slag. At least a portion of the pyrolysis gas is used to smelt and heat the liquid slag.

Abstract: Sulfate cement or sulfate cement aggregates are produced herein by a process in which hydraulically active synthetic slags having slag basicities CaO/SiO.sub.2 of between 1.35 and 1.6, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 contents of 10% by weight to 20% by weight, and iron oxide contents of below 2.5% by weight are mixed with an earth alkali sulfate in an amount of 5% by weight to 20% by weight, based on the overall weight of the mixture. The hydraulically active synthetic slags can be made by mixing at least one member selected from the group consisting of waste incineration slags and blast furnace slags with steel slags to produce a melt and reducing metal oxides contained in the melt. The earth alkali sulfate is selected from the group consisting of crude gypsum, waste gas gypsum, smoke gas desulfurization plant gypsum, gypsum, or anhydrite in ground or comminuted form.

Abstract: In a process for separating tin as well as, if required, copper from scrap melts, in particular, tinplate melts or metallic melts as formed in the working up of waste or metal-oxide-containing combustion residues, the carbon content of the melt is adjusted to 3 to 4.2% by weight and hot wind, oxygen or air enriched with oxygen is locally blown on partial regions of the surface of the melt bath, whereby SnO is discharged, via the gaseous phase, from the redox-gradient-exhibiting zone formed between the carbon-rich bath and the iron oxides produced by top-blowing.

Abstract: In a process for granulating and comminuting molten material, the slag melt is acted upon by compressed water and discharged together with the vapour formed. The liquid slag is introduced into a granulation chamber in a free flowing jet while directing compressed water jets against the slag jet, whereupon the solidified and granulated slag is conducted through a pneumatic conveyor duct and a distributor along with the vapour formed. The partial streams leaving the distributor, via conically tapering nozzles are transferred into a grinding space exhibiting a lower pressure than the granulation space and from which the comminuted and solidified material is drawn off.

Abstract: The method for processing waste or waste fractions, such as, for example, household refuse, car shredder light fractions or the like, provides for pyrolysis, gasification and/or combustion, whereupon the residues are melted under reducing conditions. The reduced portions are then are subjected to a stepwise oxidation, with chromium being quantitatively separated in a first oxidation stage. After this, a calcium ferrite slag is formed by further oxidation, whereupon the remaining metal bath is further processed in order to recover nonferrous heavy metals.

Abstract: A method for processing solid waste incineration residues is disclosed in which the residues are introduced a steelworks slag bath in a sufficient amount so that the residues constitute from 15-45% by weight of the combined weight of the solid waste incineration residues and the steelworks slag bath. The residues are melted to effect the evaporation of heavy metals; which are drawn off from the steelworks slag bath to leave a heavy-metal-depleted slag bath. The residual bath is reduced with carbon carriers to form a slag phase and a pig iron phase. The slag phase can be granulated to produce mixed cement components.

Abstract: In a process for working up combustion residues and slags from waste incineration plants or steel works slags, the slag is charged at a slag layer height of above 1.2 m into a converter (1), in which the molten slag is reacted with a metal bath (4) through which oxygen is blown. The oxygen is introduced into the bath (4) for cooling the submerged tuyeres (7, 8) in the form of air or along with CO.sub.2 or water vapor.

Abstract: The cement composition of this invention includes 10 to 35% by weight of portland cement, 65 to 90% by weight of a synthetic pozzolan, and an activator for reducing the positive surface potential of the synthetic pozzolan. The synthetic pozzolan is obtained by an at least partial reduction from combustion residues having a SiO.sub.2 /CaO ratio of greater than 1:1 and containing Na.sub.2 O and K.sub.2 O as alkali oxides in an amount exceeding 1.5% by weight. The activator includes anionically active or anionic tensides.

Abstract: In a process for producing pig iron, nonferrous heavy metal alloys, ferrochromium carbure or carbon-free ferrochromium and synthetic blast furnace slags, using metal-oxide-containing waste incineration residues or slags, the charging materials of waste burning, e.g., car shredder light fractions and/or metallurgical dusts, are at least partially oxidized and subsequently are reduced while separating nonferrous metals or alloys, whereupon the oxidic slag phase depleted from metals or alloys is mixed with liquid steelworks slag optionally upon further addition of metallurgical dusts, whereupon crude steel is drawn off while lowering the viscosity of the steelworks slag and the remaining slag portion is subjected to further reduction while recovering pig iron and optionally Fe chromium alloys, whereupon the resulting synthetic blast furnace slag is discharged.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for working up combustion residues or slags from waste incineration plants or steel works slags in a converter by reacting the molten slag with a metal bath while injecting carbon and oxygen into the metal bath. The converter is subdivided into three adjacent openly communicating zones. An afterburning zone including at least one lance for afterburning directed onto the slag bath is arranged in the vicinity of the slag feed. The lance generates a circulating flow above the slag bath. Following the afterburning zone, a metal bath sump zone is formed for reacting the metal bath with the slag bath. Next, a settling zone is formed, from which the hot combustion gases and the slag melt are drawn off.