Abstract: Bifurcated memory management for memory elements techniques are disclosed. In one aspect, a memory element includes a self-managed portion and a portion that is managed by a remote host. Software that needs low latency access may be stored in the portion of the memory element that is managed by the remote host and other software may be stored in the portion of the memory element that is managed by the memory element. By providing such bifurcated memory management of the memory element, a relatively inexpensive memory element may be used to store software while at the same time allowing low latency (albeit at low throughputs) access to sensitive software elements with minimal bus logic.

Abstract: Systems and methods for handling silence in audio streams are disclosed. In one aspect, a transmitter detects a halt in an audio stream. After detection of the halt in the audio stream, the transmitter embeds a silence signal into the audio stream and transmits the silence signal to associated receivers. The associated receivers may respond to the embedded silence signal by “playing” silence or by using the silence signal to activate a silence protocol. In either event, the associated receivers do not receive the original audio halt and do not produce an unwanted audio artifact.

Abstract: Techniques for performing WLAN system scanning and selection are described. A terminal performs multiple iterations of scan to detect for WLAN systems. A scan list containing at least one WLAN system to detect for is initially determined. For each scan iteration, a scan type may be selected from among the supported scan types. The selected scan type may indicate passive scan or active scan, frequency channels to scan, etc. A scan may be performed based on the selected scan type. Signal strength measurements are obtained for access points received during the scan and used to identify detected access points. After all scan iterations are completed, candidates access points are identified based on the scan results, e.g., based on the signal strength measurements for the detected access points and a detection threshold. The best candidate access point may be selected for association by the terminal.

Abstract: A two wire interface is disclosed that serializes messaging signals and GPIO signals into frames transmitted over a transmit pin. The two wire interface is configured to perform flow control by monitoring a voltage for the transmit pin.

Abstract: Removable memory card type detection systems and methods are disclosed. In one aspect, a removable memory card is inserted into a receptacle of a host. The host determines a type of removable memory card based upon either electrical or physical properties of the removable memory card. In this manner, if the host detects that the removable memory card possesses certain electrical or physical properties associated with a microSD card, the host determines that the removable memory card is a microSD type card. If the host detects that the removable memory card possesses certain electrical or physical properties associated with a UFS card, the host determines that the removable memory card is a UFS type card. By determining the card type based on detection of certain electrical or physical properties, aspects disclosed herein are able to distinguish between UFS and microSD cards without requiring an additional pin or card initialization time.

Abstract: Extended message signaled interrupts (MSI) data are disclosed. In one aspect, MSI bits are modified to include a system level identifier. In an exemplary aspect, an upper sixteen bits of the MSI message data are modified to be the system level identifier. By providing the system level identifier within the MSI message data, an interrupt controller can verify the interrupt source.

Abstract: Coherency driven enhancements to a PCIe transaction layer are disclosed. In an exemplary aspect, a coherency agent is added to a PCIe system to support a relaxed consistency model for use of memory therein. In particular, endpoints can request ownership of portions of the memory to read from and write to the memory. The coherency agent assigns an address range including the requested portions. The requesting endpoint copies the contents of the memory corresponding to the assigned address range into local endpoint memory to perform read and write operations locally. The owning endpoint may provide an updated snapshot of the copied memory contents upon request. At completion of use of the copied memory contents, or upon request from the coherency agent, ownership of the address range reverts back to the root complex, and the endpoint sends the updated contents back to the address range in the system memory element.

Abstract: Communicating transaction-specific attributes in a peripheral component interconnect express (PCIe) system is disclosed. A PCIe system includes a host system and at least one PCIe endpoint. The PCIe endpoint is configured to determine one or more transaction-specific attributes that can improve efficiency and performance of a predefined host transaction. In this regard, in one aspect, the PCIe endpoint encodes the transaction-specific attributes in a transaction layer packet (TLP) prefix of at least one PCIe TLP and provides the PCIe TLP to the host system. In another aspect, a PCIe root complex (RC) in the host system is configured to detect and extract the transaction-specific attributes from the TLP prefix of the PCIe TLP received from the PCIe endpoint. By communicating the transaction-specific attributes in the TLP prefix of the PCIe TLP, it is possible to improve efficiency and performance of the PCIe system without violating the existing PCIe standard.

Abstract: Removable memory card type detection systems and methods are disclosed. In one aspect, a removable memory card is inserted into a receptacle of a host. The host determines a type of removable memory card based upon either electrical or physical properties of the removable memory card. In this manner, if the host detects that the removable memory card possesses certain electrical or physical properties associated with a microSD card, the host determines that the removable memory card is a microSD type card. If the host detects that the removable memory card possesses certain electrical or physical properties associated with a UFS card, the host determines that the removable memory card is a UFS type card. By determining the card type based on detection of certain electrical or physical properties, aspects disclosed herein are able to distinguish between UFS and microSD cards without requiring an additional pin or card initialization time.

Abstract: Aspects disclosed in the detailed description include head-of-line blocking (HOLB) mitigation in communication devices. Output queues employed by a communication device for transmitting data are susceptible to HOLB. In this regard, in one aspect, a queue monitoring logic is configured to detect HOLB by measuring and comparing a depth(s) of an output queue(s) against a queue-overflow threshold. If the depth(s) of the output queue(s) exceeds the queue-overflow threshold, a queue weight(s) of a corresponding input queue(s) is decreased to reduce data flow into the output queue(s), thus mitigating the HOLB in the output queue(s). In another aspect, the queue monitoring logic is configured to detect queue depletion by comparing the depth(s) of the output queue(s) against a queue-depletion threshold. By mitigating the HOLB and the data starvation in the output queue(s), it is possible to optimize the output queue(s) to achieve higher throughput and data integrity with lower power consumption.

Abstract: Aspects disclosed in the detailed description include scheduled universal serial bus (USB) low-power operations. In this regard, in one aspect, a USB host controller determines a low-power operation schedule for a USB client device. The low-power operation schedule comprises one or more scheduled low-power operation periods, each corresponding to a respective entry time and a respective exit time. The USB host controller communicates the low-power operation schedule to the USB client device using one or more USB standard packets. By scheduling the one or more scheduled low-power operation periods with respective entry and exit times, the USB host controller or the USB client controller is able to start and end the one or more scheduled low-power operation periods without incurring additional signaling, thus improving efficiency of the USB low-power operation. Further, by communicating the low-power operation schedule using USB standard packets, it is possible to preserve compatibility with USB standards.

Abstract: System, methods, and apparatuses are described that facilitate a first device to transmit/retransmit a message to a second device. The first device transmits a first message to the second device. The first device then receives a second message and identifies a hit of the second message indicating an originator of the second message. If the bit indicates the first device as the originator of the second message, then the second message is an echo of the first message, Reception of the echo indicates that the second device is in a sleep state. Accordingly, the first device waits for the second device to wake and retransmits the first message to the second device to ensure that any packets lost during the original transmission of the first message (when the second device was asleep) are now retransmitted while the second device is known to be awake.

Abstract: A two wire interface is disclosed that serializes messaging signals and GPIO signals into frames transmitted over a transmit pin. The two wire interface is configured to perform flow control by monitoring a voltage for the transmit pin.

Abstract: Efficient techniques using a multi-port shared non-volatile memory are described that reduce latency in memory accesses from dedicated function specific processors, such as a modem control processor. The modem processor preempts a host processor that is accessing data from a multi-port shared non-volatile memory flash device allowing the modem processor to quickly access data in the flash device. The preemption process uses a doorbell interrupt initiated by a processor that seeks access and interrupts the processor being preempted. After preemption, the host processor may resume or restart the data access. Access control by the processors utilizes a hardware semaphore atomic control mechanism. Power control of the shared non-volatile memory modules includes at least one inactivity timer to indicate when a supply voltage to the shared non-volatile memory modules can be safely reduced or turned off. Power may be restarted by any of the processors sharing the memory, allowing fast access to the data.

Abstract: Bifurcated memory management for memory elements techniques are disclosed. In one aspect, a memory element includes a self-managed portion and a portion that is managed by a remote host. Software that needs low latency access may be stored in the portion of the memory element that is managed by the remote host and other software may be stored in the portion of the memory element that is managed by the memory element. By providing such bifurcated memory management of the memory element, a relatively inexpensive memory element may be used to store software while at the same time allowing low latency (albeit at low throughputs) access to sensitive software elements with minimal bus logic.

Abstract: Removable memory card discrimination systems and methods are disclosed. In particular, exemplary embodiments discriminate between secure digital (SD) cards and other removable memory cards that comply with the SD form factor, but support the Universal Flash Storage (UFS) protocol. That is, a host may have a receptacle that supports the SD card form factor and is configured to receive a device. In use, a removable memory card is inserted into the receptacle and, using an SD compliant interrogation signal, the host interrogates a common area on the card so inserted. The common area includes information related to capability descriptors of the card. An SD compliant card will respond with information such as capability descriptors about the SD protocol capabilities, while a UFS compliant card will respond with an indication that the card is UFS compliant. The host may then restart the communication with the card using the UFS protocol.

Abstract: Removable memory card type detection systems and methods are disclosed. In one aspect, a removable memory card is inserted into a receptacle of a host. The host determines a type of removable memory card based upon either electrical or physical properties of the removable memory card. In this manner, if the host detects that the removable memory card possesses certain electrical or physical properties associated with a microSD card, the host determines that the removable memory card is a microSD type card. If the host detects that the removable memory card possesses certain electrical or physical properties associated with a UFS card, the host determines that the removable memory card is a UFS type card. By determining the card type based on detection of certain electrical or physical properties, aspects disclosed herein are able to distinguish between UFS and microSD cards without requiring an additional pin or card initialization time.

Abstract: Methods of operation and computer program products for enabling a user to employ a single discrete navigation gesture to select and launch a mobile device destination. The mobile device destination can be a child mobile device destination pointed to by a parent mobile device destination. The mobile device destination can be a user selected mobile device destination from a library of mobile device destinations too long to be depicted simultaneously on a display screen. One embodiment requires a user to draw an additional segment of a single discrete navigation gesture to change one or more instantaneously depicted mobile device destination icons. Another embodiment requires a user to maintain user contact on a navigation item to change one or more instantaneously depicted mobile device destination icons.

Abstract: A method, an apparatus, and a computer program product for communication are provided. The apparatus aggregates data sets as a function of an estimated characteristic of a next data set to arrive, and adaptively adjust the estimated characteristic based on a statistical measure of the estimated characteristic derived from a plurality of previously arrived data sets. The estimated characteristic may be an estimated next arrival time of the next data set, or an estimated size of the next data set.

Abstract: Removable memory card discrimination systems and methods are disclosed. In particular, exemplary embodiments discriminate between secure digital (SD) cards and other removable memory cards that comply with the SD form factor, but support the Universal Flash Storage (UFS) protocol. That is, a host may have a receptacle that supports the SD card form factor and is configured to receive a device. In use, a removable memory card is inserted into the receptacle and, using an SD compliant interrogation signal, the host interrogates a common area on the card so inserted. The common area includes information related to capability descriptors of the card. An SD compliant card will respond with information such as capability descriptors about the SD protocol capabilities, while a UFS compliant card will respond with an indication that the card is UFS compliant. The host may then restart the communication with the card using the UFS protocol.